342 research outputs found
Active Prompting with Chain-of-Thought for Large Language Models
The increasing scale of large language models (LLMs) brings emergent
abilities to various complex tasks requiring reasoning, such as arithmetic and
commonsense reasoning. It is known that the effective design of task-specific
prompts is critical for LLMs' ability to produce high-quality answers. In
particular, an effective approach for complex question-and-answer tasks is
example-based prompting with chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, which
significantly improves the performance of LLMs. However, current CoT methods
rely on a fixed set of human-annotated exemplars, which are not necessarily the
most effective examples for different tasks. This paper proposes a new method,
Active-Prompt, to adapt LLMs to different tasks with task-specific example
prompts (annotated with human-designed CoT reasoning). For this purpose, we
propose a solution to the key problem of determining which questions are the
most important and helpful ones to annotate from a pool of task-specific
queries. By borrowing ideas from the related problem of uncertainty-based
active learning, we introduce several metrics to characterize the uncertainty
so as to select the most uncertain questions for annotation. Experimental
results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method, achieving
state-of-the-art on eight complex reasoning tasks. Further analyses of
different uncertainty metrics, pool sizes, zero-shot learning, and
accuracy-uncertainty relationship demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Our code will be available at https://github.com/shizhediao/active-prompt.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 11 table
Characterization of anti-leukemia components from Indigo naturalis using comprehensive two-dimensional K562/cell membrane chromatography and in silico target identification.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been developed for thousands of years and has formed an integrated theoretical system based on a large amount of clinical practice. However, essential ingredients in TCM herbs have not been fully identified, and their precise mechanisms and targets are not elucidated. In this study, a new strategy combining comprehensive two-dimensional K562/cell membrane chromatographic system and in silico target identification was established to characterize active components from Indigo naturalis, a famous TCM herb that has been widely used for the treatment of leukemia in China, and their targets. Three active components, indirubin, tryptanthrin and isorhamnetin, were successfully characterized and their anti-leukemia effects were validated by cell viability and cell apoptosis assays. Isorhamnetin, with undefined cancer related targets, was selected for in silico target identification. Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src) was identified as its membrane target and the dissociation constant (Kd) between Src and isorhamnetin was 3.81 μM. Furthermore, anti-leukemia effects of isorhamnetin were mediated by Src through inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. The results demonstrated that the integrated strategy could efficiently characterize active components in TCM and their targets, which may bring a new light for a better understanding of the complex mechanism of herbal medicines
Chaotification of Quasi-Zero Stiffness System via Direct Time-delay Feedback Control
This paper presents a chaotification method based on direct time-delay feedback control for a quasi-zero-stiffness isolation system. An analytical function of time-delay feedback control is derived based on differential-geometry control theory. Furthermore, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method was verified by numerical simulations. Numerical simulations show that this method holds the favorable aspects including the advantage of using tiny control gain, the capability of chaotifying across a large range of parametric domain and the high feasibility of the control implement
Computing the minimum distance between a point and a NURBS curve
International audienceA new method is presented for computing the minimum distance between a point and a NURBS curve. It utilizes a circular clipping technique to eliminate the curve parts outside a circle with the test point as its center point. The radius of the elimination circle becomes smaller and smaller during the subdivision process. A simple condition for terminating the subdivision process is provided, which leads to very few subdivision steps in the new method. Examples are shown to illustrate the efficiency and robustness of the new method
Computing the minimum distance between a point and a clamped B-spline surface
International audienceThe computation of the minimum distance between a point and a surface is important for the applications such as CAD/CAM, NC verification, robotics and computer graphics. This paper presents a spherical clipping method to compute the minimum distance between a point and a clamped B-spline surface. The surface patches outside the clipping sphere which do not contain the nearest point are eliminated. Another exclusion criterion whether the nearest point is on the boundary curves of the surface is employed, which is proved to be superior to previous comparable criteria. Examples are also shown to illustrate efficiency and correctness of the new method
Understanding the Vulnerability of Skeleton-based Human Activity Recognition via Black-box Attack
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been employed in a wide range of
applications, e.g. self-driving cars, where safety and lives are at stake.
Recently, the robustness of existing skeleton-based HAR methods has been
questioned due to their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, which causes
concerns considering the scale of the implication. However, the proposed
attacks require the full-knowledge of the attacked classifier, which is overly
restrictive. In this paper, we show such threats indeed exist, even when the
attacker only has access to the input/output of the model. To this end, we
propose the very first black-box adversarial attack approach in skeleton-based
HAR called BASAR. BASAR explores the interplay between the classification
boundary and the natural motion manifold. To our best knowledge, this is the
first time data manifold is introduced in adversarial attacks on time series.
Via BASAR, we find on-manifold adversarial samples are extremely deceitful and
rather common in skeletal motions, in contrast to the common belief that
adversarial samples only exist off-manifold. Through exhaustive evaluation, we
show that BASAR can deliver successful attacks across classifiers, datasets,
and attack modes. By attack, BASAR helps identify the potential causes of the
model vulnerability and provides insights on possible improvements. Finally, to
mitigate the newly identified threat, we propose a new adversarial training
approach by leveraging the sophisticated distributions of on/off-manifold
adversarial samples, called mixed manifold-based adversarial training (MMAT).
MMAT can successfully help defend against adversarial attacks without
compromising classification accuracy.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2103.0526
The particle surface of spinning test particles
In this work, inspired by the definition of the photon surface given by
Claudel, Virbhadra, and Ellis, we give an alternative quasi-local definition to
study the circular orbits of single-pole particles. This definition does not
only apply to photons but also to massive point particles. For the case of
photons in spherically symmetric spacetime, it will give a photon surface
equivalent to the result of Claudel, Virbhadra, and Ellis. Meanwhile, in
general static and stationary spacetime, this definition can be regarded as a
quasi-local form of the effective potential method. However, unlike the
effective potential method which can not define the effective potential in
dynamical spacetime, this definition can be applied to dynamical spacetime.
Further, we generalize this definition directly to the case of pole-dipole
particles. In static spherical symmetry spacetime, we verify the correctness of
this generalization by comparing the results obtained by the effective
potential method.Comment: 12pages, no figures; accepted by The European Physical Journal C; the
title has been revies
Computing the minimum distance between two Bézier curves
International audienceA sweeping sphere clipping method is presented for computing the minimum distance between two Bézier curves. The sweeping sphere is constructed by rolling a sphere with its center point along a curve. The initial radius of the sweeping sphere can be set as the minimum distance between an end point and the other curve. The nearest point on a curve must be contained in the sweeping sphere along the other curve, and all of the parts outside the sweeping sphere can be eliminated. A simple sufficient condition when the nearest point is one of the two end points of a curve is provided, which turns the curve/curve case into a point/curve case and leads to higher efficiency. Examples are shown to illustrate efficiency and robustness of the new method
2-Chloro-N′-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)benzohydrazide
In the title compound, C14H9ClI2N2O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 65.9 (2)° and an intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. The molecule has an E conformation about the C=N bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked into C(4) chains propagating in [001] by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds
Intersection Testing between an Ellipsoid and an Algebraic Surface
International audienceThis paper presents a new method on the intersection testing problem between an ellipsoid and an algebraic surface. In the new method, the testing problem is turned into a new testing problem whether a univariate polynomial has a positive or negative real root. Examples are shown to illustrate the robustness and efficiency of the new method
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