251 research outputs found
Composition Floristique, Diversité Et Structure Des EspÚces ForestiÚres Alimentaires De La Région De Sikasso Au Sud Du Mali
Le prĂ©sent travail a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ© dans le but dâĂ©valuer la composition floristique, la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique et la structure des espĂšces forestiĂšres locales alimentaires en vue de lutter contre la malnutrition. Il a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans des villages de quatre massifs forestiers naturels appartenant Ă deux zones agroĂ©cologiques au Sud du Mali, soit deux villages par zone. Au niveau de chaque massif forestier, les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es dans 10 placettes de 50 m x 50 m suivant un Ă©chantillonnage systĂ©matique Ă un degrĂ©. Dans chaque placette, tous les individus ligneux ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s. Les donnĂ©es dendromĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es sur chaque arbre (diamĂštre Ă hauteur de poitrine appelĂ©e en anglais « diameter at breast height » en abrĂ©gĂ© « d.b.h. » et la hauteur totale des tiges). Au niveau de chaque placette, le comptage de lâeffectif total des jeunes plants (diamĂštre Ă hauteur de poitrine < 3 cm) a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© dans cinq placeaux de 25 mÂČ suivant un Ă©chantillonnage systĂ©matique Ă deux degrĂ©s. Les relevĂ©s effectuĂ©s ont permis de recenser 89 espĂšces ligneuses appartenant Ă 73 genres et 30 familles botaniques. Les espĂšces alimentaires reprĂ©sentent 34,83 % des espĂšces inventoriĂ©es. Des diffĂ©rences significatives de densitĂ©, de hauteur totale et de surface terriĂšre moyenne ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es entre les massifs forestiers. La densitĂ© la plus Ă©levĂ©e est observĂ©e au niveau du massif forestier de Badogo (71 arbres/ha) et la plus faible au niveau de Sorobasso (24 arbres/ha) qui prĂ©sente le plus fort taux de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration (2,88 %). Lâanalyse des structures en classe de diamĂštre des populations dâespĂšces alimentaires les plus abondantes (Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, Lophira lanceolata, Parkia biglobosa et Borassus aethiopum) a montrĂ© des tendances variables. Des stratĂ©gies de domestication et de multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative des espĂšces sâavĂšrent nĂ©cessaires pour assurer la disponibilitĂ© de la ressource en vue de lutter contre la malnutrition.
The present work was launched to assess the floristic composition and structure of the native forest food species in order to tackle malnutrition. It was carried out in four natural forest from villages in two agro-ecological zones (two villages per agro-ecological zone) in southern Mali. In each natural forest, data were collected in 10 plots of 50 x 50 m using sampling systematic to one degree. In each plot, all tree were measured. Dendrometric data were collected on each tree (diameter at breast height or d.b.h and totalstem height). In each plot, the total number of seedlings (diameter at breast height < 3 cm) was carried out within five 25 mÂČ plots using sampling systematic to two degrees. The inventories were recorded 89 native forest species belonging to 73 genera and 30 botanical families. Native edible species were represented 34.83% of the overall inventoried species. Significant differences were observed between natural forest for average density per hectare, average height and average basal area. The high density was observed in Badogo (71 trees.ha -1 ), while the less in Sorobasso (24 trees.ha -1 ) which present the high regeneration rate (2.88%). The analysis of population diameter structures for Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, Lophira lanceolata, Parkia biglobosa and Borassus aethiopum showed variable trends. Domestication and vegetative propagation strategies of the species are needed to ensure the availability of the resource to combat malnutrition
Effet de lâinsertion des plantes de couverture sur la productivitĂ© du systĂšme de culture Ă base de maĂŻs dans le cadre de lâintĂ©gration agriculture-Ă©levage
