Influencia de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en el nivel secundario de la Institución Educativa Rafael Loayza Guevara

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó y aplicó con el objetivo de reconocer y valorar cuán importante es la influencia de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en los estudiantes de primero de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Rafael Loayza Guevara, haciendo uso de un software de aprendizaje computacional ya existente desarrollado por el Ministerio de Educación: Software XO-Peru Learns English (PLE), con la finalidad de determinar el impacto de las TICs en el rendimiento académico de los escolares. La metodología empleada en esta investigación incorpora el método científico, ya que es un procedimiento para descubrir las condiciones en que se presentan sucesos específicos, caracterizados generalmente por ser verificables y de observación empírica. La investigación es de diseño cuasiexperimental; con dos grupos de estudio: grupo control y experimental. Asimismo, para la obtención de resultados se evaluó las calificaciones promedio de notas de ambos grupos, lo cual permitió comparar los resultados obtenidos entre la preprueba y la posprueba. Por otra parte, los resultados de la investigación demuestran que sí existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los puntajes promedios obtenidos del grupo experimental (con aplicación de las TICs) y el grupo de control (sin aplicación de las TICs), para afirmar que las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) sí influyen positivamente en el aprendizaje del idioma ingles de los estudiantes del primer año de nivel secundario de la institución, ya que la significancia asintótica que se obtuvo en la prueba U-Mann Whitney fue de 0.002. Asimismo, se muestra en los resultados finales que, el rango promedio del grupo experimental fue de 45.83, mientras que del grupo control fue de 29.96. Finalmente, esta investigación también trata de incentivar el uso de las TICs dentro de las aulas, ya que estas brindan al estudiante una cosmovisión de desarrollo de conocimiento a partir de las relaciones con la tecnología, contribuyendo también a mejorar la calidad educativa dentro de las instituciones.This thesis was carried out and applied with the objective of recognizing and assessing how important the influence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is in the English language learning process in the freshmen students of Rafael Loayza Guevara Secondary School, using an existing computer learning software developed by the Ministry of Education: Software XO-Peru Learns English (PLE), in order to determine the impact of ICTs on the academic performance of the students. The methodology used in this research work incorporates the scientific method, since it is a procedure to discover the conditions in which specific events occur, generally characterized by being verifiable and of empirical observation. The investigation is a quasi-experimental design; with two study groups: the control and the experimental. Likewise, to obtain results, the average grades of both groups were evaluated, which allowed comparing the results obtained between the pre-test and the post-test. On the other hand, the results of the investigation show that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores obtained from the experimental group (those ones who used the ICTs) and the control group (those ones who did not use the ICTs), to affirm that the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) do positively influence the learning of the English language of the freshmen students of the school, since the asymptotic significance obtained in the U-Mann Whitney test was 0.002. It is also shown in the final results that the average range of the experimental group was 45.83, while the control group was 29.96 Finally, this research also tries to encourage the use of ICTs the in classrooms, as these provide the student with a worldview of knowledge development based on relationships with technology, also contributing to improving the quality of education within the institutions

Diagnosis and in vitro antidermatophytic sensitivity of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia tirucall / Diagnóstico e sensibilidade antidermatófita in vitro do extrato etanólico de Euphorbia tirucalli

Dermatophytosis is the most common mycosis, accounting for 5 to 10% of all superficial mycoses. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli on clinical isolates of dermatophytes obtained from 2 patients with signs and symptoms consistent with dermatophyte infection. Two dermatophyte etiologic agents, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans, were isolated from these patients. In vitro antifungal sensitivity showed that the ethanolic extract of E. tirucalli possesses antifungal activity against these strains of interest, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 125 and 250 g/mL, respectively. According to the phytochemical profile of this extract supported by infrared analysis, the antibiotic activity was attributed to the presence of flavonoids and tannins, phytoconstituents generally recognized for their pharmacological potential

