Serbian Landowners in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia the Case of Bogdan Dunđerski

Originally from Herzegovina, the Dunđerski family moved to south Hungary, present-day Serbia's province of Vojvodina, in the seventeenth century. From the 1820s the family's progress was marked by the enlargement of their landed property. In the early twentieth century the family owned or rented about 26,473 ha of land in Vojvodina. Bogdan Dunđerski (1860-1943), the third generation landowner, was brought up in a mixture of different traditions including the ethic of Serb highlanders of Herzegovina, central-European middle classes and Hungarian nobility. A wealthy landowner, Serb patriot and benefactor, whose political role in the Second World War remains controversial, described himself as: Serb, Christian Orthodox, landowner

Pollen analyses of Pleistocene hyaena coprolites from Montenegro and Serbia

The results of pollen analyses of hyaena coprolites from the Early Pleistocene cave of Trlica in northern Montenegro and the Late Pleistocene cave of Baranica in southeast Serbia are described. The Early Pleistocene Pachycrocuta brevirostris, and the Late Pleistocene Crocuta spelaea are coprolite-producing species. Although the pollen concentration was rather low, the presented analyses add considerably to the much-needed knowledge of the vegetation of the central Balkans during the Pleistocene. Pollen extracted from a coprolite from the Baranica cave indicates an open landscape with the presence of steppe taxa, which is in accordance with the recorded conditions and faunal remains. Pollen analysis of the Early Pleistocene samples from Trlica indicate fresh and temperate humid climatic conditions, as well as the co-existence of several biotopes which formed a mosaic landscape in the vicinity of the cave

Spondylus and Glycymeris bracelets: trade reflections at Neolithic Vinča-Belo Brdo

In the provision, production and exchange of prestigious items and materials in prehistoric Europe, marine shell ornaments play important role. The marine shell collection at the Vinča-Belo Brdo site is the largest in the central and northern Balkans. More than 300 ornament items manufactured from marine shells have been collected since the first excavations in 1908 up until the most recent campaign. The majority of ornaments were made using recent shells that were obtained through trade with contemporaneous Neolithic communities; few ornaments were made of fossil bivalve shells. Bracelets were the most common type. Two bivalve genera, Spondylus and Glycymeris, were used in their production. These are easily recognizable when complete valves are compared, but difficult to distinguish in highly modified items where shell morphology is obscured. The defining characteristics for shell identification are presented, particularly to differentiate ornaments manufactured from the Spondylus and Glycymeris genera, as well as those made of recent and fossil shells. The possible exchange routes for these are discussed, as well as their diachronic distribution at the Vinča site.Okraski iz morskih školjk so igrali pomembno vlogo pri pripravi, izdelavi in menjavi prestižnih predmetov in materialov v prazgodovinski Evropi. Zbirka morskih školjk iz najdišča Vinča Belo Brdo je največja na centralnem in severnem Balkanu. Od prvih izkopavanj leta 1908, do danes so našli več kot 300 okrasnih predmetov, izdelanih iz morskih školjk. Večino okrasnih predmetov so izdelali iz recentnih školjk, ki so jih dobili z menjavo s sočasnimi neolitskimi skupnostmi, nekaj pa so jih izdelali iz fosilnih dvolupinskih školjk. Najpogostejše so bile zapestnice. Za njihovo izdelavo so uporabljali dva rodova školjk, Spondylus in Glycymeris. Te rodova sta lahko prepoznavna, če primerjamo cele lupine, težko pa ju razločujemo pri močno spremenjenih predmetih, kjer je školjčna morfologija nejasna. Predstavljamo ključne elemente, ki omogočajo razpoznavo školjk, iz katerih so izdelani okrasni predmeti. Analiziramo poti njihove menjave in diahronično distribucijo na najdišču Vinča

Animal and plant remains in a tomb in test-pit 1/05, outside the fortified imperial palace Felix Romuliana

