Development of a Low-Cost Weather Station to Measure in Situ Essential Climate Variables

A weather station is proposed especially designed for developing countries, and to meet the standards of the international scientific community making research on the earth system. The station would measure in situ several ECV (essential climate variables). These data may enable an agricultural breakthrough in countries lacking meteorological infrastructure, help in climate change monitoring, and facilitate diffusion of wind energy. A pre-feasibility analysis is presented. It appears interesting that the station is supplied by a social enterprise. A research to establish the best shelter design using computational fluid dynamics is also reported. The criterion is the accuracy with which the surface air temperature is reproduced inside the shelter. A design following recommendations by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization), a smaller design with identical geometry, and two alternative small designs are analyzed. All four designs are simulated in PVC, natural rubber and wood, with and without white paint coating. The smaller shelters perform better. The influence of the material, dimensions and design is smaller than that of the white paint. Shelters made of PVC or rubber, and/or in alternative designs, may be more interesting if other criteria are considered, like whether logistics, manufacturing, etc. are more sustainable, easier and/or cheaper.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Development of a low-cost meteorological station to measure Essential Climate Variables

This work presents preliminary research on a low-cost meteorological station for measuring in situ Essential Climate Variables (ECV): solar irradiance, surface water vapour, surface air temperature, land surface wind speed/direction, and precipitation. Important benefits can be obtained from these data: 1) optimization of irrigation systems and water input into the crops, leading to a breakthrough in agriculture in countries lacking meteorological infrastructure; 2) improvement of climate change monitoring. Availability of time series of satellite, airborne and in situ observation data, covering at least several decades, is necessary to validate climate models, which provide essential information for supporting decision-making processes relating to climate change. The proposed station could bridge some of the existing gaps in acquisition of ECV data, and would allow for calibration and validation of satellite data and derived products. While in situ measurements are essential, Earth Observation satellites are the only realistic means to obtain the necessary global coverage. With well-calibrated space-based measurements thanks to data provided by the proposed station, space-based sensors would become a key tool for climate monitoring. 3) Availability of land surface wind speed/direction data measured during extended periods of time is essential for installation/optimization of wind turbines and for construction of an aerodrome runway in a given location. Thus, the proposed station could facilitate the diffusion of wind energy. The users of the proposed station would be governments, public administrations and institutions, public and private companies, NGOs, farmers, and transnational or intergovernmental organizations. Summarizing, widespread implementation of the proposed station in areas lacking meteorological infrastructure would bring more well-being to large groups of people, and foster a more sustainable development. The objective of this work is to present a pre-feasibility analysis of the proposed station, and to report a preliminary research on the best shelter design using computational fluid dynamics software. The criterion is the accuracy with which the surface air temperature is reproduced inside the shelter in extreme temperature and solar radiation conditions, with almost no wind and with moderately strong wind. A design based on recommendations by the World Meteorological Organization and a smaller design with identical geometry were analysed. Since the performance of the latter was better, two alternative designs of similar size were studied, all in three different materials (PVC, rubber and wood), with and without white paint coating. Shelters made of PVC or rubber instead of wood, and/or in alternative designs, are probably more interesting if other criteria are taken into account.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Determinantes Del Clima Organizacional De Las Sedes De La Empresa Cosméticos Jhonvery S.A.S En La Ciudad De Sincelejo Del Departamento De Sucre, En Los Años 2019 Y 2020.

