Intentions for professional realization for midwife interns from the Medical university of Varna

AIM: The aim of this paper is to observe the motivation when choosing the Midwife program and the intention for professional development of midwife interns at the Medical University of Varna.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methods used were:- Sociological method - a survey, involving midwife interns at the Medical University of Varna, graduated in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 (75 individuals);- Documentary method - analysis of appropriate literature and academic documentation.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The majority of the respondents had enrolled in the Midwife program by their own choice. Midwife interns consider that they have gained the theoretical and practical knowledge needed for a solid start in the profession. While in training at the Medical University of Varna, the students have de­termined that education and self-development in the field are the key for a successful professional realization. Students show the intention to participate in various forms of ongoing and continuous trainings, which is a se­rious commitment to public health and the profession itself.CONCLUSIONS: The university degree is not just a goal for young people, but also a well-determined choice and self-commitment to society. Midwives are specialists in their own field of expertise and in their range of activities when providing care for female reproductive health

AWARENESS OF PARENTS REGARDING NEONATAL SCREENING

According to the World Health Organization, screening refers to the systematic application of research to identify patients at risk of developing a specific disease. The goal is to detect it at the earliest stage before its clinical manifestation. Screening tests are non-invasive and relatively easy to administer, without putting the child's health at risk. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyze parents' awareness of mandatory screening programs applied in the neonatal period. Material and metods: A survey was conducted among parents through an individual survey in April and May 2023. Used methods – documentary, sociological, statistical and graphic processing of the results. The results of the conducted survey indicate that more than half of the respondents (68%) are familiar with the concept of "screening". Parents consider effective the implementation of hearing screening of the newborn after birth (80%) and support the introduction of other screening programs in the Neonatal Department (72%)

Midwives coping with stress

Professional stress can be defined as an emotional, cognitive, behavioural and psychological reaction to nega­tive and unfavourable aspects related to the nature of the work. This reaction affects the whole organism and its environment, can become a permanent condition and is characterised by a high degree of suffering, and often with a sense of impasse. According to NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), occupational stress is a combination of negative physical and emotional responses that occur when there is a mismatch between job requirements and capabilities, resources or needs of the worker.AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the ability of midwives working in the St. Anna University Hospital and SHOGAT `Prof. Dr. D. Stamatov`, Varna, to cope with stress arising from the job environment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied the opinion of working midwives from St. Anna University Hospital and SHOGAT „Prof. Dr. D. Stamatov` - Varna. The survey was conducted in June 2016. The methods we used were: documentary, statistical - questionnaire, graphic analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The answer of the respondents indicates an increased workload, which can be a source of stress. Increased physical overload and emotional exhaustion in the workplace are a prerequisite for the emergence of stress. The accumulated fatigue and inadequate rest decrease the ability to work and are a prerequisite for the occurrence of stress among working midwives. Many midwives work a second job or have family (other) obligations that prevent them from getting adequate rest. It is noteworthy to mention that more than half of the midwives choose their relatives and friends to share the emotions experienced during the day.CONCLUSIONS:1. Increased physical overload and emotional exhaustion in the workplace are a prerequisite for the emergence of stress.2. The accumulated fatigue and inadequate rest decrease the ability to work and are a prerequisite for the occurrence of stress among working midwives.3. Stress is the cause of discomfort among midwives.4. Respondents choose to share with family and friends to overcome stress

The Opinion Of Third-Year Students The Midwife Program Of The Medical University Of Varna On The Practical Preparation During Their Training