En zone soudano-sahĂ©lienne, la productivitĂ© des cultures est limitĂ©e par les effets nĂ©fastes du changement climatique et la pauvretĂ© des sols. Lâinsertion des plantes de couverture dans les systĂšmes de production pourrait ĂȘtre une alternative dâamĂ©lioration des rendements et de la biomasse. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la pratique conventionnelle de la culture du maĂŻs a Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©e pendant cinq annĂ©es (2014-2018), Ă quatre systĂšmes de culture associant des plantes de couverture. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental utilisĂ© a Ă©tĂ© un bloc de Fisher avec 6 traitements en 4 rĂ©pĂ©titions. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que lâinsertion du Cajanus cajan, du Stylosanthes hamata, du Brachiaria ruziziensis et Mucuna cochinchinensis dans un systĂšme de culture Ă base du maĂŻs permet dâamĂ©liorer la production de biomasse fourragĂšre sans nĂ©gativement affecter son rendement. UtilisĂ©e dans la supplĂ©mentation des animaux, la biomasse produite peut nourrir pendant 90 jours 7 unitĂ©s de bĂ©tail tropical (UBT) en culture pure du maĂŻs et 8 Ă 13 unitĂ©s de bĂ©tail tropical (UBT) en fonction du type de plantes de couverture. Dans le cadre de la production fumure organique, les mĂȘmes tendances de variations ont Ă©tĂ© obtenues en fonction des systĂšmes de culture. Lâinsertion des plantes de couverture est un Ă©lĂ©ment intĂ©grateur agriculture-Ă©levage.Mots clĂ©s : Changement climatique, maĂŻs, lĂ©gumineuse, biomasse fourragĂšre, zone Soudano-sahĂ©lienne, Mali
English Title: Cover crop insertion effect on productivity of maize-based cropping system in the context of crop-livestock integrationIn Sudano-Sahelian zone, crop productivity is limited by climate change effect and poor soils. Inserting cover crops into production systems could be an alternative to improve yields and biomass. To achieve this goal, conventional practice of maize cultivation was compared over a five-year period (2014-2018) with four cropping systems using cover crops. The experimental design used was a Fisher block with 6 treatments in 4 replicates. The results showed that the insertion of Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes hamata, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna cochinchinensis in a maize-based cropping system improves biomass production without negatively affecting its yield. Used in animal supplementation, the biomass produced can feed 7 Tropical Livestock Units (UBT) of pure maize crop and 8 to 13 UBT for 90 days, depending on the type of cover crop. In the case of organic manure production, the same variations were obtained depending on cropping systems. The insertion of cover crops in cropping system is an integrating agriculture-livestock component.Keywords: Climate change, maize, legumes, fodder biomass, fodder biomass, Sudano-Sahelian zone, Mali
Cavernomatose cĂ©rĂ©brale sporadique rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par une crise convulsive: Ă propos dâun cas
La cavernomatose cĂ©rĂ©brale est une pathologie rare pouvant ĂȘtre sporadique ou familiale autosomique dominante. Elle est caractĂ©risĂ©e par la prĂ©sence de cavernomes multiples du systĂšme nerveux central. Souvent asymptomatique, la pathologie peut se rĂ©vĂ©ler par des symptĂŽmes variĂ©s comme lâhĂ©morragie cĂ©rĂ©bro-mĂ©ningĂ©e, les cĂ©phalĂ©es ou lâĂ©pilepsie. Nous rapportons un cas de cavernomatose cĂ©rĂ©brale sporadique chez un patient de 55 ans sans antĂ©cĂ©dent pathologique particulier rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© par une crise dâĂ©pilepsie. A travers cette observation et une revue de la littĂ©rature, nous faisons le point sur les aspects cliniques et radiologiques (scanner et IRM) de cette pathologie
Kyste géant para-urétral feminine
Le kyste gĂ©ant para-urĂ©tral fĂ©minin infectĂ© est rarement rapportĂ© dans la littĂ©rature. Ce kyste est diffĂ©rent du diverticule sous urĂ©tral sur le plan clinique, diagnostique et thĂ©rapeutique. Sa pathogĂ©nie se confond avec celle des diverticules sous urĂ©traux. Son traitement nâest pas bien codifiĂ©, vu sa raretĂ©. Nous rapportons un cas atypique de kyste gĂ©ant para urĂ©tral infectĂ© chez une jeune femme de 26 ans. Le kyste Ă©tait symptomatique et la patiente a eu un traitement chirurgical. Nous discutons les aspects cliniques, diagnostiques et thĂ©rapeutiques de cette entitĂ© rare Ă travers une revue de la littĂ©rature.Key words: Kyste gĂ©ant, para urĂ©tral, fĂ©minin, chirurgi
Variabilité morphologique du baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) au Mali
