Variabilidad morfológica y molecular en genotipos de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) de tres orígenes geográficos diferentes

El algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ha perdido variabilidad debido a su proceso de domesticación. Por esta razón, es necesaria la caracterización molecular y fenotípica de nuevos materiales para los programas de mejoramiento genético de esta especie. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la variabilidad de 18 accesiones de tres orígenes geográficos Argentina, Estados Unidos y China por características genéticas y fenotípicas. Los materiales pertenecen al Banco de germoplasma de INTA y se utilizan en el programa de mejoramiento. Para el estudio genético se utilizaron 16 pares de oligonucleòtidos microsatélites. En la caracterización fenotípica se utilizaron variables asociadas al mapeo en dos campañas agrícolas (2015/2016 y 2016/2017) realizadas en el campo de INTA EEA Sáenz Peña. Los resultados genéticos mostraron valores medios/altos de polimorfismo (62,22%) y en el dendrograma se observaron dos grupos; uno representado por Stoneville 474 (Estados Unidos) y ocho genotipos de China y un segundo grupo formado por Deltapine 16 (Estados Unidos), los genotipos de Argentina y un genotipo de China. Los resultados fenotípicos en un análisis multivariado de Componentes Principales entre campañas agrícolas presentaron diferencias significativas, mientras que fueron no significativas entre los diferentes orígenes geográficos. Se concluye que existe uniformidad en los caracteres morfológicos en los tres orígenes geográficos y diferenciación genética a partir del análisis molecular siendo las accesiones BGSP 756, BGSP 767 y BGSP 783 de China las que presentaron mayores distancias con respecto a los materiales de Argentina y Estados Unidos; justificando la introducción de germoplasma de origen de China al programa de mejoramiento de INTA.Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has lost variability due to its domestication. For this reason, it is necessary to obtain the molecular and phenotypic characterization of new breeding materials for this species. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic and phenotypic variability of 18 accessions from Argentina, the United States, and China. The materials belong to the INTA (Argentina’s Agricultural Technology Institute) genebank and are used for breeding programs. Sixteen pairs of microsatellite oligonucleotides were used for the study. For the phenotypic characterization, variables associated with mapping were used in two cropping seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) in the INTA experimental field in Sáenz Peña, province of Chaco, Argentina. The genetic results showed medium/high values of polymorphism (62.22%), and the dendrogram showed two groups: one made up of Stoneville 474 (United States) and eight genotypes from China, and a second group made up of Deltapine 16 (United States), the genotypes from Argentina, and one genotype from China. The phenotypic results obtained through Principal Components Analysis showed significant differences between cropping seasons, while no significant differences were detected between geographical origins. The morphological characters of accessions from the three different geographical origins were similar. However, genetic differentiation was found between the microsatellites analyzed, with accessions BGSP 756, BGSP 767 and BGSP 783 from China exhibiting higher genetic distances than materials from both Argentina and the United States. Our results support the introduction of cotton germplasm from China for INTA's breeding program.O algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) perdeu variabilidade devido ao seu processo de domesticação. Por esta razão, a caracterização molecular e fenotípica de novos materiais é necessária para os programas de melhoramento genético desta espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a variabilidade de 18 acessos de três origens geográficas Argentina, Estados Unidos e China por características genéticas e fenotípicas. Os materiais pertencem ao Banco de Germoplasma do INTA e são utilizados no programa de melhoramento. Para o estudo genético, foram utilizados 16 pares de oligonucleotídeos microssatélites. Na caracterização fenotípica, foram utilizadas variáveis associadas ao mapeamento em duas campanhas agrícolas (2015/2016 e 2016/2017) realizadas no campo do INTA EEA Sáenz Peña. Os resultados genéticos mostraram valores de polimorfismo médio/alto (62,22%) e no dendrograma foram observados dois grupos; um representado por Stoneville 474 (Estados Unidos) e oito genótipos da China e um segundo grupo formado por Deltapine 16 (Estados Unidos), os genótipos da Argentina e um genótipo da China. Os resultados fenotípicos numa análise multivariada dos Componentes Principais entre campanhas agrícolas, apresentaram diferenças significativas, enquanto entre as diferentes origens geográficas não foram significativas. Conclui-se que existe uniformidade nos caracteres morfológicos nas três origens geográficas e diferenciação genética a partir da análise molecular, sendo os acessos BGSP 756, BGSP 767 e BGSP 783 da China os que apresentavam maiores distâncias em relação aos materiais da Argentina e dos Estados Unidos; justificando a introdução de germoplasma de origem chinesa no programa de melhoramento do INTA.EEA Sáenz PeñaFil: Klein, Lorena Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Etchart, Valeria Juliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Tcach, Mauricio Alfredo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Ariela Judith. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Tcach, Nydia Elisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Dileo, Pablo Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Spoljaric, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; Argentin