Увод:Акушерството е трудна професия, изискваща интелигентност, бърза мисъл, практически умения и учене през целия живот (1).Студентите от специалност „Акушерка” получават теоретична и клинична подготовка в своя четиригодишен курс на обучение, която отговаря на ЕДИ. Теоретичната подготовка се осъществява чрез задължителни, избираеми и факултативни учебни дисциплини. Клиничната подготовка се осъществява чрез клинична практика и преддипломен стаж. По време на клиничната подготовка студентите извършват дейности под ръководството и наблюдението на преподавател по практика и/или правоспособна акушерка. (2)Материал и методи: Използвани са:Социологически метод, като са анкетирани индивидуално и анонимно всички 28 студентки от 3 курс специалност „Акушерка” на МУ-Варна през юни 2018 г.Документален метод, като са анализирани литературни източници, разглеждащи предмета на настоящото изследване.Статистически метод, използван при анализ на резултатите от собственото проучване.Резултати и обсъждане: От отговорите на студентите установихме, че голям процент (78,57%) са доволни от базите за клинична практика на МУ-Варна. Също толкова мислят, че на клинична практика получават достатъчно знания и умения. Според 89,28% от студентите за практическото им обучение голямо значение има преподавателят, който води клинична практиката.Изводи: Воденето на клиничната практика и клиничните бази на МУ-Варна за специалност „Акушерка” покриват голяма част от очакванията на студентите. Според анкетираните е необходимо подобряване на отношението на персонала в отделенията към тях.INTRODUCTION: Being a midwife is a difficult profession requiring intelligence, quick thinking, practical skills and lifelong learning.Students from the Midwife program receive a theoretical and clinical training in their four-year training course that meets the Unified State Requirements. Theoretical training is done through compulsory, elective and facultative subjects. Clinical training is conducted through clinical practice and pre-graduate practice. During clinical preparation, students undertake activities under the guidance and supervision of a practicing lecturer and/or a qualified midwife. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sociological method was used, and 28 third-year students from the Midwife program at the Medical University of Varna were interviewed individually and anonymously in June 2018.A documentary method analyzing literary sources dealing with the subject of this study was applied.A statistical method was used to analyze the results of the own study.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: From the answers of the students, we found that a large percentage (78.57%) were satisfied with the clinical practice bases of the Medical University of Varna. They also thought that they had enough knowledge and skills in terms of clinical practice. According to 89.28% of the students for their practical training, the lecturer who led the clinical practice was of great importance.CONCLUSION: The clinical practice and clinical bases at the Medical University of Varna for the Midwife program fulfil the majority of the expectations of the students. According to respondents, it is necessary for the attitude of the staff in the wards toward them to be improved

Caesarean or vaginal delivery - the choice of pregnant women through the eyes of 3rd-year students from the midwife program at the medical university of Varna

There has been a clear trend towards an increasing number of Caesarean sections in the recent years. A certain percentage of these surgical births have no clear medical indications and are solely attributable to the prefer­ence of the patients to give birth this way.The aim of this investigation is to reveal the causes for choosing a method of giving birth of pregnant women in two maternity wards in Varna, through the eyes of 3rd-year students from the Midwife program at the Med­ical University of Varna.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research included 26 3rd-year students from the Midwife program at the Medical University of Varna, who have done clinical practice in maternity wards in Varna during their ed­ucation. The applied methods were: documental, statistical, and sociological.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Data acquired from the quality and quantity analysis determined that the students observed an increase in the rate of pregnant women wishing to give birth naturally - per vias natura­les - 62%. Nevertheless, surgical delivery keeps high percentage 69%. According to students, the reason is that women who have decided to give birth naturally change their mind when the birth process begins, frightened from the pain and in a moment of uncertainty.CONCLUSION: The way a delivery is conducted, when there are no medical indications, is highly dependent of the staff at the ward.Informed choice and trust in doctors and midwifes are crucial for the type of the delivery

Pre-graduate traineeship in the Midwife program at the Medical University of Varna. Expectation and reality