Tokom iskopavanja grobnice iz perioda tetrahije (kraj 3./početak 4. veka) u neposrednoj blizini južnog bedema carske palate Felix Romuliana sakupljeni su ostaci životinja i biljaka. Životinjske kosti sakupljene su iz sloja koji je prekrivao grobnicu (označen kao sloj A) (tamno-mrka glinovita zemlja sa ostacima sitnijeg građevinskog šuta i fragmentima kasnoantičke srednjovekovne i recentne grnčarije, prosečne debljine oko 35 cm), iz sloja svetlo mrke zemlje ispod njega (označen kao sloj B), koji čini i ispunu grobnice van centralnog groba, zatim tokom iskopavanja centralnog groba u grobnici i dečjeg groba u istočnom uglu grobnice. Otkriveni su ostaci govečeta (Bos taurus), mule (Equus caballus x Equus asinus), ovce (Ovis aries), ovce ili koze (Ovis/Capra), svinje (Sus domesticus) i psa (Canis familiaris), malobrojni ostaci divljih životinja - jelena (Cervus elaphus) i lisice (Vulpes vulpes), kao i jedna kost ptice. Najbrojniji su ostaci govečeta. Zastupljene su najmanje dve jedinke. Na osnovu dužine metakarpusa izračunata je visina grebena od 131.2 cm prema indeksu koji je dao Matolcsi (1970: 113). Na osnovu ovoga se može pretpostaviti da ne pripada sitnijoj lokalnoj rasi, nasleđenoj iz gvozdenog doba, čiji se uzgoj na teritoriji Mezije može pretpostaviti na osnovu podataka iz susednih provincija, već krupnijoj rasi uvedenoj iz Italije. Kosti psa otkrivene su samo u centralnom grobu u grobnici. Pripadaju nekoj većoj rasi psa. I ostaci mule izgleda da su se primarno nalazili samo u centralnom grobu u grobnici. Radi se o većem broju fragmenata i izolovanih zuba koji svi potiču iz iste donje vilice. Starost jedinke kojoj je vilica pripadala je oko 3 godine. Mule, hibridi konja, bile su omiljene životinje u Rimskom svetu. Korišćene su za jahanje vuču pluga i kola, i za nošenje tereta (Clutton-Brock, 1987: 98). Ostaci mule nisu do sada bili otkriveni na nalazištima iz antičkog perioda sa teritorije Srbije. Na osnovu sastava faune i zastupljenosti različitih delova skeleta ne može se doći do pouzdanog odgovora na pitanje da li su sakupljene životinjske kosti u vezi sa pogrebnim ritualom koji se odvijao posle spaljivanja i polaganja ostataka pokojnika u grobnicu. S obzirom da su u slojevima A i B pronađeni delovi istih kostiju, može se zaključiti da su ovi slojevi formirani postdepoziciono, odnosno najverovatnije savremenom obradom zemlje da su životinjske kosti delom izmeštene iz prvobitnog konteksta, i da nepoznati deo uzorka nedostaje. Raznovrsnost ostataka ne govori u prilog hipotezi da su u pitanju obredni ostaci: zastupljeni su ostaci osam vrsta različitih životinja, dve divlje (jelen, lisica) i šest domaćih, od kojih su neke uobičajene stočne životinje gajene zbog mesa i drugih proizvoda (goveče ovca, svinja), a druge domaće životinje koje se primarno ne gaje zbog mesa već kao životinje za vuču i nošenje tereta (mula), ili kao ljubimac ili čuvar (pas). Kod pogrebnih rituala očekivali bismo manju raznovrsnost - ili ostatke životinja koji su prinošeni kao prilog u hrani, kao što su