Factores asociados a vivir solo en personas mayores de 60 años en Bogotá, Colombia

Objective: to identify the factors related to living alone and the magnitude of its effect on the adult population over 60 years old living in community in the city of Bogotá. Methods: cross-sectional study with secondary analysis of the Health, Well-being, and Aging Survey (SABE) - Bogota 2012. Measurements of central tendency were calculated, the means were compared with Student's t-test, the final model was adjusted for age, gender, and the odds ratios (OR) and their CI 95% were calculated to estimate the power of the relation. Results: out of the 2,000 people who participated in the SABE survey, 252 (12.6%) lived alone. The average age was 71.32 years; 64.68% were women (n = 163). The average schooling was 6.19 years (SD 0.31). When making the bivariate analysis, a statistically significant relation was found between living alone and being independent for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, absence of dementia, and good self-perception of health condition. In the logistic regression model, not having a partner (OR 4.91 CI 95% [3.61-6.68]), absence of dementia (OR 2.77 CI 95% [1.94-6.16], poor self-perception of nutritional condition (OR 1.7 CI 95% [1.24-2.33] and female gender (OR 1.37 CI 95% [1.03-1.91] were significantly associated with the possibility of living alone in people over 60 years. Conclusions: this study found that in people living alone there is not only an association with not having a partner, but also with having a good cognitive state, being a woman, and a poor self-perception of the nutritional condition.Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a vivir solo y la magnitud de su efecto en la población adulta mayor de 60 años que residen en comunidad en la ciudad de Bogotá. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal con análisis secundario de la encuesta Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) - Bogotá 2012. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, las medias se compararon con la prueba t de Student, el modelo final se ajustó por edad, sexo y se calcularon las odds ratios (OR) y sus IC95% para estimar la fuerza de la asociación. Resultados: De las 2000 personas que participaron en la encuesta SABE, 252 (12,6%) vivían solas. El promedio de edad era de 71,32 años; el 64,68% eran mujeres (n=163). La escolaridad promedio fue de 6,19 años (DE 0,31). Al realizar en análisis bivariado, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre vivir solo y ser independiente para las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria, la ausencia de demencia, tener buena autopercepción del estado de salud. En el modelo de regresión logística no tener pareja (OR 4,91 IC 95% [3,61-6,68]), ausencia de demencia (OR 2,77 IC 95% [1,94-6,16], mala autopercepción del estado nutricional (OR 1,7 IC 95% [1,24-2,33] y el sexo femenino (OR 1,37 IC 95% [1,03-1,91] se asociaron de forma significativa con la posibilidad de vivir solo en personas mayores de 60 años. Conclusiones: Este estudio encontró que vivir solo se asoció con no tener pareja, tener un buen estado cognoscitivo, ser mujer y con mala autopercepción del estado nutricional

Desenlaces en salud en población adulta mayor colombiana con amputaciones: un análisis secundario de la encuesta SABE

Objective. To describe the factors associated with amputations in the Colombian elderly population (>60 years) as evaluated in the 2015 SABE Survey with its possible adverse health related outcomes. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical study consisting of a secondary analysis of the SABE (Health, Well-being and Aging) Colombia 2015 survey. Excluding factors were people who required a substitute informant during the interview, people without amputations and those with upper and lower limb amputations simultaneously. The dependent variables were the adverse health outcomes in older people with amputations (depressive symptoms, mobility problems, poor self-perception of health, disability discrimination, falls in the last year, whether or not help was needed in the last fall, and hospitalizations in the last year). Both descriptive and bivariate analysis as well as multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results. The sample was of 278 elderly, 77.34% were men, with a mean age of 70 ± 11 years. Variables such as male sex (OR 3.62 95%CI 1.82-7.19, p<0.001) and arterial hypertension (OR 3.45 95%CI 1.77-6.71, p<0.001), were positively associated with upper limb amputations. Likewise, for lower limb amputations, a positive association was found with diabetes (OR 7.78 95%CI 3.78-16.02, p<0.001). However, there was a negative association with male sex (OR 0.27 95%CI 0.14-0.55, p<0.001) and arterial hypertension (OR 0.29 95%CI 0.15-0.56, p<0.001). Conclusion. In people over 60 years of age, factors such as being a man and having high blood pressure are associated with upper limb amputations; counterwise, diabetes is associated with lower limb amputations.Objetivo. Describir los factores asociados a las amputaciones en la población colombiana adulta mayor de 60 años evaluados en la Encuesta SABE 2015, frente a posibles desenlaces adversos en salud. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y analítico consistente en un análisis secundario de la encuesta SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia 2015. Para este trabajo, se excluyeron a las personas que requirieron de un informante sustituto durante la entrevista, personas sin amputaciones o con amputaciones de miembro superior e inferior simultáneamente. La variable dependiente fueron los desenlaces adversos en salud en personas mayores con amputaciones (síntomas depresivos, problemas de movilidad, mala autopercepción de salud, discriminación por discapacidad, caídas en el último año, si en la última caída necesito o no ayuda y hospitalizaciones en el último año). Se realizó análisis descriptivo, bivariado y regresión logística multivariada. Resultados. De las 278 personas identificadas con amputaciones, el 77.34% fueron hombres, con edad promedio de 70 ± 11 años. Se encontró que variables como sexo masculino (OR 3.62 IC95%1.82-7.19, p<0.001) e hipertensión arterial (OR 3.45 IC 95%1.77-6.71, p<0.001), se asocian positivamente con amputaciones de miembro superior. Asimismo, para amputaciones de miembro inferior, se encontró asociación positiva con diabetes (OR 7.78 IC95%3.78-16.02, p<0.001), y asociación negativa frente a sexo masculino (OR 0.27 IC95%0.14-0.55, p<0.001) e hipertensión arterial (OR 0.29 IC95%0.15-0.56, p<0.001). Conclusión. En personas mayores de 60 años, factores como ser hombre y tener hipertensión arterial se asocian con amputaciones en miembro superior; por otro lado, la diabetes se asocia con amputaciones en miembro inferior