Въведение: Преддипломният стаж в специалност „Акушерка` на МУ-Варна протича под формата на клинична практика в продължение на 4 години, 1600 часа, разпределени в 10 отделения на учебно практически бази. Обикновено студентите имат очаквания относно протичане на стажа, тъй като по време на клинична практика са посещавали учебно практическите бази и са запознати с естеството и ритъма на работа. Невинаги тези очаквания съвпадат с реалността, както се вижда от проведеното проучване. Цел: Да се проучат очакванията на стажант акушерките относно протичане на преддипломния стаж. Материал и методи: Проучено е мнението на студенти ІV курс от спец. „Акушерка` на МУ-Варна (27) чрез пряка индивидуална анкета през м. юли 2017 г. Използвани методи - документален, статистически - анкетен, графичен анализ. Резултати и обсъждане: Повечето от студентите считат, че по време на преддипломния стаж са усъвършенствани своите практически умения и са упражнили манипулативна техника (74.1%). Студентите твърдят, че са усетили дискомфорта на разминаване на теория и практика (70.4%). Те са убедени, че са имали възможност редовно да упражняват манипулации (88.9%) и се чувстват подготвени за започване на работа (77.8%). Изводи: От проведеното проучване може да заключим, че има съвпадение в очакванията на студентите относно протичане на преддипломния стаж. Студентите са надградили усвоените знания и умения.Introduction: The pre-graduate traineeship in the Midwife program at the Medical University of Varna takes place in a real working environment. It has a duration of 1600 hours, distributed in 10 sectors of train-ing and practice bases. Normally, students have expectations of the internship as they have attended the practical training bases and are familiar with the nature and rhythm of work, on the one hand, and on the other hand they are more self-reliant during the pre-graduate practice and have the opportunity to discover gaps in their training that must be filled. Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine the expectations of the midwives of the organization of the pre-graduate traineeship. Materials and Methods: Students` opinion has been studied among the seniors from the Midwife program at the Medical University of Varna (27) through an individual inquiry card during the month of July, 2017. The methods used were as follows: documentary, statistical based on the inquiry, graphical analysis. Results and Discussion: Most of the students believe that during their pre-graduate internship they have improved their practical skills and practiced treatment technique (74.1%). A significant proportion of them think that they felt discomfort from the divergence of theory and practice (70.4%). Students are convinced that they had the opportunity to regularly exercise treatment techniques (88.9%) and feel ready to start work (77.8%). Conclusion: From the survey we can conclude that in half of the students there is a match between the expectations and the actual course of the pre-graduation traineeship. Students have upgraded their knowledge and skills

Gynecological Health - Conscious Care For The Interns From The Midwife Program Of The Medical University Of Varna

УВОД: В периода на обучение бъдещите акушерки изучават задълбочено широк кръг от дисциплини, свързани с гинекологичното здраве на момичето и жената (1). В този процес се преплита и информацията, която достига до всички нас от медии и други места. Като бъдещи специалисти те се научават да интерпретират този информационен поток и да са грамотни по отношение на медицински проблеми (2). Нашето проучване е насочено към практическата грижа, която студентите оказват в края на обучението си за своето гинекологично здраве.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДИ: Използван е социологически метод, като са анкетирани индивидуално и анонимно всички завършващи 28 стажант-акушерки през 2017 г. на МУ-Варна.Документален метод, като са анализирани литературни източници, разглеждащи предмета на настоящото изследване.Статистически метод, използван при анализ на резултатите от собственото проучване.РЕЗУЛТАТИ И ОБСЪЖДАНЕ: Голям процент от студентите (72%) са запознати с методите за откриване на отклонения в гинекологичното здраве. От анкетираните 75% посещават активно гинеколог и си правят профилактична цитонамазка. Училището е мястото, където 64% от бъдещите акушерки са получили необходимата информация за това.ИЗВОДИ: Към момента на проучването завършващите акушерки са готови да се грижат за собственото си гинекологично здраве, както и да бъдат полезни за своите близки и пациентки. Почти единодушни са в отговорите си за необходима промяна на отговорностите относно гинекологичните изследвания.INTRODUCTION: During the training period, prospective midwives study a wide range of disciplines related to the gynecological health of the girl and the woman. This process intertwines the information that reaches all of us from the media and other places. As future specialists they learn to interpret this information flow and to be knowledgeable about medical problems. Our study focuses on the practical care that students provide at the end of their training for their gynecological health.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sociological method was used, with an individual and anonymous interview of all 28 students graduating  from the Midwife program in 2017 at the Medical University of Varna.A documentary method, analyzing literary sources dealing with the subject of this study was applied as well as a statistical method used to analyze the results of the own study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A large percentage of students (72%) are familiar with the methods of detecting disorders in gynecological health. Of those surveyed, 75% visit a gynecologist regularly and have a prophylactic pap smear. The school is the place where 64% of future midwives have received the necessary information about it.CONCLUSION: At the time of the study, midwives are ready to take care of their own gynecological health and be useful for their relatives and patients. They are almost unanimous in their responses on the necessary change in responsibilities for gynecological examinations

