Quorum sensing in the cyanobacterium Gloeothece PCC 6909.

The thesis sought to study whether cyanobacteria utilise the process of quorum sensing during their growth, to identify any quorum sensing molecules produced by the cyanobacteria Gloeothece PCC 6909/1 and to study the effect of any such molecules in aexenic cultures of the organism. The study presents the first evidence of N-octanoyl homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) quorum sensing molecule from axenic cultures of the cyanobacterium PCC 6909 and its sheathless mutant PCC 6909/1 and that the production of this molecule followed a density dependent accumulation, a common feature of many quorum sensing systems. The response of the Gloeothece proteome to exogenous concentrations of C8-HSL was examined, indicating changes in 43 protein spots on a 2D-PAGE gel, thereby indicating a response through global changes in protein expression. Among the 15 proteins that showed more than 2 fold expression changes, RuBisCo, glutamate synthase, chorismate synthase, a LysR family of transcriptional regulator (all up regulated) enolase and aldolase (down regulated) could be identified. A number of phosphorylated proteins also showed increased accumulation suggesting changes in the phosphoproteome of Gloeothece. A response to C8-HSL was also detected in physiological changes of the organism through decreased accumulation of extracellular soluble carbohydrates and an increased acid phosphatase activity from cell extracts. In conclusion, this study presents evidence that the cyanobacterium Gloeothece employs a C8-HSL based quorum sensing system through the accumulation and response to a C8-HSL signal. These findings can help increase our understanding of how colonial cyanobacteria encounter stress at high cell densities

HINDRANCE TO EFFECTIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE COLLEGES OF DHAKA CITY IN BANGLADESH

The paper aims at investigating the prevailing barriers that the learners of higher secondary level in Dhaka city encounter in speaking English effectively in their classrooms. It reconnoitres the challenges that prevail in the teaching-learning environment and impede rehearsing English speaking inside the classroom. English has been inescapably used in everyday life in this period of intense global competition. But for various reasons, students in higher secondary level often struggle to develop adequate speaking skills.And these obstacles affect in their upcoming higher study, going abroad as well as in their future career. This study aims to locate the hindrances that most of the students of the level face in speaking English fluently in the classroom. A systematic study is conducted using a quantitative approach, and a questionnaire is used to obtain data.The findings accentuate the unreachability of logistic, managerial, and administrative amenities; unapproachability of pertinent teaching-learning techniques, methods and approaches, inaccessibility of reciprocated and accommodating setting that reinforce the core impediments in teaching-learning English speaking at higher secondary stage. This paper pinpoints all those problems and presents probable recommendations to develop English speaking competency. Future scholars will benefit from this study’s insights as they investigate the difficulties faced by English language learners in Bangladesh.Keywords: Competency, Dhaka, effective English speaking, higher secondary level, hindrance

The role of warmed intravenous fluid on intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering during prolonged oral and maxillofacial surgery

Background: Under general anaesthesia, the core temperature may drop up to 6°C. Patients undergoing prolonged maxillofacial surgery frequently experience unintentional hypothermia that causes postanaesthetic shivering which is a common complication of anaesthesia that should be prevented. This study aimed to evaluate the role of warmed intravenous fluid in preventing intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering. Methods: Between January 2022 and December 2022, 322 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I, II and the age group of 18 to 45 years old scheduled for elective major oral and maxillofacial surgery were evaluated under the Department of Anaesthesiology in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital. The patients were grouped into Room Temperature Group and Warmed Fluid Group. Results: 162 patients received warmed fluid, whereas 160 patients received fluid at room temperature. In Room Temperature Group, there were 89 male and 71 female patients, whereas Warmed Fluid group had 88 male and 74 female patients. At the end of the procedure, the basal core temperature was 36.7±0.2°C in the group receiving warmed fluid versus 35.9±0.2°C in the group receiving fluid at room temperature. The incidence of hypothermia (<36 °C) was much lower in Warmed Fluid Group (n=28, 17.28%) than Room Temperature Group (n=86, 53.75%). Shivering was more common in Room Temperature Group (n = 67, 41.86%) than in Warmed Fluid Group (n = 19, 11.73%) in the postanaesthetic care unit (PACU). Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering are less common when warmed fluid is infused.  