Resumen El presente proyecto estudia los determinantes del clima organizacional de la empresa Cosméticos Jhonvery S.A.S, de la ciudad de Sincelejo del departamento de Sucre, busca conocer que factores son los que componen el clima laboral de la empresa con el fin de poder brindar mejoras, en caso que se encuentren en el estudio falencias de estos determinantes del clima organizacional. Por medio del método investigativo de entrevista y plasmado en una encuesta se pretende conocer el estado en el que laboran los empleados de la empresa mencionada, si ellos laboran en un buen ambiente, si se sienten acompañados por sus jefes y compañeros, si la motivación que tienen es la indicada, entre otros aspectos que se desarrollan en el presente. Posteriormente, una vez realizada y tabulada la encuesta se analizarán los resultados y se realizarán las propuestas de mejoras, en caso que se encuentre fallas en los aspectos que determinan el clima de la organización en curso y esta podrá implementar dichas mejoras si así consideran pertinente.Abstract This project studies the determinants of the organizational climate of the company Cosméticos Jhonvery S.A.S, from the city of Sincelejo in the department of Sucre, seeks to know what factors are those that make up the working environment of the company in order to be able to provide improvements in the event that Failures of these determinants of the organizational climate are found in the study. Through the investigative method of interview and reflected in a survey, it is intended to know the state in which the employees of the aforementioned company work, if they work in a good environment, if they feel accompanied by their bosses and colleagues, if the motivation that have is indicated, among other aspects that are developed in the present. After the survey has been carried out and tabulated, the results will be analyzed and proposals for improvements will be made, in the event that flaws are found in the aspects that determine the climate of the ongoing organization and it may implement said improvements if it deems it appropriate

Defining Optimal Strength of the Nutrient Solution for Soilless Cultivation of Saffron in the Mediterranean

Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of crop production is today constrained in Europe due to both agronomic and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, interest has been increasing concerning its possible cultivation within protected environments through adoption of soilless cultivation technologies. The aim of the present study was to optimize nutrient solution features in the soilless cultivation of saffron corms. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse at Almeria University. Saffron was grown in 15-L pots filled with perlite. Three fertigation treatments were used, obtained by a linear increase of all nutrients of one standard in order to reach an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.0 (control, EC2.0), 2.5 (EC2.5) and 3.0 (EC3.0) dS·m−1. Measurements included determinations of shoot length, corm yield, as well as nutrient uptake from the nutrient solution and concentrations within plant tissues. The nutrient solution with the highest EC (EC3.0) allowed obtaining three to five times more corms above 25-mm diameter. The increasing EC had a significant effect on the increase of macronutrient uptake, except for NO3− and NH4+ and resulted in a general increase of nutrient concentrations in tissues, such as corms and roots. Both macronutrient uptake and accumulation in plant tissues were highest under EC3.0. Nutrient uptake was significantly correlated with production of larger corms due to higher horizontal diamete

