Spatial and temporal trends of dissolved nitrous oxide in the Lamprey River Watershed and controls on the end-products of denitrification

An understanding of the controls on the production of the greenhouse gas N2O is important to assess the atmospheric contribution of N2O from freshwater streams. Concentration and percent saturation of dissolved N2O were measured from March 2008 to February 2009 and were used as to measure the potential for streams in the Lamprey River Watershed to lose N2O to the atmosphere. Almost all streams were oversaturated most of the year, and though field concentrations of dissolved N2O did show trends with stream chemistry, it is possible that N2O is not only being produced within the streams themselves, but is entering the streams via groundwater and surface runoff. A controlled laboratory experiment was also conducted to determine controls on N2O and N2O production from denitrification. These controls were much more obvious than in the field study, suggesting that laboratory experiments may misrepresent field conditions

The Genetic Basis of Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa—A Form of Mild Retinitis Pigmentosa

Pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an atypical form of RP that affects the near-peripheral retina first and tends to spare the far periphery. This study was performed to further define the genetic basis of this phenotype. We identified a cohort of 43 probands with pericentral RP based on a comprehensive analysis of their retinal phenotype. Genetic analyses of DNA samples from these patients were performed using panel-based next-generation sequencing, copy number variations, and whole exome sequencing (WES). Mutations provisionally responsible for disease were found in 19 of the 43 families (44%) analyzed. These include mutations in RHO (five patients), USH2A (four patients), and PDE6B (two patients). Of 28 putatively pathogenic alleles, 15 (54%) have been previously identified in patients with more common forms of typical RP, while the remaining 13 mutations (46%) were novel. Burden testing of WES data successfully identified HGSNAT as a cause of pericentral RP in at least two patients, suggesting it is also a relatively common cause of pericentral RP. While additional sequencing might uncover new genes specifically associated with pericentral RP, the current results suggest that genetically pericentral RP is not a separate clinical entity, but rather is part of the spectrum of mild RP phenotypes

CONTROL OF SEDIMENT DISCHARGE BY SABO DAM

Sabo dam is commonly used for preventing the sediment disaster by storing the harmfulsediment discharge. Even after the sediment storage capacity of the dam has been filledup, the dam has a sediment control function by reducing the peak sediment discharge dueto the temporal sedimentation during flood. The sediment capacity can be restored to someextent by the erosion after flood.In this paper, the authors investigated the sediment control function experimentally andtheoretically, and proposed a simulation technique to calculate the sediment control. Thetheoretical results show the good agreement with the experimental ones. By the simulationtechnique, the authors clarified that the contraction in width by dam results in much increaseof the sediment control function.Sabo dam is commonly used for preventing the sediment disaster by storing the harmfulsediment discharge. Even after the sediment storage capacity of the dam has been filledup, the dam has a sediment control function by reducing the peak sediment discharge dueto the temporal sedimentation during flood. The sediment capacity can be restored to someextent by the erosion after flood.In this paper, the authors investigated the sediment control function experimentally andtheoretically, and proposed a simulation technique to calculate the sediment control. Thetheoretical results show the good agreement with the experimental ones. By the simulationtechnique, the authors clarified that the contraction in width by dam results in much increaseof the sediment control function

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Nanospan, an alternatively spliced isoform of sarcospan, localizes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle and is absent in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F

nSPN mRNA transcripts are predominant in skeletal and heart muscles. RT-PCR was performed on cDNA isolated from various human tissues (skeletal muscle, testis, colon, heart, brain, breast, and bone marrow) using a forward primer in exon 1 and a reverse primer in exon 4, as illustrated in Fig. 1c. PCR products were obtained for μSPN (179 bp) and nSPN (90 bp). RT-PCR performed without template DNA is shown as a negative control (neg. ctrl). Molecular size markers are indicated on the left. (PDF 348 kb

Inverse scattering transform for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with fully asymmetric non-zero boundary conditions

We formulate the inverse scattering transform (IST) for the defocusing nonlinear Schr¨odinger (NLS) equation with fully asymmetric non-zero boundary conditions (i.e., when the magnitudes of the limiting values of the solution at space infinities are not the same). The theory is formulated without making use of Riemann surfaces, and by dealing explicitly instead with the branched nature of the eigenvalues of the associated scattering problem. For the direct problem, we give explicit single-valued definitions of the Jost eigenfunctions and scattering coefficients over the whole complex plane, and we characterize their discontinuous behavior across the branch cut arising from the square root jump of the corresponding eigenvalues. We write the inverse problem as a discontinuous Riemann Hilbert Problem on an open contour, and we reduce the problem to a standard set of linear integral equations. We also give an expression for the trace formula and asymptotic phase difference. Finally, for comparison purposes, we also present the single-sheet, branch cut formulation of the inverse scattering transform for the initial value problem with symmetric non-zero boundary conditions, and we also briefly describe the formulation of the inverse scattering transform when different choices are made for the location of the branch cuts