Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en centros monográficos de VIH/ITS en España

Incluye: PDF de la presentación y video del seminario.Se presenta estudio Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los centros monográficos de atención a VIH/ITS en España. Se llegaron a las siguientes conclusiones: Se pone de manifiesto el gran impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la actividad y en los profesionales de los centros de ITS/VIH. Y, se detecta un descenso de pruebas diagnósticas en el primer semestre de 2020 y en los diagnósticos con diferencias entre VIH y otras ITS.N

Ethical and legal issues related to health access for migrant populations in the Euro-Mediterranean area

The Institut National d’Hygiène (Morocco) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) are involved as a consortium in a project called "Impact of migration on HIV and TB Epidemiology in the Mediterranean Area", funded by the Sixth Framework Programme for research of the European Commission. The project started in May 2007 and is intended as a specific support action to promote international research cooperation in the Euro-Mediterranean area. In particular, its objective is to improve the capacity of the countries around the Mediterranean Basin for obtaining quality epidemiological information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) among migrants, while taking into consideration ethical and legal issues related to health in migrant populations. To this end, the project proposed to hold two workshops to bring together all the relevant stakeholders: delegates of international and national non-governmental organisations (NGOs) concerned with the process, experts and health professionals, researchers, representatives of the United Nations Agencies and other decision makers.The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of all participants of the second workshop of the project "Impact of migration on HIV and TB Epidemiology in the Mediterranean Area" and the financial support of the European Commission through the VI Framework Programme for Research (FP6) of DG RESEARCH.S

HySEA model verification for Tohoku 2011 Tsunami. Application for mitigation tsunami assessment

In many aspects Tohoku-Oki 2011 mega tsunami has changed our perception of tsunami risk. The tsunami-HySEA model is used to numerically simulate this event and observed data will we used to verify the model results. Three nested meshes of enhanced resolution (4 arc-min, 32 arc-sec and 2 arc-sec) will be used by the numerical model. The propagation mesh covers all Pacific Ocean with more of 7 million cells. An intermediate mesh with 5 millions cells contains the Japanese archipelago and, finally, two finer meshes, with nearly 8 and 6 millions cells, cover Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures at Tohoku region, the most devastated areas hit by the tsunami. The presentation will focus on the impact of the tsunami wave in these two areas and comparisons with observed data will be performed. DART buoys time series, inundation area and observed runup is used to assess model performance. The arrival time of the leading flooding wave at the vicinity of the Senday airport, as recorded by video cameras, is also used as verification data for the model. After this tsunami, control forests as well as breakwaters has been discussed as suitable mitigation infrastructures. As particular case, we will analyse the evolution of the tsunami in the area around the Sendai airport (Miyagi Prefecture) and its impact on the airport. A second simulation has been performed, assuming the existence of a coastal barrier protecting the area. The role of this barrier in modifying tsunami wave evolution and mitigating flooding effects on the airport area are discussed. The protection effect of the breakwaters near Kamaishi (Iwate Prefecture) is also assessed. The numerical model shows how these structures, although did not provide a full protection to tsunami waves, they helped to largely mitigate its effects in the area.Acknowledgements. This research has been partially supported by the Junta de Andalucía research project TESELA (P11-RNM7069), the Spanish Government Research project DAIFLUID (MTM2012-38383-C02-01) and Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. The multi-GPU computations were performed at the Laboratory of Numerical Methods (University of Malaga)

Resistencias antibióticas e Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Una situación emergente

La gonococia es una de las infecciones bacterianas de transmisión sexual más frecuentes en el mundo y una causa importante de morbilidad y secuelas si no se realiza un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. Sin embargo, el éxito del tratamiento puede verse comprometido por la presencia de cepas resistentes. En este boletín se describe la situación actual de la resistencia antibiótica a Neisseria gonorrhoeae y se revisan las recomendaciones europeas para su control.N

Learning from crises: challenges and opportunities for rural inland territories in the south-west of France after COVID-19

