Importance of Yeasts in Oral Canine Mucosa

Dentistry science is a new specialty in veterinary medicine that has been growing in recent years, accompanied by the development of professionals who seek to improve the quality of life of pets. Cases related to problems in the oral cavity have gained significant importance in the medical clinic of professionals who treat small animals. Due to lack of professional knowledge or due to animal behavioral problems, such as aggressiveness, the anamnesis of the oral cavity is not performed most of the time, which ends up delaying the diagnosis of the pathology. In addition, an animal with a problem in the oral cavity may take years to show signs of the disease. In general, animals have an oral microbiota composed of various species of fungi, which, under specific conditions, can change from saprophytes to pathogens, compromising their health. Thus, the pre-knowledge of potentially pathogenic yeasts belonging to oral microbiota of dogs and their susceptibility profile compared to the main drugs used in antifungal therapy, is of fundamental importance as it ensures a clinical auxiliary support for the diagnosis and treatment of most diseases of the oral cavity

Situação da violência contra crianças e adolescentes no Brasil

Objective: Verify the occurrence of physical and psychological/moral violence against children and adolescents in the geographic regions of Brazil in 2012. Method: Documental study of quantitative and descriptive approach. Data were collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, in which it was used the modality “physical and psychological/moral violence” in the age range of <1 year to 14 years old in different regions of Brazil in 2012. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (simple and crossed tables, figures and rates), by using the Microsoft Office Excel, 2007 version. Results: Of the 8,397 occurrences of psychological/moral violence, 62.7% had ambulatory referral and hospitalization occurred in 6.3%, being the major frequency among females. In 14,125 registered cases of physical violence, 54.2% had ambulatory referral and 13.6% hospitalization, with higher incidence among females, too. There was lack of notification in about 1/3 of attendances. Conclusion: There is a need of specific politics and professional support to prevent, combat and attend the violence against children and adolescents that could reduce the level of insecurity and also increase the number of notifications. Objetivo: Verificar las ocurrencias de violencia física y psicológica/moral contra niños y adolescentes, en las regiones geográficas de Brasil en el año 2012.Método: Estudio documental de abordaje cuantitativo y descriptivo. Los datos fueron colectados en el Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación en el cual se utilizó la modalidad “violencia física y psico/moral” en intervalos de edad de <1 año a 14 años en las diferentes regiones de Brasil en el 2012. El análisis de los datos se realizó con ayuda de la estadística descriptiva (tablas simples y cruzadas, figuras y tasas), utilizando el Microsoft Office Excel, versión 2007.Resultados: De las 8397 ocurrencias de violencia psicológica/moral, 62,7% fueron dirigidos a ambulatorios y en 6,3% ocurrió el ingreso hospitalario, siendo la mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino. En los 14125 casos registrados de violencia física, 54,2% fueron dirigidos a ambulatorios y 13,6% tuvieron ingreso hospitalario, ocurriendo con mayor incidencia también en el sexo femenino. En cerca de 1/3 de los atendidos ocurrió falta de registros.Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de políticas específicas y soporte profesional que vengan a prevenir, combatir y asistir la violencia contra niños y adolescentes pudiendo reducir el grado de inseguridad, así como el incremento del número de notificaciones.Objetivo: verificar as ocorrências de violência física e psicológica/moral contra crianças e adolescentes, nas regiões geográficas do Brasil no ano de 2012. Método: Estudo documental de abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no qual se utilizou a modalidade “violência física e psico/moral” no intervalo de idade de <1 ano a 14 anos nas diferentes regiões do Brasil em 2012.  A análise dos dados foi realizada com auxílio da estatística descritiva (tabelas simples e cruzadas, figuras e taxas), utilizando o Microsoft Office Excel, versão 2007. Resultados: Das 8397 ocorrências de violência psicológica/moral, 62,7% tiveram encaminhamento ambulatorial e em 6,3% ocorreu internação hospitalar, sendo a maior frequência no sexo feminino. Nos 14125 casos registrados de violência física, 54,2% tiveram encaminhamento ambulatorial e 13,6% internação hospitalar, ocorrendo com maior incidência também no sexo feminino. No entorno de 1/3 dos atendimentos ocorreu falta de registros. Conclusão: Existe a necessidade de políticas especificas e suporte profissional que venham prevenir, combater e assistir a violência contra crianças e adolescentes podendo reduzir o grau de insegurança bem como a incrementação do número de notificações