Campaña de comunicación integral: APAVIT

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad promover el turismo a través de las agencias de viaje que son socias de APAVIT. Realizamos una campaña integral con el conocimiento de que ya las agencias tradicionales no suelen ser la primera opción de los turistas nacionales, incluso antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, rescatando que la coyuntura actual amerita seguridad y salubridad en todos los productos y servicios que se ofrezcan al consumidor, decidimos tener un concepto creativo: ¡Deja que el Perú te sorprenda, viaja seguro!, al cual llegamos luego de analizar los antecedentes de interés. Finalmente, mediante una estrategia de medios online y offline, pretendemos modificar la tendencia del turista nacional de viajar de manera independiente para la mayoría de sus viajes, cumpliendo con el objetivo principal de la campaña

Complement Factor H Gene Abnormalities in Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome: From Point Mutations to Hybrid Gene

Noris and Remuzzi discuss a new study showing an association between atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome and a hybrid complement gene,CFH/CFHL1

The nuclear receptor LXRα controls the functional specialization of splenic macrophages.

Macrophages are professional phagocytic cells that orchestrate innate immune responses and have considerable phenotypic diversity at different anatomical locations. However, the mechanisms that control the heterogeneity of tissue macrophages are not well characterized. Here we found that the nuclear receptor LXRα was essential for the differentiation of macrophages in the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen. LXR-deficient mice were defective in the generation of MZ and metallophilic macrophages, which resulted in abnormal responses to blood-borne antigens. Myeloid-specific expression of LXRα or adoptive transfer of wild-type monocytes restored the MZ microenvironment in LXRα-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that signaling via LXRα in myeloid cells is crucial for the generation of splenic MZ macrophages and identify an unprecedented role for a nuclear receptor in the generation of specialized macrophage subsets

Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Associated with a Hybrid Complement Gene

BACKGROUND: Sequence analysis of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) cluster of genes at chromosome position 1q32 shows evidence of several large genomic duplications. These duplications have resulted in a high degree of sequence identity between the gene for factor H (CFH) and the genes for the five factor H-related proteins (CFHL1–5; aliases CFHR1–5). CFH mutations have been described in association with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). The majority of the mutations are missense changes that cluster in the C-terminal region and impair the ability of factor H to regulate surface-bound C3b. Some have arisen as a result of gene conversion between CFH and CFHL1. In this study we tested the hypothesis that nonallelic homologous recombination between low-copy repeats in the RCA cluster could result in the formation of a hybrid CFH/CFHL1 gene that predisposes to the development of aHUS. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In a family with many cases of aHUS that segregate with the RCA cluster we used cDNA analysis, gene sequencing, and Southern blotting to show that affected individuals carry a heterozygous CFH/CFHL1 hybrid gene in which exons 1–21 are derived from CFH and exons 22/23 from CFHL1. This hybrid encodes a protein product identical to a functionally significant CFH mutant (c.3572C>T, S1191L and c.3590T>C, V1197A) that has been previously described in association with aHUS. CONCLUSIONS: CFH mutation screening is recommended in all aHUS patients prior to renal transplantation because of the high risk of disease recurrence post-transplant in those known to have a CFH mutation. Because of our finding it will be necessary to implement additional screening strategies that will detect a hybrid CFH/CFHL1 gene

Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Aims: Children with HIV exhibit chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Strategies targeting persistent inflammation are needed to improve health in people living with HIV. The gut microbiota likely interacts with the immune system, but the clinical implications of modulating the dysbiosis by nutritional supplementation are unclear. Methods: Pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which 24 HIV-infected on ART were randomized to supplementation with a daily mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids and amino acids, or placebo four weeks, in combination with ART. We analyzed inflammatory markers and T-cell activation changes and their correlations with shifts in fecal microbiota. Results: Twenty-four HIV-infected children were recruited and randomized to receive a symbiotic nutritional supplement or placebo. Mean age was 12 ± 3.9 years, 62.5% were female. All were on ART and had HIV RNA < 50/mL. We did not detect changes in inflammatory (IL-6, IL-7, IP-10), microbial translocation (sCD14), mucosal integrity markers (IFABP, zonulin) or the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, or changes in markers of the adaptive immune response in relation to the intervention. However, we found correlations between several key bacteria and the assessed inflammatory and immunological parameters, supporting a role of the microbiota in immune modulation in children with HIV. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, a four-week nutritional supplementation had no significant effects in terms of decreasing inflammation, microbial translocation, or T-cell activation in HIV-infected children. However, the correlations found support the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system

