91 research outputs found

    GrolĂ©jac – La Gane

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    Lien Atlas (MCC) :http://atlas.patrimoines.culture.fr/atlas/trunk/index.php?ap_theme=DOM_2.01.02&ap_bbox=1.264;44.790;1.326;44.832 L’abri de la Gane figurait jusqu’à ce jour comme l’un des derniers gros gisements potentiels du dĂ©partement de la Dordogne Ă  ne pas avoir fait l’objet de recherches systĂ©matiques. LocalisĂ© dans le bourg mĂȘme de GrolĂ©jac qu’il surplombe d’une vingtaine de mĂštres, orientĂ© plein sud, il est creusĂ© dans les dĂ©pĂŽts calcaires coniaciens qui forment une falaise. La dĂ©co..

    How did hominins adapt to Ice Age Europe without fire?

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    Analyses of archaeological material recovered from several Middle Paleolithic sites in southwest France have provided strong corroborating data on Neanderthal use of fire. Both direct and indirect data show that Neanderthals in this region were frequently and/or intensively using fire during warmer periods, but such evidence declines significantly in occupations that took place during colder periods. One possible explanation for this pattern is that it reflects the inability of Western European Neanderthals to make fire, simply because natural sources of fire occur much more frequently during warmer climatic periods. Regardless of the explanation, the long periods of diminished evidence of fire shows that, unlike modern humans, these hominins were not obligate fire users, and this fact in itself raises important questions of how they adapted, physiologically and/or technologically, to the generally harsh glacial conditions of the middle latitude of Europe and to reduced energy returns typical of raw food. As a corollary, it also raises questions regarding their need for and use of fire during the warmer periods.National Science FoundationLeakey FoundationConseil General de la DordogneMax Planck SocietyService Regional de l'Archeologie (Agquitaine)University of Pennsylvania Research FoundationUniversity of Pennsylvania MuseumWenner-Gren Foundationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Major Fallacies Surrounding Stone Artifacts and Assemblages

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    While lithic objects can potentially inform us about past adaptations and behaviors, it is important to develop a comprehensive understanding of all of the various processes that influence what we recover from the archaeological record. We argue here that many assumptions used by archaeologists to derive behavioral inferences through the definition, conceptualization, and interpretation of both individual stone artifact forms and groups of artifacts identified as assemblages do not fit squarely with what we have learned from both ethnographic sources and analyses of archaeological materials. We discuss this in terms of two fallacies. The first is the fallacy of the “desired end product” in stone artifact manufacture, which also includes our ability to recognize such end products. The second fallacy has to do with the notions that lithic assemblages represent simple accumulations of contemporary behaviors and the degree to which the composition of the depositional units we study reliably match the kinds of activities that took place. Although it is beyond the scope of this paper to offer a comprehensive set of new methodologies and theoretical perspectives to solve these problems, our goal here is to stress the importance of rethinking some of our most basic assumptions regarding the nature of lithic objects and how they become part of the archaeological record. Such a revision is needed if we want to be able to develop research questions that can be addressed with the data we have available to us

    Reconstructing Late Pleistocene paleoclimate at the scale of human behavior: an example from the Neandertal occupation of La Ferrassie (France)

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    Exploring the role of changing climates in human evolution is currently impeded by a scarcity of climatic information at the same temporal scale as the human behaviors documented in archaeological sites. This is mainly caused by high uncertainties in the chronometric dates used to correlate long-term climatic records with archaeological deposits. One solution is to generate climatic data directly from archaeological materials representing human behavior. Here we use oxygen isotope measurements of Bos/Bison tooth enamel to reconstruct summer and winter temperatures in the Late Pleistocene when Neandertals were using the site of La Ferrassie. Our results indicate that, despite the generally cold conditions of the broader period and despite direct evidence for cold features in certain sediments at the site, Neandertals used the site predominantly when climatic conditions were mild, similar to conditions in modern day France. We suggest that due to millennial scale climate variability, the periods of human activity and their climatic characteristics may not be representative of average conditions inferred from chronological correlations with long-term climatic records. These results highlight the importance of using direct routes, such as the high-resolution archives in tooth enamel from anthropogenically accumulated faunal assemblages, to establish climatic conditions at a human scale.Projekt DEALinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    The Mousterian Industry from Bisitun Cave (Iran)

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    Bisitun, a Middle Paleolithic cave site in northwestern Iran, was excavated over thirty years ago by C. Coon. Its Mousterian industry, as later described by Skinner, has been thought to be characteristic of other Mousterian industries from that region, what is generally called the Zagros Group Mousterian. The present analysis shows that the Bisitun industry contains some important features that were overlooked by Skinner, including a high frequency of Levallois technique and several truncated-faceted pieces. Because these features have not yet been recognized in other Zagros Mousterian industries, their presence here raises the question of the distinctiveness and homogeneity of this Mousterian Group.Bisitun, site en grotte du PalĂ©olithique Moyen du N. О. de l'Iran fut fouillĂ© il y a plus de trente ans par C. Coon. Son industrie moustĂ©rienne, telle qu'elle fut dĂ©crite par la suite par Skinner, semblait prĂ©senter tous les caractĂšres des autres industries moustĂ©riennes de la rĂ©gion, gĂ©nĂ©ralement nommĂ©es le « Groupe moustĂ©rien du Zagros ». Un nouvel examen de cette industrie a permis de montrer que l'industrie de Bisitun prĂ©sente plusieurs traits non dĂ©celĂ©s par Skinner : haute frĂ©quence de la technique Levallois et prĂ©sence de piĂšces tronquĂ©es facettĂ©es. Ces caractĂšres n'ayant pas Ă©tĂ© reconnus dans les autres industries moustĂ©riennes du Zagros, leur prĂ©sence soulĂšve la question de la validitĂ© de la distinction de ce groupe moustĂ©rien et de son homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©.Dibble H. L. The Mousterian Industry from Bisitun Cave (Iran). In: PalĂ©orient, 1984, vol. 10, n°2. pp. 23-34

    Le Paléolithique moyen récent du Zagros

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    ABSTRACT This report briefly summarizes some of Zagros Middle Paleolithic industries and presents comparisons between them and other Middle Paleolithic industries from the Levant and Western Europe. The near Eastern Charentian industries are not only interesting in themselves as representing local rĂ©ponses to a variety of local factors, but they also provide comparative data that can be used to help clarify assemblage patterns in other areas.RÉSUMÉ Cet article prĂ©sente sommairement quelques-unes des industries du PalĂ©olithique moyen du Zagros avec des comparaisons internes ainsi qu'avec des comparaisons avec d'autres industries du Levant et de l'Europe occidentale. Les industries charentiennes du Proche-Orient ne sont pas seulement intĂ©ressantes en elles-mĂȘmes car elles reprĂ©sentent des rĂ©ponses Ă  une variĂ©tĂ© de facteurs locaux mais aussi parce qu'elles apportent des Ă©lĂ©ments de comparaison qui peuvent ĂȘtre employĂ©s pour aider Ă  la comprĂ©hension de facteurs observĂ©s dans d'autres rĂ©gions.L. Dibble Harold. Le PalĂ©olithique moyen rĂ©cent du Zagros. In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© prĂ©historique française, tome 90, n°4, 1993. pp. 307-312

    Données nouvelles sur le gisement de Combe-Capelle à Saint-Avit-Sénieur (Dordogne)

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    Known as a prehistoric site since the end of the last century, Combe-Capelle is situated in the middle reaches of the Couze valley, a southern tributary of the Dordogne. Several loci have been the object of archaeological research. One of these, Combe-Capelle Bas, is situated at the base of the slope below the Roc de Combe-Capelle (famous for the skeleton that was found there). It was in this locus that intensive excavations were carried out by H.-M. Ami during the 1920's, which revealed a stratigraphie sequence thought to be composed of five archaeological units. This sequence has been completely revised based on new work carried out recently by a joint french-american team. One of the major foci of this work, presented briefly here but discussed in more detail in the monograph, was to clarify the complex stratigraphic sequence and processes of formation of the site. The principal goal of this article is to present the lithic assemblages by level and by excavated sector. It is demonstrated that the assemblages recovered during the earlier excavations were severely distorted through excavator bias and that many of the characteristics of the Combe-Capelle Bas industries are a direct reflection of the site having been situated on a source of raw material.Connu depuis la fin du siÚcle dernier, Combe-Capelle se situe dans la moyenne vallée de la Couze, affluent de la rive gauche de la Dordogne. Plusieurs locus y ont fait l'objet de fouilles anciennes. Parmi eux, Combe-Capelle Bas, placé dans le talus sous-jacent à l'abri du Roc de Combe-Capelle, célÚbre pour avoir livré une sépulture, a donné lieu à des fouilles intensives conduites sous forme d'une grande tranchée ouverte par H.-M. Ami dans les années vingt. Les résultats des fouilles anciennes qui révélÚrent une importante séquence stratigraphique de cinq ensembles archéologiques ont été révisés sur la base de nouvelles fouilles entreprises par une équipe franco-américaine. Ces travaux ont clairement montré la complexité stratigraphique des dépÎts dont les modalités de mise en place font l'objet d'interprétations diverses. L'argumentation de ces interprétations a été développée dans la monographie en anglais consacrée à ce gisement et leurs conclusions sont briÚvement rappelées en introduction du présent article qui a pour but principal de présenter par couches les industries lithiques des différents secteurs de la fouille. Il est clairement apparu que les ensembles recueillis au cours des fouilles anciennes ont fait l'objet de tris sélectifs et que les industries de Combe-Capelle ont des caractéristiques directement liées à l'implantation du gisement sur un gßte de matiÚre premiÚre.Dibble Harold Lewis, Lenoir Michel. Données nouvelles sur le gisement de Combe-Capelle à Saint-Avit-Sénieur (Dordogne). In: Gallia préhistoire, tome 39, 1997. pp. 31-83

    Introduction

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    This is a preliminary synthesis of excavations at La Quina from 1985 through 1994. The report is interim in nature, since only a portion of the very rich material has been studied. These recent excavations were intended to address certain questions left unresolved by the excavations conducted by G. Henri-Martin from 1952 through 1972 : first to establish a detailed stratigraphy of the sediments, to understand the mechanisms and circumstances of their deposition, and to collect informations about the extent of the remaining deposits ; then to define the chronology of these formations in terms of absolute dates and to determine the palaeoenvironments in which people lived at La Quina ; at last to develop a detailed understanding of the material culture and human activities at the site. The stratigraphy and depositional regime were recorded and analyzed. The lithic industries are all Mousterian : Denticulate Mousterian and Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition in the upper levels, and Quina Mousterian in the lower and intermediate levels. In spite of the small volume of sediment excavated, one anthropogenic structure (a pit) was uncovered. Its function is not yet understood. In terms of palaeontology, there is a certain monotony in the species present : bovines (Bos and Bison), horse, and reindeer. Only their relative frequencies vary significantly in different levels of the profile. These species indicate an open environment, which contradicts the first palynological studies. The zooarchaeological studies are not yet completed, but interesting results are available regarding the reindeer from the site, which are represented by distal limb bones (indicating marrow extraction), and the horses, which are represented in the upper levels primarily by fragments of skull and pelvis. In terms of human palaeontology, we underline the discovery of a fragment of a child's frontal bone and of a portion of an adult calotte in the lower beds (Quina Mousterian), as well as several teeth.Cet article prĂ©sente une synthĂšse provisoire des fouilles effectuĂ©es Ă  La Quina de 1985 Ă  1994 ; une partie seulement du trĂšs riche matĂ©riel recueilli ayant Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e. Ces nouvelles fouilles avaient pour but de rĂ©soudre un certain nombre de problĂšmes laissĂ©s en suspens au terme des fouilles conduites par G. Henri-Martin, de 1952 Ă  1972. Il fallait, tout d'abord, Ă©tablir une stratigraphie dĂ©taillĂ©e des dĂ©pĂŽts, comprendre les phĂ©nomĂšnes de leur mise en place et obtenir des donnĂ©es sur l'importance des sĂ©diments encore en place ; puis, prĂ©ciser la chronologie de ces formations en termes de datations absolues et dĂ©finir les palĂ©oenvironnements des hommes de La Quina ; enfin, obtenir une connaissance dĂ©taillĂ©e des cultures matĂ©rielles et des activitĂ©s humaines. La stratigraphie a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cisĂ©e ainsi que la mise en place des dĂ©pĂŽts. Les industries se rapportent uniquement au MoustĂ©rien : MoustĂ©rien Ă  denticulĂ©s et MoustĂ©rien de tradition acheulĂ©enne dans les niveaux supĂ©rieurs, MoustĂ©rien de type Quina dans les niveaux mĂ©dians et infĂ©rieurs. MalgrĂ© le petit volume de sĂ©diments fouillĂ©s, une structure anthropique (fosse) a pu ĂȘtre mise en Ă©vidence dont la fonction n'a pas encore Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finie. Sur le plan palĂ©ontologique, on remarque une certaine monotonie dans les espĂšces prĂ©sentes : BovinĂ©s (Bos et Bison), Cheval et Renne. Seuls leurs taux relatifs prĂ©sentent des modifications sensibles de haut en bas du profil. Ces espĂšces indiquent un paysage ouvert, ce qui est en contradiction avec les premiĂšres Ă©tudes palynologiques. Les Ă©tudes archĂ©ozoologiques ne sont pas encore terminĂ©es, mais dĂ©jĂ  des rĂ©sultats intĂ©ressants peuvent ĂȘtre mentionnĂ©s en ce qui concerne le Renne dont on note une surreprĂ©sentation des parties distales des pattes (recherche de moelle) et le Cheval qui est essentiellement reprĂ©sentĂ© dans les niveaux supĂ©rieurs par des restes crĂąniens et des fragments de bassin. Sur le plan de la palĂ©ontologie humaine nous insisterons ici sur la mise au jour, outre de quelques dents, d'un fragment de frontal d'enfant et d'une portion de calotte crĂąnienne d'adulte dans les niveaux infĂ©rieurs (MoustĂ©riens de type Quina).DebĂ©nath AndrĂ©, Dibble Harold Lewis. Introduction. In: Gallia prĂ©histoire, tome 40, 1998. pp. 31-33
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