Aprendiendo de las crisis: retos y oportunidades para territorios rurales y de interior en el suroeste de Francia tras la COVID-19 Las restricciones de movilidad características del periodo pandémico interrumpieron la actividad turística y obligaron a los actores territoriales, y concretamente a aquellos vinculados con el sector, a adaptarse y repensar las herramientas, los procesos y las formas de relacionarse. Este contexto les puso además frente a nuevas situaciones que se vieron obligados a gestionar, como el incremento de los flujos de visitantes de proximidad en espacios naturales y abiertos. A partir de una metodología esencialmente cualitativa basada en el análisis de documentos y en entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave, este trabajo introduce una reflexión sobre las respuestas articuladas y sobre la percepción de diferentes actores frente a periodos de cambio, como el provocado por la COVID-19. El análisis de este contexto en clave de oportunidad y desafío en el caso de un territorio rural y de interior de la zona del suroeste de Francia nos lleva a la conclusión de que las crisis son escenarios que favorecen el aprendizaje. El reto se encuentra en dar continuidad a las lecciones aprendidas. Este estudio contribuye a la reflexión de modelos de desarrollo turístico coherentes con la transición socioecológica, que promuevan un turismo adecuado bajo el paradigma del decrecimiento

HySEA: An operational GPU-based model for Tsunami Early Warning Systems

HySEA numerical model for the simulation of earthquake generated tsunamis is presented. The initial sea surface deformation is computed using Okada model. Wave propagation is computed using nonlinear shallow water equations in spherical coordinates, where coastal inundation and run-up are suitable treated in the numerical algorithm. Generation, propagation and inundation phases are all integrated in a single code and computed coupled and synchronously when they occur at the same time. Inundation is modelled by allowing cells to dynamically change from dry to wet and reciprocally when water retreats from wetted areas. Special effort is made in preserving model well-balanced (i.e. capturing small perturbations to the steady state of the ocean at rest). The GPU model implementation allows faster than real time (FTRT) simulation for real large-scale problems. The large speed-ups obtained make HySEA code suitable for its use in Tsunami Early Warning Systems. The Italian TEWS at INGV (Rome) has adopted HySEA GPU code for its National System. The model is verified by hindcasting the wave behaviour in several benchmark problems. Numerical results for an earthquake-generated tsunami in the Mediterranean Sea is presented and computing time analysed. The interest of using higher order methods, analysing numerical schemes from first order up to order five, in the context of TEWS, is also addressed. Tsunami codes do not usually use higher than second order methods. It is demonstrated that this should idea should be revised.This research has been partially supported by the Junta de Andalucía research project TESELA (P11-RNM7069), the Spanish Government Research project HySEA2 (MTM2009-11923) and Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. The multi-GPU computations were performed at the Laboratory of Numerical Methods (University of Malaga)

Evaluación Institucional: Un Análisis Crítico de su Impacto y Alcance

This reflection article will highlight the nature and scope of institutional evaluation and its various dimensions. The main objectives of this essay are argumentation and analysis, primarily focusing on demonstrating the value of institutional evaluation as a key tool for the continuous development of educational institutions and organizations in general. Different angles, benefits, and challenges surrounding this topic will be investigated. In a dynamic world where institutional evaluation stands as a crucial pillar for progress and excellence, the relevance of this study lies in the need for adaptation and continuous improvement. We will delve into fundamental topics such as institutional research and the disciplinary frameworks that underpin institutional evaluation. We will also explore how it is incorporated into the education policies of various nations and how it contributes to creating fair and effective educational systems, where institutional evaluation is a public duty, a mechanism of social control, and a democratic component, emphasizing its connection to transparency and citizen participation. The structure of the article will be divided into several interrelated sections that provide a comprehensive examination of institutional evaluation and its significant impact on institutions.Este artículo de reflexión resaltará la naturaleza y alcance de la evaluación institucional y sus diversas dimensiones. Los objetivos principales de este ensayo son argumentos y análisis, centrándose principalmente en demostrar el valor de la evaluación institucional como herramienta clave para el desarrollo continuo de las instituciones y organizaciones educativas en general. Se investigarán diferentes ángulos, beneficios y dificultades que rodean este tema. En un mundo dinámico donde la evaluación institucional se presenta como un pilar crucial para el avance y la excelencia, la relevancia de este estudio radica en la necesidad de adaptación y mejora continua. Hablaremos de temas fundamentales como la investigación institucional y los marcos disciplinarios que sustentan la evaluación institucional. También veremos cómo se incorpora a las políticas educativas de varias naciones y cómo ayuda a crear sistemas educativos justos y eficaces, donde la evaluación institucional es un deber público, un mecanismo de control social y un componente democrático, enfatizando su relación con la apertura y la participación ciudadana. La estructura del artículo se dividirá en varias secciones que están relacionadas entre sí y ofrecen un examen exhaustivo de la evaluación institucional y su enorme impacto en las instituciones

Effectiveness of a training programme to improve hand hygiene compliance in primary healthcare