ostaci govečeta ovce i svinje, ili životinja vezanih za pokojnika, što bi mogle biti životinja koju je pokojnik jahao, kao mula, ili njegov sopstveni pas. Raznovrsnost zastupljenih delova skeleta takođe ne ukazuje na njihovu vezu sa pogrebnim obredom: zastupljeni su delovi vilica, odnosno zubi, i različiti delovi ekstremiteta, kako proksimalni delovi koji bi se mogli tumačiti kao ostaci ponuda u hrani (na primer proksimalni delovi butnih kostiju govečeta) tako i distalni delovi (metapodijalne kosti, karpalne i tarzalne i falange govečeta, svinje, i ovce ili koze). Međutim, nije isključena mogućnost da je deo ostataka životinja zaista u vezi sa ritualom koji se odvijao neposredno posle spaljivanja i polaganja ostataka pokojnika u grobnicu, i/ili ponovljenih obreda u znak sećanja na pokojnika, a da deo ostataka potiče iz kulturnog sloja van grobnice. Biljni ostaci izdvojeni su ručnom flotacijom uz korišćenje sita promera 0,25 mm, i pregledani pod binokularnom lupom uvećanja do 45 h. Iz pet uzoraka izdvojeno je ukupno 133 komada ugljenisanog drveta većeg od 1 cm. Najveći broj nalaza (93) čine ostaci jedne vrste hrasta (Quercus). Ostatak nalaza (40) pripisuje se jednoj vrsti javora (Acer). Raspodela nalaza u grobnici je neujednačena. U tri uzorka koji su izvađeni ispod 'plašta' humke u kojoj su se nalazili ostaci lomače (garež, ljudske i životinjske kosti, zlatna fibula) zastupljeni su ostaci oba roda drveća, sa tim da u njima dominira hrast. U grobnoj jami identifikovani su samo ostaci hrasta, dok su nalazi javora dominirali u uzorku koji potiče iz 'plašta' iznad humke. Sastav identifikovanih rodova drveća veoma dobro se uklapa u prirodno okruženje Gamzigrada. U jednom od dva uzorka iz unutrašnjosti grobnice, koji pripadaju naseobinskom sloju u koji je grobnica bila ukopana osim ostataka ugljenisanog drveta jedne vrste javora pronađeni su jedna ugljenisana semenka kulturne vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera) i jedan plodić lepuše broćike (Galium aparine L). U drugom uzorku konstatovani su samo ostaci jedne vrste hrasta.During the excavations of a tomb located outside the defence walls of the imperial palace, Felix Romuliana, animal and plant remains were collected the analysis of which is the subject of the present study. The faunal remains include the bones and teeth of domestic animals - mule (Equus caballus x Equus asinus), domestic ox (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), sheep or goat (Ovis/Capra), pig (Sus domesticus) and dog (Canis familiaris), a few remains of wild animals - red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fox (Vulpes vulpes), and bone of a bird. Until now, no remains of mule have been discovered on sites originating from the classical period at the territory of Serbia. As for plant remains, pieces of carbonized oak wood (Quercus) and maple wood (Acer) were found, as well as a carbonized seed of a cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera vinifera) and a tiny fruit of goosegrass (Galium aparine)

