How to manage the development of complex organizations… and beyond

The article starts with a synthesis of traditional Theory of organization.This vision of the organization is inspired by the classical view of world, and we use to summarized this theory the “metaphor of the machine”. As gears of a machine, people are treated as systems of skills, which can be analyzed and used to achieve organizational goals. This vision is too primitive due to the fact that it is impossible to design procedures that prescribe all behaviors and measure in an absolute manner the ability of each person. People have an undeniable autonomy that make them create a so called informal organization which autonomously evolves.“To Manage” does not mean to make an organization function. Instead it means to manage the evolution process it-self. We have developed a methodology to govern the self-evolution processes of informal organizations. We present a specific case history in one of the major Italian metallurgical companies, to increase the level of safety and improve management of the human factors

Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991–2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign

Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p < .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti-HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p < .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004-2010 and 32.1% in 2011-2019. In the period 2010-2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4-12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15-10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM-anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come

Towards a Muon Collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.Comment: 118 pages, 103 figure

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Erratum: Towards a muon collider

The original online version of this article was revised: The additional reference [139] has been added. Tao Han’s ORICD ID has been incorrectly assigned to Chengcheng Han and Chengcheng Han’s ORCID ID to Tao Han. Yang Ma’s ORCID ID has been incorrectly assigned to Lianliang Ma, and Lianliang Ma’s ORCID ID to Yang Ma. The original article has been corrected

Recommendations of the Scientific Committee of the Italian Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Association on the diagnosis, Management and follow-up of the syndrome

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common (epi)genetic overgrowth-cancer predisposition disorder. Given the absence of consensual recommendations or international guidelines, the Scientific Committee of the Italian BWS Association (www.aibws.org) proposed these recommendations for the diagnosis, molecular testing, clinical management, follow-up and tumor surveillance of patients with BWS. The recommendations are intended to allow a timely and appropriate diagnosis of the disorder, to assist patients and their families, to provide clinicians and caregivers optimal strategies for an adequate and satisfactory care, aiming also at standardizing clinical practice as a national uniform approach. They also highlight the direction of future research studies in this setting. With recent advances in understanding the disease (epi)genetic mechanisms and in describing large cohorts of BWS patients, the natural history of the disease will be dissected. In the era of personalized medicine, the emergence of specific (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in BWS will likely lead to differentiated follow-up approaches for the molecular subgroups, to the development of novel tools to evaluate the likelihood of cancer development and to the refinement and optimization of current tumor screening strategies. Conclusions: In this article, we provide the first comprehensive recommendations on the complex management of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Management of psoriatic arthritis in rheumatology and dermatology settings: sub-analysis of the Italian population from the international LOOP study

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients are often treated by dermatology and rheumatology specialities and may receive different treatments. To evaluate the impact of dermatology/rheumatology specialist settings on diagnosis and therapeutic approach in PsA patients. This cross-sectional multicounty study in Italy involved twenty-eight rheumatology or dermatology clinics. Patients with suspected or confirmed PsA were examined by both a dermatologist and a rheumatologist. A total of 413 patients were enrolled and 347 (84%) were diagnosed with PsA. The majority of patients were enrolled from a rheumatology setting (N = 224, 64.6%). Patients with PsA in the dermatology settings had significantly higher disease activity, including skin involvement and musculoskeletal symptoms. Time from PsA onset to diagnosis was 22.3 ± 53.8 vs. 39.4 ± 77.5 months (p = 0.63) in rheumatology and dermatology settings; time from diagnosis to initiation of csDMARD was 7.3 ± 27.5 vs. 19.5 ± 50.6 months, respectively (p < 0.001). In contrast, time from diagnosis to bDMARD use was shorter in dermatology settings (54.9 ± 69 vs. 44.2 ± 65.6 months, p = 0.09, rheumatology vs. dermatology), similar to the time taken from first csDMARDs and bDMARDs (48.7 ± 67.9 vs. 35.3 ± 51.9 months, p = 0.34). The choice to visit a rheumatologist over a dermatologist was positively associated with female gender and swollen joints and negatively associated with delay in time from musculoskeletal symptom onset to PsA diagnosis. This study highlights a diagnostic delay emerging from both settings with significantly different therapeutic approaches. Our data reinforce the importance of implementing efficient strategies to improve early identification of PsA that can benefit from the integrated management of PsA patients. Key Points • A diagnostic delay was observed from both dermatology and rheumatology settings with significantly different therapeutic approaches. • Shared dermatology and rheumatology clinics offer the combined expertise to improve in the early identification and management of PsA

Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function.

Funder: Maratona da SaúdeFunder: Royal Society WolfsonFunder: Wellcome; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269Since the discovery of lysosomes more than 70 years ago, much has been learned about the functions of these organelles. Lysosomes were regarded as exclusively degradative organelles, but more recent research has shown that they play essential roles in several other cellular functions, such as nutrient sensing, intracellular signalling and metabolism. Methodological advances played a key part in generating our current knowledge about the biology of this multifaceted organelle. In this review, we cover current methods used to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. We highlight the principles behind these methods, the methodological strategies and their advantages and limitations. To extract accurate information and avoid misinterpretations, we discuss the best strategies to identify lysosomes and assess their characteristics and functions. With this review, we aim to stimulate an increase in the quantity and quality of research on lysosomes and further ground-breaking discoveries on an organelle that continues to surprise and excite cell biologists