Taxonomic, structural diversity and carbon stocks in a gradient of island forests

Assessment of forest ecosystems and their services is seen as a key action for the advancement of biodiversity objectives, and to inform the development and implementation of related policies and planning. The Azorean forest is important for timber production, the protection of soil and water resources, and for its recreational and aesthetic value. However, its role in carbon accumulation has not been fully addressed. We assessed plant diversity, forest structure and carbon stocks in a gradient of three forest types (Natural Forest-NF; Exotic Woodland-EW and Production Forest-PF) in three of the Azores islands. We used biodiversity indices and found that NF harboured the highest plant diversity levels and PF the lowest. Diversity levels were lower for structural than for taxonomic data, particularly for PF. The highest tree carbon stock was found at EW in one of the islands, while PF consistently exhibited relatively high tree carbon stocks in the three islands. The largest soil carbon stocks were found at EW, while leaf litter carbon stocks were higher at PF. We concluded that NF play a fundamental role as plant diversity hotspots but have lower relevance as carbon stocks what might be associated with montane environmental conditions. PFs provide economic assets and act as carbon sinks, while EWs play a major role as carbon sinks in soil, but also at tree level in the oldest forests.This research was funded by Project FOREST-ECO2-Towards an Ecological and economic valorization of the Azorean Forest ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000014-Azores 2020 PO, 2016-2019; FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors-COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under the UID/BIA/50027/2019 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Saneamento básico e saúde pública: uma análise dos níveis de Nitrato da água consumida pela população do bairro Pajuçara – Natal/RN

Objetiva-se com essa discussão analisar os níveis de Nitrato da água consumida pela população do bairro Pajuçara, levando em consideração as formas de esgotamento sanitário usadas pelas pessoas que habitam nessa localidade. Para se fazer essa análise, além de uma discussão teórica sobre o assunto, foi produzido um mapa sobre os níveis de Nitrato existente na água consumida pela população, com base no método de Krigagem. Adicionou-se também a essa cartografia, informações de esgotamento básico e poços tubulares do bairro. Constatou-se nessa análise, que grande parte do bairro está consumindo água com níveis de nitrato acima do permitido pela Resoluçã CONAMA 357, o que pode está associado a localização dos poços de água que está em áreas cuja a forma de tratamento do esgoto se dá através de fossas sépticas e rudimentares

PERCEPTIONS OF POSTPARTUM WOMEN ABOUT EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES DEVELOPED IN A NORMAL BIRTH CENTER: A DESCRIPTIVE-EXPLORATORY STUDY

Objective: to understand the meanings of postpartum women about the educational practices developed in a Normal Birth Center.Method: descriptive-exploratory study, of qualitative approach, with 15 postpartum women assisted at the Haydeê Pereira Sena Normal Childbirth Center, in the metropolitan region of Pará, Brazil. Semi structured interviews were used from August to November 2020. Data were transcribed and submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality.Results: it was found that the activities developed by the nurse midwives promote a link to the visibility of the site as a service that seeks to welcome and support women, ensuring greater tranquility, confidence, and respect at the time of birth.Conclusion: the results translate the need to encourage educational practices to ensure rights and respect for women, such as quality assistance, a welcoming environment, aggregating tranquility, and confidence for normal birth. Thus, it contributes effectively to the practice of obstetric nursing with direct impact on the care of women and families

Fotossíntese e potencial hídrico foliar de plantas jovens de andiroba submetidas à deficiência hídrica e à reidratação

The objective of this work was to investigate the photosynthetic performance of young andiroba plants (Carapa guianensis) submitted to water stress and rewetting. The plants were irrigated daily in greenhouse conditions for 15 days. After acclimatization, the plants were separated randomly in two treatments, irrigated and non-irrigated plants. When the photosynthesis of the non-irrigated plants reached values close to zero, the plants were rewetted. Measurements of gas exchanges and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded on seven-day intervals, during 21 days. Plant water potentials were determined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were reduced by 88, 89, and 89%, respectively, after 21 days of water stress. In relation to chlorophyll a, fluorescence variables were reduced 27 to 58%. The plant water potential was reduced more than four times by 21 days of stress. With rewetting, seedlings recovered their photosynthetic characteristics in four to eight days as well as their water potential, indicating that young andiroba plants exhibited high physiological plasticity to water stress. © 2009 Embrapa Informação Tecnológica

Photosynthesis and water potential of andiroba seedlings submitted to water stress and rewetting