Becoming sedentary? The seasonality of food resource exploitation in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges

In this paper, we investigate whether the Mesolithic-Neolithic sites in the Danube Gorges were occupied seasonally or all year round by looking at animal skeletal remains. The hunting seasons of most important game animals have been determined on the basis of antler and teeth growth, supplemented by looking into the presence of migratory fish and birds. The patterns of food resource exploitation seem to indicate year-round occupation of the settlements, and suggest that a significant degree of sedentism existed in the Danube Gorges prior to, and independently of, the adoption of animal and plant husbandry.V članku na podlagi analize živalskih ostankov raziskujemo, ali so bila mezolitsko-neolitska najdišča na območju soteske Džerdap poseljena sezonsko ali čez celo leto. Na podlagi rasti rogovja in zob smo določili lovno sezono za najpomembnejšo divjad, podatke pa smo dopolnili z analizo selitve rib in ptic. Vzorci rabe raznih virov prehrane kažejo na celoletno poselitev na naselbinah; sklepamo tudi, da se je na območju Džerdapa delno sedentaren način življenja pojavil ločeno od in pred pojavom prvih domačih živali in kultiviranih rastlin

Marine shell hoard from the Late Neolithic site of Čepin-Ovčara (Slavonia, Croatia)

The focus of this paper is the ornament hoard from the Sopot culture site of Čepin-Ovčara in eastern Slavonia (the Republic of Croatia). The hoard contained pendants and beads made of shells of marine clam Spondylus gaederopus and scaphopod Antalis vulgaris. The paper analyses the context and use wear of the objects in the hoard. The results form a basis for: the reconstruction of the role of some of the items and the ways in which they were worn; the premise that the dynamics and mechanisms of acquisition of ornaments made of the two Mediterranean mollusc species could have differed; and the identification of a cross-cultural pattern of deposition of ornament hoards.V članku se osredotočamo na zakladno najdbo z nakitom iz časa sopotske kulture na najdišču Čepin-Ovčara v vzhodni Slavoniji (Republika Hrvaška). Depo vsebuje obeske in jagode, izdelane iz lupin morskih školjk vrste Spondylus gaederopus in polžkov vrste Antalis vulgaris. V članku analiziramo kontekste in sledove uporabe teh izdelkov. Rezultati nam nudijo osnovo za: rekonstrukcijo vloge nekaterih izdelkov in načinov nošenja nakita; premiso o različnih dinamikah in mehanizmih pridobivanja okrasov iz dveh sredozemskih vrst mehkužcev; in za prepoznavanje medkulturnih vzorcev odlaganja zakladnih najdb z nakitom

Vlasac revisited: formation processes, stratigraphy and dating

Since 2006, new excavations of the Mesolithic-Neolithic site of Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the north-central Balkans have been under way. Excavations made across the surviving preserved portion of the site provide a unique opportunity for a re-evaluation of previous conclusions about the stratigraphy, chronology and the character of occupation at this classic site of the Lepenski Vir culture. Our revision work is contributing to new knowledge about formation processes at the site, its absolute dating, complex interplay of different mortuary practices and the nature of Mesolithic-Neolithic transformation in the region as a whole. Some aspects of these research efforts are presented in the paper.Od leta 2006 potekajo nova izkopavanja na mezolitsko-neolitskem najdišču Vlasac v donavski soteski v severnem delu centralnega Balkana. Izkopavanja, omejena so na ohranjeni del najdišča, omogočajo ponovno presojo in reinterpretacijo stratigrafije, kronologije in poselitve klasičnega naselja kulture Lepenskega Vira. Naše delo omogoča nove pojasnitve procesov formiranja naselja, njegovo absolutno datiranje ter predstavitev kompleksnosti pogrebnih praks v kontekstu mezolitskoneolitske transformacije v regiji. V članku predstavljamo nekatere vidike in zaključke raziskovalnega dela

Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy

Background. Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is an episodic functional disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by the periods of torticollic posturing of the head, that occurs in the early months of life in healthy children. Case report. We reported two patients with BPT. In the first patient the symptoms were observed at the age of day 20, and disappeared at the age of 3 years. There were 10 episodes, of which 2 were followed by vomiting, pallor, irritability and the abnormal trunk posture. In the second patient, a 12-month-old girl, BPT started from day 15. She had 4 episodes followed by vomiting in the first year. Both girls had the normal psychomotor development. All diagnostical tests were normal. Conclusion. The recognition of BPT, as well as its clinical course may help to avoid not only unnecessary tests and the treatment, but also the anxiety of the parents

Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in breast carcinogenesis

The main objective of this presentation is to review current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms of Transforming Growth Factor-β1(TGF-ß1) action in breast carcinogenesis. In addition, our recent results will be presented on TGF-ß1 gene polymorphism and its relationship to TGF-ß1 secretion in breast cancer (BC) patients. Special focus will be made on potential clinical applicability of TGF-ß1 as a putative diagnostic, prognostic or predictive tool in BC detection and treatment. TGF-ß1 has a complex multifunctional profile, with tumor suppressive effects in early stages of breast carcinogenesis, but progressive dominance of tumor promoting effects with transition to more advanced malignant states. Clarification of molecular mechanisms that control parallel processing of these opposing TGF-ß1 activities might suggest new approaches for shifting the balance in favor of net tumor suppression. Now, a major challenge remains in more precisely defining TGF-ß1 signaling pathways and their cancer-related alterations. Current dogma views human tumorigenesis as a molecular disruption of normal physiology through genetic, epigenetic, or somatic alterations. The genetic model offers biological plausibility to epidemiological studies that link the TGF-ß1 gene polymorphism, at codon 10 due to Leu10Pro substitution in the signal peptide, with the risk of developing BC. The somatic mutations approach, provides an explanation for the TGF-ß1 overexpression in advanced BC through mutations acquired in the components of Smad-mediated TGF-ß1 signaling pathway. The available results indicate decreased TßRII (TGF-ß1 receptor-type II) expression, rare TßRII gene mutations, but no mutations in Smad2 and Smad4 genes, in advanced BC patients.

