Nutritional supplements: knowledge and behaviors of portuguese athletes

Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoIntroduction: Supplementation is a practice that has gained popularity among athletes, especially in elite individuals, related with increased physical demands. Several are the reasons for taking nutritional supplements, related to health or sports performance. Objective: To assess the prevalence of nutritional supplements in athletes, including: the type of supplements use, sources of information and main reasons for their usage. Methods: Ninety two athletes (n=92) (41.3% female and 58.7% male) of five different sports participated voluntarily. A thirty-one questionnaire was used characterizing the prevalence of supplement use, sources of information and the main reasons for consumption. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 22 for Windows. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. T-tests and Chi-square were applied and the significant level used was 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Only 24 athletes (26.1%) consumed nutritional supplements with a mean of 3 supplements per athletes. Multivitaminics/minerals and protein supplements were the most used (50.0%) and significant associations were found between protein usage and age, gender and education. The main reasons for taking supplements were related to sports performance and the principal source of information was the physician (45.8%) followed by him/herself (20.8%). Twelve significant associations were found between the most consumed supplements and the reasons for taking. The presence of a healthy diet (60.3%) was the main reason for not taking supplements. Conclusion: Few athletes in this study used supplements, and the level of competition can be one of the factors for this result. Errors were found liking the reasons and the type of supplement, which can be related with the adviser. This error shows the necessity for education about this theme at all the engaging parts around the athletes’ life.Introdução: A toma de suplementos é uma prática que cada vez mais ganha popularidade entre os atletas, principalmente em atletas de elite, estando relacionado com o aumento das exigências físicas. São várias as razões da toma de suplementos, quer a nível da saúde, quer a nível do desempenho desportivo e esta prática muitas vezes é guiada por fontes não credíveis. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de suplementos em atletas incluindo o tipo de suplementos consumidos, as fontes de informação e as rasões para a sua toma. Métodos: Noventa e dois atletas (41,3% do sexo feminino e 58,7% do sexo masculino) de cinco modalidades diferentes participaram voluntariamente. Foi utilizado um questionário com trinta e uma questões caracterizando a prevalência do uso de suplementos, as fontes de informação e as principais razões para o consumo. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados através do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) versão 22 para o Windows. Para as variáveis contínuas foi calculada a média e o desvio padrão e percentagens para as variáveis categóricas. Teste t-student foi aplicado nas variáveis contínuas e o de qui-quadrado para as categóricas e foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Apenas 24 atletas (26,1%) consumiam suplementos, com uma média de três suplementos por atleta. Os suplementos mais consumidos foram os multivitamínicos/minerais e os suplementos de proteína (50%) e foram encontradas associações significativas entre o consumo de proteína e a idade, sexo e escolaridade. As razões mais citadas estavam relacionadas com o desempenho desportivo, e a principal fonte de informação foi o médico (45,8%) seguido pelo próprio (20.8%). Foram encontradas doze associações significativas entre os suplementos mais consumidos e as razões para o seu consumo. A presença de uma alimentação saudável (60,3%) foi o principal motivo para o não consumo de suplementos. Conclusão: Foram poucos os atletas da amostra que tomavam suplementos, sendo o nível de competição um dos possíveis fatores para esta prevalência. Foram encontrados erros de concordância entre o consumo de suplementos e a razão para a sua toma, podendo estar relacionado com a sua fonte de informação. Estes erros demonstram a necessidade de educação acerca este tema a todas as partes envolventes na vida desportiva do atleta.N/

Endividamento dos particulares e suas consequências

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições FinanceirasA temática endividamento encontra-se presente no nosso quotidiano. A controversa do excessivo endividamento dos particulares e as dificuldades sentidas no cumprimento das suas obrigações, é preocupante, sobretudo se relacionarmos as dificuldades que os particulares estão a sentir em liquidar os seus créditos, com o consecutivo aumento da taxa de desemprego. Nos últimos três anos, os níveis de endividamento atingidos pelos particulares, foram os mais altos das últimas duas décadas. Com esta investigação pretende-se compreender quais as causas que contribuíram para o endividamento dos particulares, o que os motivou no consequente recurso ao crédito, bem como a responsabilidade que as campanhas de marketing das instituições bancárias tiveram neste conceito. Desta forma torna-se imprescindível identificar alternativas para que as famílias não entrem em incumprimento. É extremamente importante que os particulares tenham consciência da importância de uma boa gestão do seu orçamento, tendo presente o conceito de literacia financeira