Introduction Le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) est un arbre caractĂ©ristique du paysage agricole dans les zones semi-arides dâAfrique. Il est utilisĂ© quotidiennement par la population locale africaine. La diversitĂ© des services et des produits du baobab suggĂšre dâeffectuer une Ă©valuation de sa variabilitĂ© morphologique afin dâavoir une meilleure connaissance de son potentiel. Notre article a cherchĂ© Ă identifier des descripteurs morphologiques discriminants chez le baobab en relation avec la diversitĂ© agro-Ă©cologique du Mali. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes Notre Ă©valuation a concernĂ© huit provenances de baobab reparties sur lâensemble de son aire de distribution gĂ©ographique au Mali. Elle a portĂ© sur les caractĂšres foliaires, fruitiers et sur ceux liĂ©s aux graines. Le coefficient de variation a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© pour Ă©valuer la variabilitĂ©. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es par analyse de variance et analyse multi-variĂ©e. RĂ©sultats Une importante variabilitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e selon les provenances et les descripteurs utilisĂ©s. Les descripteurs morphologiques discriminants pour les baobabs que nous avons Ă©chantillonnĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© la longueur et la largeur des fruits, la longueur du pĂ©doncule des fruits, la longueur, la largeur et le nombre de lobes des feuilles
Placental malaria and low birth weight in pregnant women living in a rural area of Burkina Faso following the use of three preventive treatment regimens
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The weekly chemoprophylaxis of malaria during pregnancy with chloroquine (CQ) has become problematic with the increasing resistance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>to this drug. There was a need to test the benefits of new strategies over the classical chemoprophylaxis. This study was conducted to provide data to the National Malarial Control Programme for an evidence-based policy change decision making process. It compares the efficacy of two IPT regimens, using chloroquine (CQ) or sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP), with the classical chemoprophylaxis regimen using CQ in reducing the adverse outcomes of malaria infection, for the mother and the foetus.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pregnant women attending the first antenatal care visit were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment regimens. They were subsequently followed up till delivery. Maternal, placental and cord blood samples were obtained upon delivery to check for <it>P. falciparum </it>infection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 648 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Delivery outcome were available for 423 of them. Peripheral maternal <it>P. falciparum </it>infection at delivery was found in 25.8% of the women. The proportion of women with maternal infection was significantly lower in the IPTp/SP group than in the CQ group (P << 0.000). The prevalence of placental malaria was 18.8% in the CWC/CQ group; 15.9% in the IPTp/CQ group and 10.6% in the IPTp/SP group. The incidence of LBW (weigth < 2,500 g) was significantly higher among infants of mothers in the CWC/CQ group (23.9%) as compared with those of mothers in the IPTp/CQ (15.6%) and IPTp/SP (11.6%) groups (p = 0.02)</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Intermittent preventive treatment with SP has shown clear superiority in reducing adverse outcomes at delivery, as compared with intermittent preventive treatment with CQ and classical chemoprophylaxis with CQ.</p
Transplacental Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in a Highly Malaria Endemic Area of Burkina Faso
Malaria congenital infection constitutes a major risk in malaria endemic areas. In this study, we report the prevalence of transplacental malaria in Burkina Faso. In labour and delivery units, thick and thin blood films were made from maternal, placental, and umbilical cord blood to determine malaria infection. A total of 1,309 mother/baby pairs were recruited. Eighteen cord blood samples (1.4%) contained malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum). Out of the 369 (28.2%) women with peripheral positive parasitemia, 211 (57.2%) had placental malaria and 14 (3.8%) had malaria parasites in their umbilical cord blood. The umbilical cord parasitemia levels were statistically associated with the presence of maternal peripheral parasitemia (OR = 9.24, P âȘ 0.001), placental parasitemia (OR = 10.74, P âȘ 0.001), high-density peripheral parasitemia (OR = 9.62, P âȘ 0.001), and high-density placental parasitemia (OR = 4.91, P = 0.03). In Burkina Faso, the mother-to-child transmission rate of malaria appears to be low
Lâappendagite aiguĂ« : une Ă©tiologie rare Ă ne pas mĂ©connaĂźtre dans les douleurs abdominales: Acute appendagitis: a rare etiology not to be overlooked in abdominal pain
Acute appendagitis is a rare cause of abdominal pain. Its diagnosis is based on medical imaging and its treatment is medical. We report a case of acute appendagitis diagnosed on the abdominal CT scan in the context of epigastralgia.