ENTREPRENEURIAL PEDAGOGY – ENTREPRENEURIAL KIDS

U Europskoj Uniji uvidjeli su kako je poticanje poduzetnosti, inovativnosti i kreativnosti cje¬lokupnog stanovništva ključni faktor povećanja gospodarske konkurentnosti s ostatkom svijeta. Ključni dio sveukupne strategije održivog rasta i razvoja Europske Unije nazvane „Europa 2020“, sadrži akcijski plan čiji cilj je oslobađanje poduzetničkog potencijala i ukla¬njanje postojećih prepreka razvoju poduzetništva i osnaživanje poduzetničke kulture Euro¬pe. Cjeloživotno učenje podrazumijeva unapređivanje znanja i vještine unutar naše osobne, društvene i poslovne perspektive. Poduzetništvo je jedna od ključnih kompetencija cjeloži¬votnog učenja koju je potrebno sustavno razvijati i kroz osnovnoškolski odgoj i obrazovanje. S obzirom da pedagogija kao znanost podrazumijeva skup znanja o metodama, sredstvima i principima odgoja i obrazovanja, ona treba uključiti poduzetnički aspekt pedagogije i de¬finira je, po mogućnosti, kao zasebnu disciplinu koja bi se bavila primjenom odgojno-obra¬zovnih metoda usmjerene razvijanju poduzetničkog duha od najranijeg uzrasta: „Poduzet¬nička pedagogija trebala bi biti znanstvena disciplina/grana unutar područja pedagogijske znanosti koja bi se bavila istraživanjem i implementacijom didaktičko-metodičkih modela u odgojno-obrazovne procese. Nacionalna strategija obrazovnog sustava Srbije prepoznala je poduzetništvo kao jednu od ključnih kompetencija cjeloživotnog učenja. Kroz različite projektne aktivnosti koje se odnose na razvoj vještina i unapređivanja znanja učenika pre¬poznat je značaj neophodne sustavne implementacije poduzetništva u školske programe na svim obrazovnim nivoima. Sustavno uključivanje poduzetničke kompetencije učenika osnovnih škola u školske kurikulume važan je faktor njegove implementacije. U Europskom projektu: „Poduzetnička pedagogija – poduzetna djeca” istražujemo mogući pristup k rea¬lizaciji ovog izazova.Encouraging entrepreneurship, innovation, and creativity of the entire population have come to be seen, in the European Union, as a key factor in boosting economic competi¬tiveness with the rest of the world. The key part of the overall strategy for sustainable growth and development of the European Union called ‘’Europe 2020’’, contains an action plan which aims to release the entrepreneurial potential and removal of existing obstac¬les to the development of the entrepreneurial culture in Europe. Lifelong learning implies improving the knowledge and skills within our personal, social, and business perspective. Entrepreneurship is one of the key competences of lifelong learning that needs to be sys¬tematically developed through primary school education. Given that pedagogy as a scien¬ce implies knowledge about methods, means, and principles of education and training, it should include the entrepreneurial aspect of pedagogy and defines it, preferably, as a separate discipline which would deal with the application of educational methods that aim to develop the entrepreneurial spirit from an early age: ‘’Entrepreneurial pedagogy should be a scientific discipline/branch within the field of pedagogical science which would research and implement didactic-methodical models into educational processes. National strategy of educational system in Serbia has recognized entrepreneurship as one of the key competences of lifelong learning. It has been recognized, through various project activities related to the development of skills and advancing knowledge of students, the importance of essential systematic implementation of entrepreneurship into curricula at all educatio¬nal levels. The systematic inclusion of entrepreneurial competence of elementary school students into school curricula is an essential factor of its implementation. In the European project ‘’Entrepreneurial pedagogy - entrepreneurial children’’ a possible approach towar¬ds the realization of this challenge is being researched