DOENÇA DE CHAGAS EM CÃES

Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is an anthropozoonosis caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The transmission occurs in several ways, and the most reported are: the vector form, which occurs when the patient inoculates the feces of the vector infected by the trypanosome, through the hole that was opened during the blood meal, or orally, mainly due to the ingestion of food contaminated with trypanosome. Different species of domestic and wild animals can be affected by the disease; however, this study aims to describe the disease in dogs, which are capable of developing the chronic course, just like humans, and are also important public health indicators  for the disease, since they are animals considered sentinels to its appearance.A doença de Chagas, também chamada de tripanossomíase americana, é uma antropozoonose causada por um protozoário flagelado denominado Trypanosoma cruzi. A transmissão ocorre de diversas maneiras, sendo as mais relatadas: a forma vetorial, que ocorre quando o paciente inocula as fezes do vetor infectadas pelo tripanossomo por meio do orifício que foi aberto no momento do repasto sanguíneo, ou por via oral, devido principalmente a ingestão de alimentos contaminados com o tripanossomo. Diferentes espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres podem ser acometidas pela doença; contudo, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a doença em cães os quais são capazes de desenvolver o curso crônico, assim como os humanos, e são importantes marcadores de saúde pública para a doença, tendo em vista que são animais considerados sentinelas para o seu aparecimento

Aprender y crecer con STEAM: una experiencia de diseño en el jardín de infancia

Tenint present la funció social de l’educació i la necessitat d’un enfocament pedagògic integrat en l’educació preescolar d’acord amb un desenvolupament integral i holístic del nen, presentem un projecte d’intervenció educativa, construït i dinamitzat en el marc de la formació inicial i professionalització d’educadors infantils. El projecte “Descobrim Prínceps i Princeses... Castells i Dragons” es basa en una pedagogia infantil que valora la preeminència de la veu del nen, constructora activa del seu recorregut d’aprenentatge, pensada en una dinàmica d’(ínter)acció integradora centrada en l’enfocament STEAM. Es tracta d’un estudi de cas en què les dades recollides permeten reconèixer les contribucions del projecte que segueix la pedagogia STEAM per a l’aprenentatge dels nens i per a una acció reflexiva de fort caràcter formatiu per a les educadores involucrades. A partir de la proposta elaborada, es va copsar l’acció STEAM tenint en compte l’acció del nen, element principal de l’acció pedagògica, a partir de la resolució de problemes. També es va poder constatar la promoció de l’aprenentatge a través d’aquesta metodologia en l’àmbit cognitiu, amb el  desenvolupament de la innovació, la implicació, la creativitat, el treball en equip i la comunicació.This paper presents an educational intervention considering the social function of education and the need for an integrated pedagogical approach in kindergarten education for the holistic development of the child, built and streamlined within the framework of initial training and professionalization of childhood educators. The project “Let’s discover Princes and Princesses ... Castles and Dragons” is based on a childhood pedagogy that values the primacy of the child’s voice, active builder of their own learning path, designed in a dynamic of integrative (inter) action centred on the STEAM approach. The data collected for this case study highlights the contributions of the project anchored in the STEAM pedagogy for children’s learning and for a reflexive action with a strong formative tendency for the involved educators. From this proposal, it was possible to understand the action (not sure about this) of STEAM considering the children’s agency, placing them as the main element of the pedagogical action, based on problem solving. On the other hand, it was possible to verify the promotion of learning through the methodology at the cognitive level, with the development of innovation, involvement, creativity, teamwork, and communication.Teniendo presente la función social de la educación y la necesidad de un enfoque pedagógico integrado en la educación preescolar en acorde con un desarrollo integral y holístico del niño, presentamos un proyecto de intervención educativa, construido y dinamizado en el marco de la formación inicial y profesionalización de educadores infantiles. El proyecto - Vamos a descubrir Príncipes y Princesas... Castillos y Dragones - se basa en una pedagogía infantil que valoriza la primacía de la voz del niño, constructora activa de su recorrido de aprendizaje, pensada en una dinámica de (ínter)acción integradora centrada en el enfoque STEAM. El estudio llevado a cabo adoptó la forma de un estudio de caso y los datos recogidos permiten reconocer las contribuciones del proyecto anclado en la pedagogía STEAM para el aprendizaje de los niños y para una acción reflexiva de fuerte carácter formativo para las educadoras involucradas