Surgical treatment for colorectal cancer: Analysis of the influence of an enhanced recovery programme on long-term oncological outcomes-a study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

Introduction The evidence currently available from enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes concerns their benefits in the immediate postoperative period, but there is still very little evidence as to whether their correct implementation benefits patients in the long term. The working hypothesis here is that, due to the lower response to surgical aggression and lower rates of postoperative complications, ERAS protocols can reduce colorectal cancer-related mortality. The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of an ERAS programme for colorectal cancer on 5-year survival. As secondary objectives, we propose to analyse the weight of each of the predefined items in the oncological results as well as the quality of life. Methods and analysis A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in patients older than 18 years of age who are scheduled to undergo surgery for colorectal cancer. The study involved 12 hospitals with an implemented enhanced recovery protocol according to the guidelines published by the Spanish National Health Service. The intervention group includes patients with a minimum implementation level of 70%, and the control group includes those who fail to reach this level. Compliance will be studied using 18 key performance indicators, and the results will be analysed using cancer survival indicators, including overall survival, cancer-specific survival and relapse-free survival. The time to recurrence, perioperative morbidity and mortality, hospital stay and quality of life will also be studied, the latter using the validated EuroQol Five questionnaire. The propensity index method will be used to create comparable treatment and control groups, and a multivariate regression will be used to study each variable. The Kaplan-Meier estimator will be used to estimate survival and the log-rank test to make comparisons. A p value of less than 0.05 (two-tailed) will be considered to be significant. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Aragon Ethical Committee (C.P.-C.I. PI20/086) on 4 March 2020. The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals (BMJ Open, JAMA Surgery, Annals of Surgery, British Journal of Surgery). Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international meetings. Trial registration number NCT04305314

Surgical treatment for colorectal cancer: Analysis of the influence of an enhanced recovery programme on long-term oncological outcomes-a study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

Introduction The evidence currently available from enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes concerns their benefits in the immediate postoperative period, but there is still very little evidence as to whether their correct implementation benefits patients in the long term. The working hypothesis here is that, due to the lower response to surgical aggression and lower rates of postoperative complications, ERAS protocols can reduce colorectal cancer-related mortality. The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of an ERAS programme for colorectal cancer on 5-year survival. As secondary objectives, we propose to analyse the weight of each of the predefined items in the oncological results as well as the quality of life. Methods and analysis A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in patients older than 18 years of age who are scheduled to undergo surgery for colorectal cancer. The study involved 12 hospitals with an implemented enhanced recovery protocol according to the guidelines published by the Spanish National Health Service. The intervention group includes patients with a minimum implementation level of 70%, and the control group includes those who fail to reach this level. Compliance will be studied using 18 key performance indicators, and the results will be analysed using cancer survival indicators, including overall survival, cancer-specific survival and relapse-free survival. The time to recurrence, perioperative morbidity and mortality, hospital stay and quality of life will also be studied, the latter using the validated EuroQol Five questionnaire. The propensity index method will be used to create comparable treatment and control groups, and a multivariate regression will be used to study each variable. The Kaplan-Meier estimator will be used to estimate survival and the log-rank test to make comparisons. A p value of less than 0.05 (two-tailed) will be considered to be significant. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Aragon Ethical Committee (C.P.-C.I. PI20/086) on 4 March 2020. The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals (BMJ Open, JAMA Surgery, Annals of Surgery, British Journal of Surgery). Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international meetings.The present research study was awarded a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación health research project grant (PI19/00291) from the Carlos III Institute of the Spanish National Health Service as part of the 2019 call for Strategic Action in Health