Examen de aptitud deportiva en jóvenes activos con síndrome de Down. Hallazgos electrocardiográficos

Objetivo. Analizar los hallazgos y la utilidad del electrocardiograma (ECG) de reposo en el reconocimiento de la aptitud física de deportistas con síndrome de Down (SD) según el Consenso de la Federación Españo- la de medicina del Deporte (FEMEDE) 2007. Método. Fueron evaluados 22 jóvenes adultos activos con SD (8 mujeres y 14 hombres) de edades com- prendidas entre los 18 y los 38 años (media y desviación estándar 27,7 ± 6,3 y 24,8 ± 5,2 años, respectiva- mente). Los deportes practicados eran los siguientes: danza, natación, ciclismo y fútbol. En el examen mé- dico de aptitud deportiva se incluyó un ECG de reposo. Como criterios diagnósticos del ECG se utilizaron los del Consenso FEMEDE 2007. Resultados. Sólo 8 individuos de la muestra (36,4%) presentaron ECG negativos según el Consenso FEMEDE 2007, el resto (14 sujetos) mostraron entre una y tres anomalías electrocardiográficas. Trece de los 14 vo- luntarios en los que se encontraron hallazgos electrocardiográficos revelaron un ECG con criterios de posi- tividad según el Consenso FEMEDE 2007, lo que motivó la realización de estudios complementarios para descartar patologías que contraindicasen la práctica deportiva. Entre los diagnósticos realizados cabe des- tacar un síndrome de QT largo y tres de Wolf-Parkinson-White. Conclusiones. Las anomalías electrocardiográficas son frecuentes en deportistas con SD, no siendo raras las patologías que pueden desencadenar una muerte súbita (MS). Es recomendable la realización de reconoci- mientos médicos de aptitud deportiva preparticipación a la población con SD, que incluyan un ECG de re- poso como método básico de despistaje de alteraciones cardíacas que puedan cursar con MSSport aptitude test in active individuals with Down syndrome. Electrocardiographic findings Objective. Analyze the findings and the usefulness of the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) in the recogni- tion of physical fitness of athletes with Down syndrome (DS) according to the Federación Española de Me- dicina del Deporte (FEMEDE) 2007 Consensus. Methods. A total of 22 young active adults with DS (8 females and 14 males), aged 18 to 38 years (mean and standard deviation 27.7 ± 6.3 and 24.8 ± 5.2 years, respectively), were evaluated. The sports practiced were the following: dance, swimming, cycling and soccer. The medical examination for sports fitness in- cluded a resting ECG. The FEMEDE 2007 Consensus was used as the ECG diagnostic criteria. Results. Only 8 individuals in the sample (36.4%) had negative ECG according to the 2007 FEMEDE Consen- sus. The remainder (14 subjects) had between 1 to 3 electrocardiographic abnormalities. Thirteen of the fourteen volunteers who showed electrocardiographic findings revealed positive ECG criteria according to the FEMEDE 2007 Consensus, which led to additional studies to rule out diseases that contraindicated sports. Among the diagnoses, there was a long QT syndrome and three Wolf-Parkinson-White syndromes. Conclusions. Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in athletes with DS, the existence of a rare disease that can trigger sudden death not being uncommon. We recommend conducting medical examina- tion protocols for sports fitness to people with DS that include a resting ECG as a basic method for screening cardiac abnormalities that can evolve without S

Fratura sacral por fadiga como causa de dor glútea profunda: revisão bibliográfica e apresentação de um caso clínico