A note on occupational accidents in Portugal from 2000 to 2018

For economic and other reasons, there is a pressing need to improve occupational safety and health conditions in the European Union. In Portugal, this need is even more urgent as it has been verified that occupational accidents number and incidence rate are higher than in most of the European Union countries. The uneasiness caused by these values determined their reduction as the main objective of the Portuguese National Strategy for the Promotion of Safety and Health at Work for the years 2015-2020. Previous studies on occupational accidents in Portugal, presented different approaches to the problem, almost always focusing on accidents in specific activities. Considering the impact that occupational accidents have on the health and lives of workers, but also for companies and the country, it is also pertinent and relevant to look at the global present situation of occupational accidents in Portugal and compare Portugal’s indicators with those of the European Union. To this end, an analysis of occupational accidents in Portugal and in European Union was carried out, using the most recent data provided by PORDATA

Preventing Atomicity Violations with Contracts

Software developers are expected to protect concurrent accesses to shared regions of memory with some mutual exclusion primitive that ensures atomicity properties to a sequence of program statements. This approach prevents data races but may fail to provide all necessary correctness properties.The composition of correlated atomic operations without further synchronization may cause atomicity violations. Atomic violations may be avoided by grouping the correlated atomic regions in a single larger atomic scope. Concurrent programs are particularly prone to atomicity violations when they use services provided by third party packages or modules, since the programmer may fail to identify which services are correlated. In this paper we propose to use contracts for concurrency, where the developer of a module writes a set of contract terms that specify which methods are correlated and must be executed in the same atomic scope. These contracts are then used to verify the correctness of the main program with respect to the usage of the module(s). If a contract is well defined and complete, and the main program respects it, then the program is safe from atomicity violations with respect to that module. We also propose a static analysis based methodology to verify contracts for concurrency that we applied to some real-world software packages. The bug we found in Tomcat 6.0 was immediately acknowledged and corrected by its development team

Educating the new generation journalist : from moodle to facebook

The education of journalists is beginning to use social media tools extensively as a reflection of the fact that society now lives, not just with technology, but in technology. The action research project we describe in this paper, which is still in progress, tries to answer the question: “how can we educate the new generation journalist by exploring innovative learning experiences based on social contexts mediated by technology?” The analysis of the data collected so far reveals increased motivation and participation of the students in the learning experience, closer connection to the reality of the profession, and improvement of the students’ personal skills in the area of journalism. The recent migration of the project to Facebook is now offering outside visibility and contact with journalism professionals from outside the academic world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimization of Image Processing Algorithms for Character Recognition in Cultural Typewritten Documents

Linked Data is used in various fields as a new way of structuring and connecting data. Cultural heritage institutions have been using linked data to improve archival descriptions and facilitate the discovery of information. Most archival records have digital representations of physical artifacts in the form of scanned images that are non-machine-readable. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) recognizes text in images and translates it into machine-encoded text. This paper evaluates the impact of image processing methods and parameter tuning in OCR applied to typewritten cultural heritage documents. The approach uses a multi-objective problem formulation to minimize Levenshtein edit distance and maximize the number of words correctly identified with a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to tune the methods' parameters. Evaluation results show that parameterization by digital representation typology benefits the performance of image pre-processing algorithms in OCR. Furthermore, our findings suggest that employing image pre-processing algorithms in OCR might be more suitable for typologies where the text recognition task without pre-processing does not produce good results. In particular, Adaptive Thresholding, Bilateral Filter, and Opening are the best-performing algorithms for the theatre plays' covers, letters, and overall dataset, respectively, and should be applied before OCR to improve its performance.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure

As emoções morais : a vergonha, a culpa, e as bases motivacionais do ser humano

Tese de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2008Vergonha e Culpa são duas emoções que fazem parte do nosso quotidiano e têm impacto na forma como lidamos com as situações. Por isso, é pertinente perceber quais os seus fundamentos de base. Para tal, neste estudo, propusemos três hipóteses, que relacionam estas duas emoções com o grau de internalização das motivações, tal como conceptualizado pela Teoria da Auto-Determinação: (a) sentimentos de culpa relacionam-se com motivações internalizadas, (b) sentimentos de vergonha com motivações parcialmente internalizadas, e (c) face a situações onde a motivação é exclusivamente extrínseca não se sentiria nenhuma destas emoções. Os resultados são concordantes com as hipóteses a) e c); quanto à hipótese b), o padrão de resultados esperado ocorreu, não para a vergonha, mas para uma reacção que lhe está frequentemente associada (agressividade). Esta confirmação indirecta da nossa hipótese poderá ser devida a problemas metodológicos na avaliação das emoções, particularmente para o caso da vergonha.Shame and Guilt are two emotions that are part of our daily lives and have an impact on how we deal with situations. Therefore, it is relevant to understand their foundations. To this end, in this study, we put forward three hypotheses, that relate these two emotions to the degree of internalization of motivations, as conceptualized in Self-Determination Theory: (a) feelings of guilt are related to internalized motivations, (b) feelings of shame are related to partially internalized motivations, and (c) in situations where the motivation is exclusively extrinsic, none of these emotions is felt. The results are consistent with hypotheses a) and c); as to hypothesis b), the expected pattern of results was found, not for shame, but for a reaction often associated to it (aggressiveness). This indirect confirmation of our hypothesis may be due to methodological problems in the assessment of emotions, particularly in the case of shame

Reflections on teaching performance studies for community-based theatre in Portugal

This paper presents a set of reflections made in relation to experiences that happened in the first year of the first course for the Masters Degree in Theatrical Activities in the Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. It looks at the curricular structure of this course and focuses especially on the course backbone - Performance Studies. The text discusses the fundamental questions that guided the content framework of Performance Studies and the way that this course sought to articulate epistemological, teaching and learning concerns, while simultaneously meeting the inherent heterogeneous needs of the target audience; namely, in relation to the initial training of students, their different goals, as well as their degrees of theatrical literacy and experience. Finally, it reflects on the constituent modules of the curricular unit that best illustrates the goals of theatrical research opened up by the deconstruction and use of the concept of performance in a training contextCIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), PortugalFundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reflexiones en torno a una formación en animación teatral

O presente texto reúne um conjunto de reflexões elaboradas em torno da experiência do primeiro ano de implementação do Mestrado de Animação Teatral do Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho. Debruça-se sobre a estrutura curricular deste curso, de modo particular sobre aquela que é por excelência a sua unidade curricular eixo, Estudos Performativos. O texto problematiza as questões fundamentais que orientaram o travejamento conteudinal dos Estudos Performativos e o modo como nesta unidade de conhecimento se procurou articular preocupações epistemológicas e de ensino e aprendizagem e, simultaneamente, responder às necessidades inerentes à heterogeneidade do público alvo, no que se refere à sua formação inicial, aos diferentes sentidos e graus de literacia e fruição teatral. Finalmente, reflete sobre os blocos conteudinais da unidade curricular que melhor ilustram o sentido de pesquisa teatral que a desconstrução e o uso do conceito de performance nos permitiramconvocar no contexto de formação.This paper presents a set of reflections made in relation to experiences that happened in the first year of the first course for the Masters Degree in Theatrical Activities in the Institute of Education, University of Minho. It looks at the curricular structure of this course and focuses especially on the course backbone - Performance Studies. The text discusses the fundamental questions that guided the content framework of Performance Studies and the way that this unit of knowledge sought to articulate epistemological,teaching and learning concerns, while simultaneously meeting the inherent heterogeneous needs of the target audience; namely, in relation to the initial training of students, their different goals, as well as their degrees of theatrical literacy and experience. Finally, it reflects on the constituent modules of the curricular unit that best illustrates the goals of the theatrical research opened up by the deconstruction and use of the concept of performance in the training context.El presente trabajo reúne un conjunto de reflexiones centradas en la experiencia del primer año de desarrollo del Máster de Animación Teatral del Instituto de Educación de la Universidade do Minho. Se detalla la estructura curricular de este curso, particularmente la de aquella que es, por excelencia, su unidad curricular vertebral: Estudios de la Interpretación. El trabajo polemiza en torno a las cuestiones básicas que orientaron la estructuración de los contenidos de los Estudios de la Interpretación y en torno al modo como, en esta unidad de conocimiento, se intentaron articular simultáneamente preocupaciones de tipo epistemológico y de enseñanza/aprendizaje, de un lado, y necesidades inherentes a la heterogeneidad de los destinatarios en lo referente a su formación previa y a su diferente sentido y nivel de conocimiento práctico y disfrute del teatro, de otro lado. Finalmente, el trabajo reflexiona sobre los bloques de contenido de la unidad curricular que mejor ilustran el sentido de investigación teatral al que la deconstrucción y el uso del concepto de interpretación nos permitieron acceder en el contexto de formación.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), PortugalFundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio