Anti fungal activity of alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds

In our study, it was aimed to determine antifungal activity of Peganum harmala on medically important yeasts and molds in vitro. Fungal suspensions of Candida spp and aspergillus spp isolated from the clinical specimens were treated with serial dilutions of P. harmala alcoholic extract in Sabouraud Broth. The titers included: 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, 1/640, and incubated for 24 h at 30°C. Anti fungal activity of the extract was determined as MIC and MFC. For the determination of MFC, a small volume of above serial dilutions was cultured on SGA 4% medium. After 24 to 72 h of incubation at 30°C, the cultures were looked for fungal growth. The highest and lowest inhibitory effects of P. harmala extract were determined on C. glabrata (MIC: 0.312 mg/ml) and C. albicans (MIC: 1.25 mg/ml), respectively. The MFC for Candida species was differed from 0.62 to 2.5 mg/ml. The highest fungicidal effect was seen on C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (MFC: 0.62 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively) and the lowest was for C. albicans (MFC: 2.5 mg/ml). The treatment of Aspergillus suspensions with Perganum extract showed a decreasing of growth and sporolation without definite inhibition. The alcoholic extract of P. harmala showed a fungicidal activity on opportunistic yeasts, Candida spp, and a decreasing sporolation for aspergillus most importamt species. © 2011 Academic Journals

Monosynaptic Functional Connectivity in Cerebral Cortex During Wakefulness and Under Graded Levels of Anesthesia

The balance between excitation and inhibition is considered to be of significant importance for neural computation and cognitive function. Excitatory and inhibitory functional connectivity in intact cortical neuronal networks in wakefulness and graded levels of anesthesia has not been systematically investigated. We compared monosynaptic excitatory and inhibitory spike transmission probabilities using pairwise cross-correlogram (CCG) analysis. Spikes were measured at 64 sites in the visual cortex of rats with chronically implanted microelectrode arrays during wakefulness and three levels of anesthesia produced by desflurane. Anesthesia decreased the number of active units, the number of functional connections, and the strength of excitatory connections. Connection probability (number of connections per number of active unit pairs) was unaffected until the deepest anesthesia level, at which a significant increase in the excitatory to inhibitory ratio of connection probabilities was observed. The results suggest that the excitatory–inhibitory balance is altered at an anesthetic depth associated with unconsciousness

Aktivitas Anti Rayap Minyak Atsiri Dari Kulit Jeruk Citrus Nobilis Var.microcarpa Terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes Curvignathus Holmgren

Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren is an urban pest which builds carton nests in dark places. This termite is difficult to control due to difficulties of direct spraying to entire colony. The new methods for control subterranean termites such as used the essentials oil is a prospective study. This study aims to determine the bioactivity of essential oil of orange peel Citrus nobilis var .microcarpa and to determine the optimal level of inhibiting termites C. curvignathus. Essential oil made from peel of C. nobilis orange which macerated with methanol for 24 hours. Essential oil obtained was dissolved on filter paper at a dose of 0.1 ml; 0.2 ml; 0.3 ml; and 0.4 ml. Then this filter paper used to biossay to determine the effectiveness of essential oil to inhibited subterranean termites C. curvignathus. This process was conducted in three days. The results showed that the highest activity which caused 100% mortality of termite was obtained at dose 0.4 ml. The greater dose of essential oils of orange peel resulted in the highest mortality of termites and vice versa resulted the lowest percentage of paper weight loss. The optimal dose in the use of essential oils of orange peel of C. nobilis to inhibited the termites C. curvignathus was 0.2 ml. Keyword: Anti-termitic activities, essential oil, Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren Keyword: Anti-termitic activities, essential oil, Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgre

Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from soil in Isfahanprovince, Iran

Objective. — To evaluate the epidemiology of keratophilic fungi in Isfahan province, Iran.Material and methods. — The present research has been conducted on soil samples collected from 16 townships of Isfahan province. For isolate geophilic dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi, the keratin baiting technique has been applied. Results. — Of 800 soil samples examined, 588 (73.5%) keratinophilic fungi were isolated. The present studied recognized 727 isolates including 16 species of 11 genus, as follows: Chrysosporium keratinophilum (31.4%), C. pannicola (16.9%), C. tropicum (15.4%), Microsporum gypseum (12.4%), Chrysosporium spp. (9.9%), C. indicum (7%), Sepedonium spp. (3.3%), Malbranchia spp. (1%), Trichophyton terrestre (0.8%), T. ajelloi and Paecilomyces lilacinus (0.4%), Engyodontium album and Acremonium spp. (0.3%), Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp. and Ulocladium spp. (0.1%). In this study, E. album was isolated for the first time in this country (Iran). The frequency these keratinophilic fungi are discussed in relation to different agents such as soil pH. Conclusion. — This study contributes to the knowledge of keratophilic fungi in Iran. # 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserve

PENGARUH TENAGA KERJA EKONOMI KREATIF DAN EKSPOR PRODUK EKONOMI KREATIF TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