El Síndrome de Dolor Glúteo Profundo lo puede causar una fractura de fatiga del sacro. Objetivo: Facilitar el diagnóstico del Síndrome de Dolor Glúteo Profundo exponiendo un caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica de fractura de fatiga del sacro. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed sobre fractura de fatiga del sacro en atletas y descripción de un caso clínico de ésta. Resultados: De la bibliografía consultada se desprende que los principales factores predisponentes de una fractura de fatiga del sacro son las cargas desproporcionadas, baja densidad mineral ósea, alteraciones biomecánicas y una superficie de carrera dura. Estas fracturas son más frecuentes en corredores de larga distancia. El diagnóstico de elección es la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear. El tratamiento recomendable sería el reposo de la actividad causante, suplementación con vitamina D y calcio y magnetoterapia. Se describe la clínica, exploraciones complementarias y evolución de un duatleta con fractura de fatiga de sacroDeep Gluteal Pain Syndrome can be caused by a stress fracture of the sacrum. Objective: To facilitate the diagnosis of Deep Gluteal Pain Syndrome exposing a clinical case and bibliographic review of fatigue fracture of the sacrum. Methodology: Bibliographic search in PubMed on fatigue fracture of the sacrum in athletes and description of a clinical case of this. Results: From the consulted bibliography it appears that the main predisposing factors for a stress fracture of the sacrum are disproportionate loads, low bone mineral density, biomechanical abnormalities, and a hard-running surface. These fractures are more common in long-distance runners. The diagnosis of choice is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The recommended treatment would be, rest from the causative activity, supplementation with vitamin D and calcium, and magnetotherapy. The symptoms, complementary examinations, and evolution of a duathlete with a fatigue fracture of the sacrum are describedA Síndrome da Dor Glútea Profunda pode ser causada por uma fratura por estresse do sacro. Objetivo: Facilitar o diagnóstico da Síndrome da Dor Glútea Profunda expondo um caso clínico e revisão bibliográfica de fratura por fadiga do sacro. Metodologia: Pesquisa bibliográfica no PubMed sobre fratura por fadiga do sacro em atletas e descrição de um caso clínico desta. Resultados: Da bibliografia consultada verifica-se que os principais fatores predisponentes para uma fratura por estresse do sacro são cargas desproporcionais, baixa densidade mineral óssea, anormalidades biomecânicas e uma superfície de corrida dura. Essas fraturas são mais comuns em corredores de longa distância. O diagnóstico de escolha é a Ressonância Magnética Nuclear. O tratamento recomendado seria no repouso da atividade causadora, suplementação com vitamina D e cálcio e magnetoterapia. São descritos os sintomas, exames complementares e evolução de um atleta com fratura de fadiga do sacr

Time and frequency analysis of the static balance in young adults with Down syndrome

The main objective of this study is to understand the differences in equilibrium control between normal subjects and those with Down syndrome. A total of 54 subjects participated voluntarily, divided into control group and Down syndrome group. The equilibrium of the subjects was tested under two conditions: bipedal support with eyes open and closed. The signals were analyzed in a time and frequency domain. The statistical parameters selected (i.e., RMS distance, mean velocity, mean frequency and sway area) to analyze the behavior of the center of pressures (CoP) are calculated employing the result of the combination of the time series data in both directions (i.e. resultant distance). In order to calculate the frequency bands produced by the displacements of the CoP, a Fast Fourier Transformof the data was performed. The group with Down syndrome showed poorer static equilibrium control than the control group in the time domain. In the frequency domain, we found differences between the groups in the distribution of energy in the frequency bands analyzed. In addition, we observed the existence of an interaction effect of the group and the condition tested (p < 0.001). These findings show that in the absence of visual information, the control group increases the energy at low frequencies, while the group with Down syndrome decreases it. Additionally, the lower amount of energy observed in this band under the 'eyes closed' condition may serve to identify abnormalities in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus of individuals with Down syndrome and/or difficulties experienced by these individuals in extracting relevant information from this route

Structural and functional features of glutathione reductase transcripts from olive (Olea europaea L.) seeds

The olive seed is a promising by product generated in the olive oil related industries, with increasing interest because of its nutritional value and potential nutraceutical properties. Knowledge concerning the antioxidant capacity of this new alimentary material is scarce. Moreover, oxidative homeostasis and signaling involved physiological processes such as development, dormancy and germination in the olive seed are also unknown. Glutathione (one of the most abundant antioxidants in plant cells), is crucial for seeds physiology, and for defense and detoxification mechanisms. The availability of glutathione in its reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, the ratio of both forms (GSH/GSSG), and their concurrence in other numerous metabolic pathways is tightly regulated by numerous enzymes. Prominent among these enzymes is glutathione reductase (GR), which has been considered essential for seedling growth and development. The present work aims to increase the knowledge about the functional insights of GR in olive seeds. Searching in the olive transcriptome, at least 19 GR homologues (10 from seed and 9 from vegetative tissue) were identified and retrieved. An in silico analysis was carried out, which included phylogeny, 3-D modelling of the N-terminus, and the prediction of cellular localization and post-translational modifications (PTM) for these gene products. The high variability of forms detected for this enzyme in olive seeds and their susceptibility to numerous PTMs suggest a relevant role for this enzyme in redox metabolism and signalling events.This work was supported by ERDF-cofunded projects BFU2016-77243-P and RTC-2017-6654-2. EGQ thanks MINECO for FPI grant