Circadian rhythm of hepatic cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptors

The distribution of estrogen receptor between the cytosolic and nuclear compartments were evaluated in liver of male rats to determine whether a circadian rhythm exists. Cytosolic receptor reached a maximum level at 400 hours and a minimum at 2000 and 2400 hr. Nuclear receptor reached a maximum level at 800 hr and was lowest at 1600 and 2000 hr. Serum estradiol levels were also highest at 800 hr and lowest at 1600 hr. The variations in cytosolic and nuclear receptors are not reciprocal; in fact, the overall content of receptor in the liver is not constant and also displays a circadian rhythm. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted

The effect of hepatic stimulatory substance, isolated from regenerating hepatic cytosol, and 50,000 and 300,000 subfractions in enhancing survival in experimental acute hepatic failure in rats treated with D‐galactosamine

Galactosamine induces a dose‐dependent hepatic injury in rats and many other animals. The toxicity of D‐galactosamine appears to be a consequence of the loss of hepatic UTP. It has previously been reported that regenerating liver cytosol is able to prevent, at least in part, the lethal effect of this substance by stimulating hepatic regeneration. Recently, we have separated a fraction using alcohol precipitation (80%) from regenerating liver cytosol and from weanling rat liver cytosol prepared in acetate buffer (100 mM, pH 6.5). We named this fraction hepatic stimulatory substance because of its ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in vivo when injected intraperitoneally in 40% hepatectomized rats and in vitro in the presence of hepatocytes isolated and maintained in monolayer cultures. The stimulatory activity of the hepatic stimulatory substance is fully evident in subfractions of molecular weight up to 300,000 and 50,000 daltons of the crude material obtained using Amicon Ultra membrane filters. The present report describes the ability of hepatic stimulatory substance and its subfractions to stimulate hepatocyte proliferation and the application of these hepatic extracts in successfully reversing the lethality of D‐galactosamine‐induced hepatic necrosis in rats. D‐Galactosamine (2.6 gm per kg of body weight) was administered intraperitoneally to 438 male Lewis strain rats. The animals were divided into six groups according to the type of treatment: Group 1 (n = 131) saline; Group 2 (n = 40) cytosol (75 mg total protein); Group 3 (n = 75) hepatic stimulatory substance (20 mg total protein); Group 4 (n = 42) 300,000 subfraction (4 mg total protein); Group 5 (n = 68) 300,000 subfraction (2 mg total protein), and Group 6 (n = 82) 50,000 subfraction (0.6 mg total protein). All rats received 4 ml of the test solution intraperitoneally at 48 hr after D‐galactosamine administration. The percentage of rats surviving in each group was determined daily for 20 days. Although hepatic stimulatory substance and 50,000 subfraction tended to improve survival in intoxicated rats, only those rats treated with the 300,000 subfraction attained statistical significance with respect to the saline control. Copyright © 1986 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease

Extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity: An expanding paradigm

Non celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by a cohort of symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food in subjects who are not affected by celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy. The possibility of systemic manifestations in this condition has been suggested by some reports. In most cases they are characterized by vague symptoms such as 'foggy mind', headache, fatigue, joint and muscle pain, leg or arm numbness even if more specific complaints have been described. NCGS has an immune-related background. Indeed there is a strong evidence that a selective activation of innate immunity may be the trigger for NCGS inflammatory response. The most commonly autoimmune disorders associated to NCGS are Hashimoto thyroiditis, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis and rheumatologic diseases. The predominance of Hashimoto thyroiditis represents an interesting finding, since it has been indirectly confirmed by an Italian study, showing that autoimmune thyroid disease is a risk factor for the evolution towards NCGS in a group of patients with minimal duodenal inflammation. On these bases, an autoimmune stigma in NCGS is strongly supported; it could be a characteristic feature that could help the diagnosis and be simultaneously managed. A possible neurological involvement has been underlined by NCGS association with gluten ataxia, gluten neuropathy and gluten encephalopathy. NCGS patients may show even psychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety and psychosis. Finally, a link with functional disorders (irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia) is a topic under discussion. In conclusion, the novelty of this matter has generated an expansion of literature data with the unavoidable consequence that some reports are often based on low levels of evidence. Therefore, only studies performed on large samples with the inclusion of control groups will be able to clearly establish whether the large information from the literature regarding extra-intestinal NCGS manifestations could be supported by evidence-based agreements

Electronic catheter stethoscope

An electronic catheter stethoscope measures and analyzes acoustic fields and dynamic pressure variations in the gaseous or liquid fluid inside a conventional medical catheter that is positioned in a patient\u27s urologic, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular, neurological or pulmonary system. Measurement transducers are installed in a housing connectable to multiple preselected medical catheters. The transducers detect bodily functions that are transmitted to the preselected catheter from within the body. The transducers, housing, electrical interface and signal processing electronics are positioned outside the body