Attitudes Of Midwives From Northeastern Bulgaria For Discovering Independent Obstetrics Practices

In recent years we have witnessed many organized conferences and meetings where health professionals try to offer improvements in the quality of health services.\ \ The information vacuum in which young mothers find themselves after birth requires the organization of paid courses by private individuals to meet this natural need. Many non-governmental organizations and associations have been established with the main mission - imposing a mandatory standard and protocols for good medical practice and health care.The aim of the present study is to establish the attitudes and readiness of midwives from northeastern Bulgaria to open independent obstetric practices.A sociological method was used, as 94 midwives from the Maternity Wards and the wards / sectors of Pathology of Pregnancy in regional cities of northeastern Bulgaria were interviewed individually and anonymously.Documentary method, analyzing literature sources examining the subject of the present study.Statistical method used in the analysis of the results of our own research.Midwives from northeastern Bulgaria, working in maternity wards, almost categorically (95%) answered that there is currently a need to optimize obstetric care after childbirth. They answer the question of introducing patronage obstetric care even more categorically - 98% support this idea. Significantly high percentage - 86% of respondents are willing to provide obstetric care in the mother's home. Almost half of the surveyed midwives - 47% answered that they need additional training to perform home care.Conclusions:1. Midwives want the restoration of patronage obstetric care.2. Midwives are willing to perform such activities.3. Midwives want to get involved in independent obstetric practices

Genetic diversity as a paramount factor determining wheat adaptation to drought stress

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a globally important crop for food and nutritional security that requires sufficient water supply for optimal production. All stages of wheat growth and development are adversely affected by reduced water supply, which limit productivity across large areas of Central and Southern Europe. Since drought episodes are expected to occur more frequently and with a greater intensity, the research efforts are devoted to identification of key traits associated with drought resistance that could be used as direct and indirect selection criteria for wheat drought tolerance. We evaluated and quantified several key genetic and molecular features of wheat genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance under severe dehydration triggered by the treatment of wheat with 250 mM sorbitol in hydroponic systems. Plant status was evaluated non-destructively by measuring leaf chlorophyll index, nitrogen content, and leaf relative water content. The drought-tolerant genotype displayed higher chlorophyll and nitrogen content, when grown under drought and benign conditions. Since root architecture appears to be a key trait for breeding against dehydration, we analysed the members of the DEEPER ROOTING (DRO) gene family that allow the root to penetrate deeper into soil, which could increase the yield even upon water shortage. Expression patterns of the DRO members showed genotype-specific changes under drought stress, which correlated well with plant drought tolerance. Our experiments suggest that genes affecting root system architecture could contribute to development of wheat cultivars with higher drought adaptability

Exploring the Genotype-Dependent Toolbox of Wheat under Drought Stress

Drought stress imposes substantial constraints on the growth and production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a globally important cereal crop essential for food security. To mitigate these adverse effects, researchers are intensifying their efforts to comprehend how different genotypes respond to drought stress, aiding in the development of sustainable breeding and management strategies. This review summarizes past and recent research on genotype-dependent responses of wheat plants to drought stress, encompassing morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, genetic, and epigenetic reactions. Screening drought-affected features at early developmental stages can provide valuable insights into the late growth stages that are closely linked to plant productivity. This review underscores the importance of identifying traits associated with drought resistance, and the potential of leveraging wheat diversity to select cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics. It also highlights recent advancements in investigating Bulgarian wheat genotypes with varying levels of drought tolerance, specifically in detecting essential features contributing to drought tolerance. Cultivating drought-resistant wheat genotypes and understanding stress stability determinants could markedly contribute to enhancing wheat production and ensuring stable yields under changing climate conditions