Gait speed as a mediator of the effect of sarcopenia on dependency in activities of daily living

Background Sarcopenia in older adults is strongly associated with an increase in dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) and with a decline in gait speed. Interestingly, gait speed has been shown to independently predict mortality. In this context, our study aimed to explore the mediator role of gait speed on the relationship between sarcopenia and dependency in ADL. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia, 19 705 older adults with a mean age of 70 years, 55.6% women, 16.1% with sarcopenia, and 14.7% mild, moderate, or severe dependency in ADL, according to ‘SABE Survey 2015’. Sarcopenia was assessed by calf circumference and ADL dependence through the Barthel Index. Gait speed was measured over a distance of 3 m. The association between sarcopenia condition and gait speed and dependency level was analysed by linear regression adjusted by covariates. To examine whether gait speed mediated the association between sarcopenia and dependence components of physical function, simple mediation models were generated using ordinary least squares with the macro PROCESS version 3.2, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Results Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in gait speed and dependency in ADL between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. BMI was significantly higher in the non-sarcopenia group whereas dependency was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group (19.6% vs. 13.8%). Results from mediation model regression analysis indicated a significant and direct detrimental effect of sarcopenia on dependency in ADL (β = 0.05; P < 0.001), and a significant indirect effect of gait speed on the direct effect ( 0.009 to 0.004). Conclusions The negative effect of sarcopenia on functional dependence was mediated by the gait speed. Therefore, gait speed may positively influence the detrimental effect of sarcopenia for dependency, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. Consequently, physical exercise should be promoted and focused to circumvent the gait speed decline associated with age in older people with sarcopenia

Gait speed moderates the adverse effect of obesity on dependency in older Colombian adult

Q2Q2Artículo original1-6INTRODUCTION: Gait speed worsens with the presence of obesity, and is a powerful marker of functional dependence. Accordingly, gait speed could be a factor that improves or worsens the relationship between obesity and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL). However, to date this potential role has not been examined and the minimum gait speed threshold in the relationship between obesity and ADL is not known. The aim of this study was to determine whether speed moderates the association between obesity and dependence in ADL, and also define the gait speed threshold of this relationship. METHODS: A total of 20,507 community-dwelling older adults from a cross-sectional analysis of national survey data - the Colombian Health, Well-being and Aging study (SABE, 2015) - were surveyed. The research data were collected using structured questionnaires, including basic information, ADL measured using the Barthel Index, body mass index, and gait speed (3 m). The Johnson-Neyman technique was applied to determine the gait speed threshold adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. RESULTS: Regression analysis showed a significant detrimental effect of obesity on dependence in ADL, which was moderated by gait speed (β = 0.081; 95%CI: 0.045 to 0.117; p 1.06 m/s, indicating a positive effect. CONCLUSIONS: The adverse effect of obesity on dependence in ADL is moderated by gait speed. Considering these thresholds, the distribution of older adults in each of the proposed areas of significance were: below 0.77 (m/s) = 14,324 (70.0%), above 1.06 (m/s) = 1553 older adults (7.5%) and between areas = 4630 older adults (22.5%)