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Cundinamarca Y Tolima.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Cundinamarca Y Tolima.El diplomado acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia orientado por docentes con gran experiencia en el tema, brinda a los estudiantes que se forman en Psicología y futuros profesionales en la rama, las herramientas necesarias para abordar este tipo de problemáticas que comprenden las diferentes dinámicas de la violencia ocasionadas por el conflicto armado que ha enfrentado Colombia. Las diferentes actividades programadas en el diplomado y las unidades planteadas para su desarrollo, exploración y conocimiento del tema, permitió ver desde otra óptica, la difícil situación de las víctimas, las diferentes situaciones traumáticas que vivenciaron y el complejo camino que recorrieron para ser reconocidas como víctimas para que el Estado no le vulnere sus derechos y emerger de la invisibilidad de los agentes estatales y de la comunidad en general. En este punto conviene revisar un paso muy importante que sacudió al país y fue el acuerdo de paz que se dio entre la guerrilla de las Farc y el Gobierno Nacional hace unos años atrás, que dejó a la vista las condición humana entre las más destacadas el incalculable deseo de poder, de figurar de pasar por encima incluso de quienes más padecieron los vejámenes de una guerra cruenta que aún deja sin sabores que solo el tiempo y la justicia así no sea la terrenal permitirán darle valor a todas esas voces que se apagaron pero que por medio de las narraciones siguen vivas y todo ese cúmulo de emociones de las víctimas del conflicto, han dejado una gran enseñanza como futuro Psicólogos con la oportunidad de poder ayudar a más personas en sus mismas condiciones como seres humanos que disponen su formación y don de servicio para ayudar al prójimo a afrontar y superar momentos traumáticos y potencializar el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia . Por otra parte, la actividad colaborativa estuvo enmarcada en profundizar el caso de la señora “Ligia”, para el equipo de trabajo originó gran admiración por su capacidad de resiliencia y ejemplo de supervivencia frente a situaciones adversas, fue necesario fusionar la imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para la superación de situaciones que sin duda marcan la vida de una persona puestas al servicio del otro, convirtiéndose en cimientos y ejemplos de vida. “En la foto voz”, se observada desde otra óptica, a través de la imagen y las narraciones, la fusión de la realidad y la subjetividad desde un abordaje del conflicto armado, reconstruyendo momentos que fueron de gran relevancia y que marcaron a las personas inmersas en esta arraigada realidad, surgiendo emociones negativas derivados del conflicto y que es trasformada en apoyo a su propia identidad. Palabras claves: Violencia, Conflicto armado, Víctima, Relato, Narración, Resiliencia, Voz.The graduate psychosocial accompaniment in scenarios of violence oriented by teachers with extensive experience in the subject, provides students who are trained in psychology and future professionals in the field, the necessary tools to address this type of problems that comprise the different dynamics of the violence caused by the armed conflict that Colombia has faced. The different activities programmed in the diploma course and the units proposed for its development, exploration and knowledge of the subject, allowed to see from another perspective, the difficult situation of the victims, the different traumatic situations they experienced and the complex path they traveled to be recognized as victims so that the State does not violate their rights and emerge from the invisibility of state agents and the community in general. At this point it is important to review a very important step that shook the country and it was the peace agreement that was made between the FARC guerrilla and the National Government a few years ago, which exposed the human condition among the most prominent ones. Incalculable desire for power, to appear to pass over even those who suffered most from the vexations of a bloody war that still leaves without flavors that only time and justice, even if it is not earthly, will allow to give value to all those voices that went out but that through the narrations are alive and all that accumulation of emotions of the victims of the conflict, have left a great teaching as future Psychologists with the opportunity to be able to help more people in their same conditions as human beings who have their training and gift of service to help the neighbor to face and overcome traumatic moments and potentiate the strengthening of resilience. On the other hand, the collaborative activity was framed in deepening the case of Mrs. "Ligia", for the work team originated great admiration for its capacity of resilience and example of survival in front of adverse situations, it was necessary to merge the image and the narrative as tools for overcoming situations that undoubtedly mark the life of one person put at the service of the other, becoming foundations and examples of life. "In the photo voice", it was observed from another perspective, through the image and the narrations, the fusion of reality and subjectivity from an approach of the armed conflict, reconstructing moments that were of great relevance and that marked the people immersed in this ingrained reality, arising negative emotions derived from the conflict and that is transformed in support of its own identity. Keywords: Violence, Armed Conflict, Victim, Story, Narration, Resilience, Voice

Determinantes Del Clima Organizacional De Las Sedes De La Empresa Cosméticos Jhonvery S.A.S En La Ciudad De Sincelejo Del Departamento De Sucre, En Los Años 2019 Y 2020.

Resumen El presente proyecto estudia los determinantes del clima organizacional de la empresa COSMETICOS JHONVERY S.A.S, de la ciudad de Sincelejo del departamento de Sucre, busca conocer que factores son los que componen el clima laboral de la empresa con el fin de poder brindar mejoras, en caso que se encuentren en el estudio falencias de estos determinantes del clima organizacional. Por medio del método investigativo de entrevista y plasmado en una encuesta se pretende conocer el estado en el que laboran los empleados de la empresa mencionada, si ellos laboran en un buen ambiente, si se sienten acompañados por sus jefes y compañeros, si la motivación que tienen es la indicada, entre otros aspectos que se desarrollan en el presente. Posteriormente, una vez realizada y tabulada la encuesta se analizarán los resultados y se realizarán las propuestas de mejoras, en caso que se encuentre fallas en los aspectos que determinan el clima de la organización en curso y esta podrá implementar dichas mejoras si así consideran pertinente.Abstract This project studies the determinants of the organizational climate of the company COSMETICOS JHONVERY SAS, from the city of Sincelejo in the department of Sucre, seeks to know what factors are those that make up the working environment of the company in order to be able to provide improvements in the event that Failures of these determinants of the organizational climate are found in the study. Through the investigative method of interview and reflected in a survey, it is intended to know the state in which the employees of the aforementioned company work, if they work in a good environment, if they feel accompanied by their bosses and colleagues, if the motivation that have is indicated, among other aspects that are developed in the present. After the survey has been carried out and tabulated, the results will be analyzed and proposals for improvements will be made, in the event that flaws are found in the aspects that determine the climate of the ongoing organization and it may implement said improvements if it deems it appropriate