Electronic-Banking Services: A Study on Selected Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

E-Banking as the wave of the future, provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of cost of transactions, either through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery channels. E-Banking is now widely practiced in Bangladesh. There are various types of e-banking services like SMS banking, Tele Banking, Push and Pull services, ATM, Fast Track etc. that have been introduced by the commercial banks in Bangladesh. This study attempts to explore various forms and characteristics of e-banking and finds out the merits and demerits of e-banking in selected commercial banks of our country. The major findings of the study show that all the commercial banks selected for the study have been practicing e-banking successfully and Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd. is providing electronic banking services more effectively than other commercial banks selected in this study. Besides, there is a positive impact of e-banking on the socio-economic development in Bangladesh. There should be diversification of such activities in rural areas of Bangladesh

Pilot study on the current management of children with COVID-19 in hospitals in Bangladesh; findings and implications

Objective: The focus on COVID-19 in children in low- and middle-income countries including Bangladesh has been on addressing key issues including poor vaccination rates as well as mental health issues, domestic violence and child labour. However, the focus on optimally managing children in hospitals is changing with new variants and concerns with the development of hyperinflammatory syndromes. There are also concerns with the overuse of antimicrobials to treat patients with COVID-19 in hospitals enhancing resistance rates. The Bangladesh Paediatric Association have developed guidelines to improve patient care building on national guidance. Consequently, there is a need to document the current management of children with COVID-19 in Bangladesh and use the findings for future guidance. Methods: Rapid analysis of the management of children with COVID-19 among eight private and public hospitals in Bangladesh with varying numbers of in-patient beds using purposely developed case report forms (CRFs). The CRFs were piloted before full roll-out. Results: Overall low numbers of children in hospital with COVID-19 (4.3% of in-patient beds). The majority were male (59.6%) and aged 5 years or under (63.5%). Reasons for admission included respiratory distress/ breathing difficulties with 94.2% of COVID-19 cases confirmed. All children were prescribed antibiotics empirically, typically those on the Watch list of antibiotics and administered parenterally, with only a small minority switched to oral therapy before discharge. There was appreciable prescribing of Vitamins (C and D) and zinc and encouragingly limited prescribing of other antimicrobials (antivirals, antimalarials and antiparasitic medicines). Length of stay was typically 5 to 10 days. Conclusion: Encouraging to see low hospitalisation rates and limited use of antimicrobials apart from antibiotics. Concerns with high empiric use of antibiotics and limited switching to oral formulations can be addressed by instigating antimicrobial stewardship programmes. We will be monitoring this

Missouri Zırhlısı

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2014.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Öztürk, İbrahim Mert

Measles susceptibility in young Thai men suggests need for young adult measles vaccination: a cross sectional study

Abstract Background Measles remains a major public health concern in Thailand despite the introduction of vaccination since 1984. Similar to other countries, Thailand has experienced numerous measles outbreaks including adult communities such as university student dormitories, prisons, refugee camps, and military recruit camps. These outbreaks raise questions on the seroprotective antibody level in Thai adults. Methods To better understand measles susceptibility in young Thai adults, a retrospective measles seroprevalence study on repository serum specimens obtained with informed consent from young Thai men entering the Royal Thai Army (RTA) during 2007–2008 was conducted. A total of 7760 stratified randomized samples were chosen by residence province. Measles IgG titer was measured using a commercial IgG quantitative ELISA kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. An antibody level ≥ 250 International Units per Liter (IU/L) was interpreted as seropositive. Results The overall measles seroprevalence was 78.5 % (95 % Confidence Interval: 77.6–79.4 %) with geometric mean titer of 738 IU/L (95 % Confidence Interval: 716–760 IU/L). The measles seroprevalence by province ranged from 59.6 % to 93.1 %. A trend of decreasing seroprevalence in the younger cohorts despite increasing immunization coverage was found. Lower seroprevalence than vaccination coverage was observed in the youngest age group. Conclusions To achieve long term measles control and elimination, an integrated two doses vaccination strategy has been implemented in children in Thailand. This nationwide measles seroprevalence study in young adult RTA recruits found a measles seroprevalence lower than WHO’s recommendation for measles outbreak prevention and elimination. These results raise concerns for measles control in Thailand. Supplementary immunization in young adults is essential especially in high-risk and densely populated communities to establish herd immunity for outbreak prevention and elimination

Pork Consumption and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus,Thailand, 2007–2008

The nationwide seroprevalence of hepatitis E IgG was determined among young men in Thailand. Overall seroprevalence was 14% (95% CI 13%–15%); range by province was 3%–26%. Seroprevalence was lowest in the south, an area predominantly occupied by persons of the Islam religion, whose dietary laws proscribe pork