Lâappendagite aiguĂ« est une cause rare de douleurs abdominales. Son diagnostic repose sur lâimagerie mĂ©dicale et son traitement est mĂ©dical. Nous rapportons un cas dâappendagite aiguĂ« diagnostiquĂ©e au scanner abdominal au dĂ©cours dâune mise au point dâĂ©pigastralgies
Diversité et Occurrence des Ravageurs dans les AgroécosystÚmes Maraßchers en Basse Casamance, Sénégal
Les arthropodes ravageurs des cultures constituent une menace permanente pour la production horticole. La plupart des familles dâarthropode sont trĂšs mal connues dans la zone agroĂ©cologique de la Casamance car peu de travaux de recherches ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s. Une meilleure connaissance des ravageurs facilite le choix des stratĂ©gies de lutte. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer lâoccurrence et la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique des ravageurs associĂ©s aux cultures maraĂźchĂšres. Une Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e sur 144 parcelles situĂ©es dans trois localitĂ©s de la zone agroĂ©cologique de la Casamance. Lâinventaire des arthropodes ravageurs des cultures a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© dans les pĂ©rimĂštres maraĂźchers. Des indices Ă©cologiques sont calculĂ©s pour Ă©valuer diversitĂ© des ravageurs. Un nombre de 4882 spĂ©cimens de ravageurs dont 65 espĂšces rĂ©parties dans sept ordres et 28 familles sont collectĂ©s sur 17 plantes hĂŽtes. Quatre ordres de ravageurs attaquent la moitiĂ© des plantes hĂŽtes Ă©chantillonnĂ©es. Un total de 51 espĂšces a une prĂ©sence de 100%. La diversitĂ© des ravageurs est plus Ă©levĂ©e Ă Oussouye alors que lâabondance est plus Ă©levĂ©e Ă Ziguinchor. La connaissance de la diversitĂ© et de la distribution des ravageurs facilitent la mise en place de stratĂ©gies alternatives de lutte en vue de prĂ©server la filiĂšre maraĂźchĂšre.
Arthropod pests of crops are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Most arthropod families are poorly known in the Casamance agroecological zone because little research has been done. A better knowledge of the pests facilitates the choice of control strategies. The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence and specific diversity of pests associated with crops. A study was conducted on 144 plots located in three localities of the Casamance agroecological zone. The inventory of crop pests were carried out in the market gardens. Ecological indices were calculated to assess pest diversity. A total of 4882 pest specimens including 65 species in seven orders and 28 families were collected from 17 host plants. Four orders of pests attacked half of the sampled host plants. A total of 51 species have a 100% occurrence. Pest diversity is higher in Oussouye, while abundance is higher in Ziguinchor. Knowledge of the diversity and distribution of pests facilitates the development of alternative control strategies to preserve the market gardening sector
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