Obtained and predicted values for maximal respiratory pressures of Brazilian children

Objective: To compare the values obtained from the evaluation of maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure in a sample of Brazilian children with reference values for maximal respiratory pressures proposed by Szeinberg et al., Domènech-Clar et al., and with the predicted equations proposed by Wilson et al. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study. We assessed 40 female and male children from public schools, aged 7 to 10 years. Personal and anthropometric data were collected in addition to the measurement of maximal respiratory pressures by an MV150 analog manometer (Wika®). Results: Mean maximal inspiratory pressure was -61,50 ± 18,14 cmH2O and -70,55 ± 17,94 cmH2O for girls and boys, respectively. Mean maximal expiratory pressure was 77,40 ± 19,00 cmH2O and 77,40 ± 19,04 cmH2O for girls and boys, respectively. Conclusion: The values of maximal respiratory pressures obtained by this study in a sample of Brazilian children aged 7 to 10 years did not differ from those proposed by Domènech-Clar et al. However the reference values provided by Szeinberg et al. overestimated the values of maximal respiratory pressures of the children evaluated. The equations proposed by Wilson et al. were successful in predicting the values of maximal respiratory pressures in the population studied.OBJECTIVE: to compare the values obtained from the evaluation of maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure in a sample of Brazilian children with reference values for maximal respiratory pressures proposed by Szeinberg et al., Domènech-Clar et al., and with the predicted equations proposed by Wilson et al. METHODS: observational, cross-sectional study. We assessed 40 female and male children from public schools, aged 7 to 10 years. Personal and anthropometric data were collected in addition to the measurement of maximal respiratory pressures by an MV150 analog manometer (Wika®). RESULTS: mean maximal inspiratory pressure was -61,50 ± 18,14 cmH2O and -70,55 ± 17,94 cmH2O for girls and boys, respectively. Mean maximal expiratory pressure was 77,40 ± 19,00 cmH2O and 77,40 ± 19,04 cmH2O for girls and boys, respectively. CONCLUSION: the values of maximal respiratory pressures obtained by this study in a sample of Brazilian children aged 7 to 10 years did not differ from those proposed by Domènech-Clar et al. However the reference values provided by Szeinberg et al. overestimated the values of maximal respiratory pressures of the children evaluated. The equations proposed by Wilson et al. were successful in predicting the values of maximal respiratory pressures in the population studied

AUSÊNCIA DE EFEITOS CITOTÓXICOS E GENOTÓXICOS DO EXTRATO AQUOSO DA CASCA DE Stryphnodendron adstringens (BARBATIMÃO) PELO TESTE DE Allium cepa

Barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] is a plant of Mimosaceae family found in several regions of Brazil. Its bark is intensively used in folk medicine, mainly for its healing and antimicrobial actions. Medicinal plants could be dangerous to human health because some of them may have many toxicity products. The aim study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extract from the stem bark of barbatimão through Allium cepa test. The A. cepa seeds were watered with two concentrations (50 and 100 mg.mL-1) of barbatimão extract, a negative control (distilled water) and positive control (MNU solution 0.125 mg.L-1). It were analyzed 4000 cells per treatment and observed the number of cells in each phase of mitosis and changes in the cell cycle. Statistical analysis of the data was performed through analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), with a probability level <0.05. About the cytotoxic effects, the four groups did not differ in the germination rate (p>0.05) but mean values of root length, weight and mitotic index were significantly lower in the positive control group (p<0.05). Regarding genotoxic effects, there were no significant differences between the barbatimão extract treatments and the negative control (p>0.05). At the positive control, however, there was a significant increase in micronucleus frequency (p=0.0042) and mitotic cycle anomalies (p=0.0076). It was concluded that the barbatimão extract not presented cytotoxic or genotoxic effects.Keywords: medicinal plants; folk medicine; toxicity; infusion; ethnobotany.Barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] é uma planta da família Mimosaceae encontrada em várias regiões do Brasil. Sua casca é intensamente usada na medicina popular, principalmente por suas ações de cicatrização e antimicrobianas. O uso de plantas medicinais pode ser perigoso à saúde humana devido eventualmente possuírem produtos tóxicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos citotóxicos e genotóxicos do extrato aquoso da casca do caule do Barbatimão através do teste Allium cepa. As sementes de A. cepa foram irrigadas com duas concentrações (50 e 100 mg.mL-1) de extrato de barbatimão, além de um controle negativo (água destilada) e um controle positivo (solução MNU 0,125 mg.L-1). Foram analisadas 4000 células por tratamento e observado o número de células em cada fase de mitose e alterações no ciclo celular. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através de análise de variância (ANOVA: um critério), com um nível de probabilidade <0,05. Em relação aos efeitos citotóxicos, os quatro grupos não diferiram na taxa de germinação (p>0,05), mas os valores médios do comprimento da raiz, dos pesos e do índice mitótico foram significativamente menores no grupo controle positivo (p<0,05). Quanto aos efeitos genotóxicos, não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos do extrato de barbatimão em comparação com o controle negativo (p>0,05). No controle positivo, no entanto, houve um aumento significativo na freqüência do micronúcleo (p=0,0042) e anomalias do ciclo mitótico (p=0,0076). Concluiu-se que o extrato de barbatimão não apresentou efeitos citotóxicos ou genotóxicos.Palavras-chaves: plantas medicinais, medicina popular, toxicidade, infusão, etnobotânica

Human-umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal cells improved left ventricular contractility independently of infarct size in swine myocardial infarction with reperfusion

Funding Information: This work was funded by: i) national funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the scope of the Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC (UIDB/00051/2020 and UIDP/00051/2020); ii) “la Caixa” Banking Foundation and FCT under the project code LCF/PR/HP17/52190002”; iii) the QREN project 2013/30196; and iv) the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF), under the Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Program and National Funds through FCT [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030985]. RNG and TLL were funded by the FCT individual fellowships [SFRH/BD/144490/2019] and [PD/BD/127997/2016], respectively. Funding sources had no interference in the design of the study, study governance, data collection and analysis, nor in manuscript writing or its scientific and intellectual content. Publisher Copyright: 2023 Raposo, Cerqueira, Leite, Moreira-Costa, Laundos, Miranda, Mendes-Ferreira, Coelho, Gomes, Pinto-do-Ó, Nascimento, Lourenço, Cardim and Leite-Moreira.Background: Human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCM-MSC) have demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Reperfusion injury hampers myocardial recovery in a clinical setting and its management is an unmet need. We investigated the efficacy of intracoronary (IC) delivery of xenogeneic hUCM-MSC as reperfusion-adjuvant therapy in a translational model of AMI in swine. Methods: In a placebo-controlled trial, pot-belied pigs were randomly assigned to a sham-control group (vehicle-injection; n = 8), AMI + vehicle (n = 12) or AMI + IC-injection (n = 11) of 5 × 105 hUCM-MSC/Kg, within 30 min of reperfusion. AMI was created percutaneously by balloon occlusion of the mid-LAD. Left-ventricular function was blindly evaluated at 8-weeks by invasive pressure-volume loop analysis (primary endpoint). Mechanistic readouts included histology, strength-length relationship in skinned cardiomyocytes and gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing. Results: As compared to vehicle, hUCM-MSC enhanced systolic function as shown by higher ejection fraction (65 ± 6% vs. 43 ± 4%; p = 0.0048), cardiac index (4.1 ± 0.4 vs. 3.1 ± 0.2 L/min/m2; p = 0.0378), preload recruitable stroke work (75 ± 13 vs. 36 ± 4 mmHg; p = 0.0256) and end-systolic elastance (2.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 mmHg*m2/ml; p = 0.0663). Infarct size was non-significantly lower in cell-treated animals (13.7 ± 2.2% vs. 15.9 ± 2.7%; Δ = −2.2%; p = 0.23), as was interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the remote myocardium. Sarcomere active tension improved, and genes related to extracellular matrix remodelling (including MMP9, TIMP1 and PAI1), collagen fibril organization and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were downregulated in animals treated with hUCM-MSC. Conclusion: Intracoronary transfer of xenogeneic hUCM-MSC shortly after reperfusion improved left-ventricular systolic function, which could not be explained by the observed extent of infarct size reduction alone. Combined contributions of favourable modification of myocardial interstitial fibrosis, matrix remodelling and enhanced cardiomyocyte contractility in the remote myocardium may provide mechanistic insight for the biological effect.publishersversionpublishe

Exosomes secreted by cardiomyocytes subjected to ischaemia promote cardiac angiogenesis

Funding Information: This work was supported by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE) [HealthyAging2020 CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-N2323, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016385, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 to CNC.IBILI, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274 to i3S/INEB and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012 to T.L.L.]; national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PTDC/SAU-ORG/119296/2010, PTDC/ NEU-OSD/0312/2012, PESTC/ SAU/UI3282/2013-2014, MITP-TB/ECE/0013/ 2013, FCT-UID/NEU/04539/2013], PD/BD/52294/2013 to T.M.R.R., SFRH/ BD/85556/2012 (co-financed by QREN) to V.C.S]; Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (LISBOA 2020) and Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement; and by INFARMED Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, I.P. [FIS-FIS-2015-01_CCV_20150630-157]. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 The Author.Aims Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results from an obstruction in the blood supply to a region of the heart. In an attempt to replenish oxygen and nutrients to the deprived area, affected cells release signals to promote the development of new vessels and confer protection against MI. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth of new vessels in an ischaemic scenario remain poorly understood. Here, we show that cardiomyocytes subjected to ischaemia release exosomes that elicit an angiogenic response of endothelial cells (ECs). Methods and results Exosomes secreted by H9c2 myocardial cells and primary cardiomyocytes, cultured either in control or ischaemic conditions were isolated and added to ECs. We show that ischaemic exosomes, in comparison with control exosomes, confer protection against oxidative-induced lesion, promote proliferation, and sprouting of ECs, stimulate the formation of capillary-like structures and strengthen adhesion complexes and barrier properties. Moreover, ischaemic exosomes display higher levels of metalloproteases (MMP) and promote the secretion of MMP by ECs. We demonstrate that miR-222 and miR-143, the relatively most abundant miRs in ischaemic exosomes, partially recapitulate the angiogenic effect of exosomes. Additionally, we show that ischaemic exosomes stimulate the formation of new functional vessels in vivo using in ovo and Matrigel plug assays. Finally, we demonstrate that intramyocardial delivery of ischaemic exosomes improves neovascularization following MI. Conclusions This study establishes that exosomes secreted by cardiomyocytes under ischaemic conditions promote heart angiogenesis, which may pave the way towards the development of add-on therapies to enhance myocardial blood supply.publishersversionpublishe