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o desempenho fotossintético de plantas jovens de andiroba (Carapa guianensis), submetidas à deficiência hídrica e à reidratação. As plantas foram irrigadas diariamente, em casa de vegetação, durante 15 dias. Após aclimatação, as plantas foram separadas em dois tratamentos: plantas irrigadas e não irrigadas. Quando a resposta fotossintética das plantas não irrigadas alcançou valores próximos a zero, as plantas foram reidratadas. A cada sete dias, durante 21 dias, foram realizadas as determinações das trocas gasosas e da fluorescência da clorofila a. O potencial hídrico foliar foi determinado no início e no fim do experimento. As taxas de fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática e transpiração se reduziram em 88, 89 e 89%, respectivamente, após 21 dias de supressão da irrigação. Quanto às variáveis da fluorescência da clorofila a, observaram-se reduções de 27 a 58%. O potencial hídrico foliar das plantas foi reduzido em mais de quatro vezes, após 21 dias de deficiência hídrica. De quatro a oito dias após a reidratação, as plantas recuperaram as características fotossintéticas e o potencial hídrico foliar, o que indica que plantas jovens de andiroba apresentaram alta plasticidade fisiológica em relação ao estresse hídrico.The objective of this work was to investigate the photosynthetic performance of young andiroba plants (Carapa guianensis) submitted to water stress and rewetting. The plants were irrigated daily in greenhouse conditions for 15 days. After acclimatization, the plants were separated randomly in two treatments, irrigated and non-irrigated plants. When the photosynthesis of the non-irrigated plants reached values close to zero, the plants were rewetted. Measurements of gas exchanges and chlorophyll a fluorescence were recorded on seven-day intervals, during 21 days. Plant water potentials were determined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were reduced by 88, 89, and 89%, respectively, after 21 days of water stress. In relation to chlorophyll a, fluorescence variables were reduced 27 to 58%. The plant water potential was reduced more than four times by 21 days of stress. With rewetting, seedlings recovered their photosynthetic characteristics in four to eight days as well as their water potential, indicating that young andiroba plants exhibited high physiological plasticity to water stress

Manejo de Sagittaria montevidensis resistente aos mecanismos de ação da ALS e do FSII com saflufenacil associado a diferentes adjuvantes

This study aimed at evaluating the effective rates of saflufenacil and adjuvants for controlling Sagittaria montevidensis (sagitaria) populations resistant to ALS and photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor herbicides, and phytotoxicity to the Epagri 108 rice cultivar. Two biotypes of sagitaria (SAGMO) were tested: SAGMO 10 – with cross resistance to ALS inhibitor herbicides, and SAGMO 32 - with multiple resistance to ALS and PSII inhibitor herbicides. Treatments consisted of three different saflufenacil rates: 75; 112.5 and 150 g a.i. ha-1 with the addition of adjuvants Dash HC® (0.5% v/v); Assist® (1% v/v); Iharaguen-S® (0.5% v/v) or Veget’Oil® (1 L ha-1). Evaluation focused on arrowhead control, phytotoxicity and shoot dry weight (DMAP) of the Epagri 108 rice cultivar. The saflufenacil rates of 75 to 150 g a.i. ha-1 did not provide efficient control for both sagitaria biotypes. Addition of the adjuvants Veget’Oil®, Assist® or Iharaguen-S® to saflufenacil did not alter the control efficiency of herbicide resistant sagitaria populations. The Epagri 108 cultivar presented selectivity to saflufenacil until 150 g a.i. ha-1, without reducing DMAP. The phytotoxicity caused by saflufenacil, to the rice plants was minimal with the addition of Veget’Oil®. Rice plants shoot dry matter was not affected, regardless of the adjuvant used. Saflufenacil can be used until the rate of 150 g a.i. ha-1 associated with adjuvant Veget’Oil® for the management of sagitaria in rice fields, but it does not provide adequate control of biotypes SAGMO 10 and SAGMO 32.Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de saflufenacil e de adjuvantes no controle de sagitária resistente aos herbicidas inibidores de ALS e do Fotossistema II (FS II), e a fitotoxicidade a cultivar de arroz Epagri 108. Foram utilizados os biótipos de sagitária (Sagittaria montevidensis), SAGMO 10 - com resistência cruzada a herbicidas inibidores da ALS, e SAGMO 32 - com resistência múltipla a herbicidas inibidores da ALS e do FS II. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da aplicação de doses de saflufenacil: 75; 112,5 e 150 g i.a. ha-1; da adição dos adjuvantes Dash HC® (0,5% v/v); Assist® (1% v/v); Iharaguen-S® (0,5% v/v) e Veget’Oil® (1 L ha-1) para cada dose do herbicida aplicado nos biótipos de sagitária. Avaliou-se o controle da sagitária, a fitotoxicidade e a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) do arroz. O saflufenacil, nas doses de 75 a 150 g i.a. ha-1 não proporcionou controle eficiente dos biótipos de sagitária. A adição dos adjuvantes Veget’Oil®, Assist® e Iharaguen-S® ao saflufenacil não alterou a eficiência de controle de sagitária resistente a herbicidas. A cultivar Epagri 108 apresenta tolerância ao saflufenacil até 150 g i.a. ha-1, não ocorrendo redução da MSPA. A fitotoxicidade ocasionada às plantas de arroz pelo saflufenacil é menor ao se adicionar o Veget’Oil®. A massa seca das plantas do arrroz não foi afetada independente do adjuvante utilizado. O saflufenacil pode ser usado, até a dose de 150 g i.a. ha-1, associado ao adjuvante Veget’Oil® para o manejo de sagitária infestante do arroz cultivar Epagri 108, porém não proporciona controle adequado dos biótipos SAGMO 10 e SAGMO 32