Variation in Susceptibility to Downy Mildew Infection in Spanish Minority Vine Varieties

Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, it can appear anywhere where vines are cultivated. It is habitually controlled by the application of phytosanitary agents (copper-based or systemic) at different stages of the vine growth cycle. This, however, is costly, can lead to reduced yields, has a considerable environmental impact, and its overuse close to harvest can cause fermentation problems. All grapevines are susceptible to this disease, although the degree of susceptibility differs between varieties. Market demands and European legislation on viticulture and the use of phytosanitary agents (art. 14 of Directive 128/2009/EC) now make it important to know the sensitivity of all available varieties, including minority varieties. Such knowledge allows for a more appropriate use of phytosanitary agents, fosters the commercial use of these varieties and thus increases the offer of wines associated with different terroirs, and helps identify material for use in crop improvement programmes via crossing or genetic transformation, etc. Over 2020–2021, the susceptibility to P. viticola of 63 minority vine varieties from different regions of Spain was examined in the laboratory using the leaf disc technique. Some 87% of these varieties were highly susceptible and 11% moderately susceptible; just 2% showed low susceptibility. The least susceptible of all was the variety Morate (Madrid, IMIDRA). Those showing intermediate susceptibility included the varieties Sanguina (Castilla la Mancha, IVICAM), Planta Mula (Comunidad Valenciana, ITVE), Rayada Melonera (Madrid, IMIDRA), Zamarrica (Galicia, EVEGA), Cariñena Roja (Cataluña, INCAVI), Mandrègue (Aragón, DGA) and Bastardo Blanco (Extremadura, CICYTEX). The highly susceptible varieties could be differentiated into three subgroups depending on sporulation severity and density.This work, performed by the VIOR (Viticultura, Olivo y Rosa) group of the Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), forms part of the project “Valorización de variedades minoritarias de vid por su potencial para la diversificación vitivinícola. Resiliencia a enfermedades fúngicas influenciadas por el cambio climático” (MINORVIN) (RTI 2018-101085-RC32), funded by MCIN/AEI/, 10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development Fund.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions

The main phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and ripeness) of 53 Spanish minority varieties were studied to determine their potential to help winegrowers adapt to climate change conditions. In total, 43 varieties were studied in the same location in Spain (Alcalá de Henares, in the Madrid region) and 10 varieties in 5 other regions (Galicia, Navarre, Catalonia, Extremadura, and Andalusia). Other traits of agronomic and oenological interest, such as yield and acidity, were also monitored. The results allow for the grouping of the varieties into several clusters according to the time of ripeness (very early—only for red varieties—and early, intermediate, and late, for both red and white varieties) and yield (high, medium, and low). The total acidity in the grape juice ranged from 3 to 11 g of tartaric acid/L. The average temperatures were higher (up to 3–4 °C during summer) compared to historical averages during the 1957–2021 time period. Advanced phenology phases and reduced acidity are regarded as negative effects of climate change for winegrowing practices. Since some minority varieties showed late or intermediate ripening, high acidity, and high (1 Kg/shoot) or medium (0.5 Kg/shoot) yield, our findings suggest that they may be cultivated in the coming years by winegrowers as an approach to mitigate climate change effects.Project RTI2018-101085-R-C31, “Valorization of Minority Grapevine Varieties for their Potential for Wine Diversification and Resilience to Climate Change (MINORVIN),” funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by the ERDF, A Way to Make Europe.Peer reviewe

Personality profiles of cultures: aggregate personality traits

Personality profiles of cultures can be operationalized as the mean trait levels of culture members. College students from 51 cultures rated an individual from their country whom they knew well (N = 12, 156). Aggregate scores on Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales generalized across age and gender groups, approximated the individual-level Five-Factor Model, and correlated with aggregate self-report personality scores and other culture-level variables. Results were not attributable to national differences in economic development or to acquiescence. Geographical differences in scale variances and mean levels were replicated, with Europeans and Americans generally scoring higher in Extraversion than Asians and Africans. Findings support the rough scalar equivalence of NEO-PI-R factors and facets across cultures, and suggest that aggregate personality profiles provide insight into cultural differences