Economic growth is a condition in which a country experiences an increase in gross domestic product (GDP). In this case, exports and employment are things that can affect economic growth. This study aims to analyze the effect of creative labor and exports of creative economy products on Indonesia's economic growth. This research was conducted in Indonesia. The variable is Indonesia's economic growth, the independent variables are creative economy workers and exports of creative economy products. The data used is secondary data. Secondary data were obtained from the yearbook and the official website of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency and the Creative Economy Agency. The analysis tool used is multiple linear regression with the help of the Eviews 8 program. The results show that all independent variables have a significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. The value of the coefficient of determination (R square) is 0.815076, which means that Indonesia's economic growth can be explained by the variable factor of creative economy labor and creative economy product exports of 81.5%. While the remaining 18.5% of Indonesia's economic growth is explained by other variables that are not included in the analysis model in this study

Carcass Yield and Quality of Pork from Pigs Fed Graded Levels of Fig (Ficus sur) Fruits Mixed with Maize Grain

Twenty growing Yorkshire piglets of 27.8±1.4kg (mean ± SD) average initial weight were used to investigate the effect of feeding different proportions of ground Ficus sur fruits (FSF) mixed with ground maize grain (MG) on carcass yield and quality attributes. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and five replications per treatment. The treatment diets were: 100% FSF and 0%MG represented as (100FSF), 67% FSF and 33% MG (67FSF), 33% FSF and 67% MG (33FSF) and 0% FSF and 100% MG (0FSF). For all treatments protein supplement (NSC+SBM) was given to provide about 18% CP to make the ration isonitrogenous. Except for the slaughter weight, which significantly (P<0.05) increased with increase in MG level in the diets, all other carcass measurements and primal cuts did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatments. However, lungs (P=0.012) and gastro intestinal tract (GIT) (P=0.001) among the viscera organs were varied. None of the quality attributes of the pork significantly differed (P>0.05) in color, taste, flavor, juiciness, tenderness and texture among the treatments. This indicates that similar quality pork can be produced by feeding FSF as those fed with MG. It is, therefore, concluded that substitution of MG with FSFs in the diets of pigs can result in comparable carcass yield and quality attributes

Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus Hystrix Dc) terhadap Rayap Tanah (Coptotermes Curvignathus Holmgren)

Kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix DC) has the potential to be used as a natural preservative especially an anti-termites. The study aims to evaluation the toxicity of extract of leaves C. hystrix against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren and to determine the optimal concentration of extract lime leaves on subterranean termite activity. Lime leaves were extracted using maceration method with methanol. Level of concentration were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Filter paper soaked at each concentration thengive as a food source to subterranean termites. Bioassay tests were carried out for 21 days. Then mortality and filter paper weight loss was measured. The results showed the concentration level of 10% has the highest termite mortality with average value of 100% and has the lowest value of filter paper weight loss with a average value 13.48%. However, the optimal concentration was achieved at 8% due to the mortality rate reached 94% and the level of termite activity was classified as very strong. Keyword: Bioactivity anti-termites Citrus hystrix DC, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, Methanol extract

فعالية برنامج إرشادي قائم على مهارات العقل والجسم في تحسين مستوى الأمل لدى مريضات سرطان الثدي بمحافظة غزة

هدف المقال إلى معرفة مدى فعالية برنامج إرشادي باستخدام مهارات العقل والجسم، لتحسين مستوى الأمل لدى مريضات سرطان الثدي، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (20) امرأة مصابة بسرطان الثدي، اللاتي يخضعن للعلاج في مستشفى الصداقة التركي بمدينة غزة، حيث تم تقسيم عينة الدراسة إلى مجموعتين متساويتين: مجموعة تجريبية، ومجموعة ضابطة. وقد استخدمت الباحثة مقياس الأمل إعداد سنايدر، وبرنامج لتحسين مستوى الأمل إعداد الباحثة، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى دلالة (a=0.05) بين متوسطات درجات المجموعة التجريبية ونفسها في التطبيقين القبلي والبعدي على مقياس الأمل لصالح التطبيق البعدي، ووجود أثر كبير للبرنامج في تحسين مستوى الأمل لدى أفراد المجموعة التجريبية، كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (a=0.05) بين متوسطات درجات أفراد المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في التطبيق البعدي على مقياس الأمل لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى دلالة (a=0.05) بين متوسطات درجات أفراد المجموعة التجريبية ونفسها في التطبيقين البعدي والتتبعي. The article aimed to find out the effectiveness of a guiding program using mind and body skills to improve the level of hope among breast cancer patients. The study sample included (20) female breast patients who were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The researcher used the hope scale, prepared by Snyder, and a program to improve the level of hope, prepared by the researcher. The study reached the following results: There are statistically significant differences at a significance level (a=0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the same group in the pre and post-applications on the scale of hope in favor of the post-application, and there is a significant effect of the program in improving the level of hope among the members of the experimental group. There are also statistically significant differences at a significance level (a=0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-application on the hope scale in favor of the experimental group. There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level (a=0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the same group in the post and follow-up applications