A iniciação à docência na formação de professores de Química: um olhar sobre o PIBID a partir de alunos bolsistas

This study focuses on the Institutional Program for Teaching Initiation Scholarships (PIBID) in the context of the training of Chemistry teachers. Although it does not include all students in teacher education courses, the program has its value in fostering the approach of higher education institutions to basic education schools. In this sense, we aim to analyze the perceptions of scholarship holders of a Chemistry subproject of a Federal Institution of Higher Education, located in the interior of Ceará, regarding the contributions of the program to their initial formation. The data were generated with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, analyzed based on the meaning of the answers. The impacts of the program for the training of future Chemistry teachers are revealed as they are inserted in the school space that requires them to develop skills to deal with the dynamics of teaching work.Este estudo se debruça sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) no contexto da formação de professores de Química. Ainda que não contemple todos os alunos dos cursos de licenciatura, o programa tem seu valor ao fomentar a aproximação das instituições de ensino superior às escolas de educação básica. Nesse sentido, objetivamos analisar as percepções de bolsistas de um subprojeto de Química de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior, localizada no interior do Ceará, quanto às contribuições do programa para sua formação inicial. Os dados foram gerados com a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, analisados com base na significação das respostas. São revelados os impactos do programa para a formação dos futuros professores de Química à medida em que são inseridos no espaço escolar que requer deles o desenvolvimento de habilidades para lidar com a dinâmica do trabalho docente

Volatility of clomazone formulations under field conditions

A volatilização representa um processo importante no deslocamento de agrotóxicos para o ambiente. As características físico-químicas da molécula do clomazone indicam potencial de volatilidade. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a volatilização de três formulações de clomazone em condições de campo por meio de plantas bioindicadoras com o uso de tuneis de vento. Túneis de polietileno transparente foram alocados sobre a cultura do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), onde as formulações do herbicida foram aplicadas no centro destes. O experimento foi arranjado em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas pelas diferentes formulações do herbicida: Gamit 360 CS®, Gamit 500 EC® e Gamit Star®, além da testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. As subparcelas foram caracterizadas pelas distâncias em relação ao local de aplicação: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 metros a favor e contra a direção predominante do vento. Foi então realizada avaliação de toxicidade em diferentes dias nas plantas de sorgo após a aplicação dos herbicidas. Os sintomas de todas as formulações foram mais intensos nas plantas próximas do local da aplicação, sendo esses ainda mais acentuados ao longo da linha onde a direção do vento foi predominante. No geral, independente da distância, o Gamit 360 CS® causou menor toxicidade a bioindicadora. Conclui-se que dentre as formulações avaliadas, Gamit 360 CS® apresenta menor volatilização e consequentemente menor é o risco de contaminações de culturas vizinhas e do ambiente. As outras duas formulações possuem maior potencial de volatilização.Volatilization plays an important role in the process of herbicide dispersion in the environment. The physicochemical characteristics of the clomazone molecule indicate its volatility potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the volatilization rate of three clomazone formulations under field conditions using indicator plants and wind tunnels. Transparent polyethylene tunnels were placed on a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) field parallel to the prevalent wind direction, and the herbicide formulations were applied in plastic trays containing 10 kg of sieved soil and placed at the center of the tunnel. The experiment was arranged in a slip-plot design with four replications. The main plots were represented by different formulations of the herbicides: Gamit 360 CS®, Gamit 500 EC® and Gamit Star®, and control plots without herbicide application. The sub-plots represented the distances from the application site: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 meters. Herbicide injury in sorghum was then assessed at different days after application. The symptoms of all formulations were more intense in the plants that were closer to the application site, and were even more severe in the prevailing wind direction. In general, regardless of the application distance, Gamit 360 CS® caused less injury to the sorghum. It is concluded that among the formulations assessed, Gamit 360 CS® has a lower volatilization rate and, consequently, lower contamination risk of neighboring crops and the environment. The other two formulations have higher volatility potential

Emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de soja em diferentes profundidades de semeadura / Emergence and initial development of soybean seedlings at different sowing depths

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos de diferentes profundidades de semeadura sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento inicial de cinco  cultivares de soja. Empregou-se o esquema fatorial 5x5, no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, sendo 5 profundidades de semeadura (1, 2, 4, 6 e 8 cm) e cultivares de soja (Brasmax Zeus, Brasmax Desafio, Brasmax Foco, Brasmax Fibra e NA5909RG). Constatou-se que a semeadura a 2 cm de profundidade é a mais indicada para as cultivares avaliadas e quando superior a 4 cm afeta negativamente a emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de plântula aos 8 e 21 dias após semeadura e massa seca da parte aérea e  sistema radicular