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hand hygiene is the most effective measure for preventing infections related to healthcare, and its impact on the reduction of these infections is estimated at 50%. Non-compliance has been highlighted in several studies in hospitals, although none have been carried out in primary healthcare.</p> <p>Main objective</p> <p>To evaluated the effect of a "Hand Hygiene for the reduction of healthcare-associated infections" training program for primary healthcare workers, measured by variation from correct hand hygiene compliance, according to regulatory and specific criteria, 6 months after the baseline, in the intervention group (group receiving a training program) and in the control group (a usual clinical practice).</p> <p>Secondary objectives</p> <p>-To describe knowledges, attitudes and behaviors as regards hand hygiene among the professionals, and their possible association with "professional burnout", stratifying the results by type of group (intervention and usual clinical practice).</p> <p>-To estimate the logistic regression model that best explains hand hygiene compliance.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Experimental study of parallel groups, with a control group, and random assignment by Health Center.</p> <p>Area of study.- Health centers in north-eastern Madrid (Spain).</p> <p>Sample studied.- Healthcare workers (physicians, odontostomatologists, pediatricians, nurses, dental hygienists, midwife and nursing auxiliaries).</p> <p>Intervention.- A hand hygiene training program, including a theoretical-practical workshop, provision of alcohol-based solutions and a reminder strategy in the workplace.</p> <p>Other variables: sociodemographic and professional knowledges, attitudes, and behaviors with regard to hand hygiene.</p> <p>Statistical Analysis: descriptive and inferential, using multivariate methods (covariance analysis and logistic regression).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will provide valuable information on the prevalence of hand hygiene non-compliance, and improve healthcare.</p

Descripción del perfil psicológico del paciente bariátrico: Obesidad Infantil, Apego y satisfacción de la relación de pareja

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in recent years, being the third cause of death in developed countries. Although bariatric surgery seems to be the most effective method, a significant percentage of patients have suboptimal results. As a preventive measure, patients are previously evaluated to determine if they are suitable for surgery. The present study examines if the story of childhood obesity, the attachment and the satisfaction in the romantic relationship, are related with the diagnosis orientation. The sample was composed by 411 patients with morbid obesity, candidates for bariatric surgery, from the Hospital Virgen del Rocío in Seville. The data were obtained through sociodemographic and clinical templates, the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Melero and Cantero, 2008) and a escale of the relationship satisfaction. The study concluded that the unsuitable subjects had in a larger proportion a story of childhood obesity, have an insecure attachment style and a lower level of satisfaction in their relationship, being more notable in the case of women. Therefore, it is necessary to continue investigating the psychological variables related to obesity in order to address these aspects in the preoperative phase through psychological treatments, to ensure a greater effectiveness in the fight against the obesityLa obesidad ha alcanzado en los últimos años proporciones épicas, siendo la tercera causa de muerte en los países desarrollados. Aunque la cirugía bariátrica, parece ser el método más eficaz, un porcentaje significativo de pacientes tienen resultados subóptimos. Como prevención, se evalúa previamente a los candidatos para determinar si son aptos para la cirugía. El presente estudio investiga si la historia de obesidad infantil, el apego y la satisfacción de la relación de pareja se relacionan con la orientación diagnóstica. La muestra se compuso por 411 pacientes del Hospital Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla con obesidad mórbida candidatos a cirugía bariátrica. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante plantillas sociodemográficas y clínicas, el Cuestionario de Apego Adulto (Melero y Cantero, 2008) y una escala de medición de la satisfacción de la relación de pareja. El estudio concluyó que los sujetos no aptos, presentaban en mayor medida historias de obesidad infantil, un estilo de apego inseguro y un menor nivel de satisfacción en su relación de pareja, siendo más notable en el caso de las mujeres. Por consiguiente, es necesario seguir investigando las variables psicológicas relacionadas con la obesidad a fin de abordar en la fase preoperatoria dichos aspectos mediante tratamientos psicológicos y asegurar así una mayor eficacia en la lucha contra la obesidad.

Deslizamientos submarinos y tsunamis en el Mar de Alborán. Un ejemplo de modelización numérica

Texto científico de carácter divulgativo.Texto científico de carácter divulgativo en el que se presenta un trabajo de modelado matemático y simulación numérica de un hipotético tsunami producido en el Mar de Alborán por un deslizamiento masivo de materiales en el flanco sur de la Dorsal de Alborán.Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Universidad de Málaga