Thermal and solutal stratification on MHD nanofluid flow over a porous vertical plate

Nanoparticles have the highest credibility to develop the thermal properties compared to conventional particle fluid suspension. Thermal and solutal stratification on heat and mass transfer induced due to a nanofluid over a porous vertical plate is analyzed. The transport equations engaged in the study include the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis particle deposition. The nonlinear governing equations and their related boundary conditions are initially looked into dimensionless forms by similarity variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically utilizing the fourth-fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique (MAPLE 18). It is investigated that the temperature of the nanofluid and the concentration fraction decelerate with increase in thermal and solutal stratificatio

A prospective observational study to analyse the relationship between fundus changes in pregnancy induced hypertension with visual impairment and its reversibility

Background: Irreversible visual impairment and morbidity are associated with pregnancy induced hypertension. It causes pathological changes in vascularity of placenta, kidney and brain along with two major pathological types of changes in fundus namely arteriolar vasospasm and permeability changes in vascular endothelium. The aim of our study was to analyse the relationship between fundus changes in pregnancy induced hypertension with visual impairment and its reversibility.Methods: A prospective observational study done on pregnant women with any grade of pregnancy induced hypertension with recent visual impairment from 24 completed weeks of pregnancy.Results: Out of 75 patients with PIH, all the patients had varying degree of fundus changes in one or both eyes. In 150 eyes of the 75 patients, 86 (57.30%) eyes had isolated arteriolar vasospasm, 14 (9.33%) had grade III hypertensive retinopathy, 4 (2.66%) had grade IV hypertensive retinopathy, 30 (20%) had macular oedema, 4 (2.66%) had central serous chorioretinopathy, 2 (1.33%) had vascular occlusion, 2 (2.66%) eyes had normal fundus with cortical blindness, 2 (2.66%) had exudative retinal detachment, 6 (4%) eyes had normal fundus with changes in the other eye.Conclusions: Out of 75 patients, 7 (9.3%) patients had irreversible loss of vision, 3 (42.85%) due to arteriolar vasospasm, and 4 (57.15%) due to choroidal ischemia. Among the 4 patients with choroidal ischemia, 3 (75%) were in the group of eclampsia and 1 (25%) in gestational hypertension

Large-Restriction-Fragment Polymorphism Analysis of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium terrae Isolates

Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium terrae were reported to be frequently present in the environment of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG trial area in south India. Six isolates of M. chelonae and four isolates of M. terrae obtained from different sources in this area were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to examine large-restriction-fragment (LRF) polymorphism using the chromosomal DNA digested with DraI and XbaI restriction enzymes. With the exception of one isolate of M. terrae, DNA from all other isolates could be digested with DraI and XbaI and resulted in separable fragments. Visual comparison of the LRFs showed a unique pattern for each of the isolates tested. A computer-assisted dendrogram of the percent similarity demonstrated a high degree of genetic diversity in this group of isolates. This study demonstrates that species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, particularly M. chelonae and M. terrae, can be successfully typed by their LRF pattern using PFGE, which does not require species-specific DNA probes

Electric field control of the magnetic chiralities in ferroaxial multiferroic RbFe(MoO4)2

The coupling of magnetic chiralities to the ferroelectric polarisation in multiferroic RbFe(MoO$_4$)$_2$ is investigated by neutron spherical polarimetry. Because of the axiality of the crystal structure below $T_\textrm{c}$ = 190 K, helicity and triangular chirality are symmetric-exchange coupled, explaining the onset of the ferroelectricity in this proper-screw magnetic structure - a mechanism that can be generalised to other systems with "ferroaxial" distortions in the crystal structure. With an applied electric field we demonstrate control of the chiralities in both structural domains simultaneously.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

DREAMing Big: Understanding the Current Context of Academic and Career Decision-Making for Undocumented Students

Undocumented student immigrants in the United States face substantial challenges in higher education including systemic, institutional, and cultural barriers that often impede access to and success in higher education. These barriers directly influence academic and work opportunities. The purpose of this article is to discuss the myriad of factors that affect the academic, career, and work development of undocumented college students. The three main objectives of this article are to (1) examine legislation that directly impacts access to higher education, (2) explore common barriers and systemic challenges undocumented college students face, and (3) review culturally sensitive interventions and resources for working with undocumented college students. Vocational psychologists and career counselors employed in higher education are in a unique position to provide culturally sensitive counseling services to undocumented students as well as to advocate for their academic and work-related needs

Investigation On Antidiarrhoeal Activity Of Aristolochia Indica Linn. Root Extracts In Mice

Background: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic extract (EtAI), and aqueous extract (AqAI) of Aristolochia indica  Linn roots on castor oil-induced diarrhoea and study on small intestinal transit. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed as per standard procedure.Materials and Methods: The oral toxicity study using Swiss albino mice was performed in accordance with OECD guidelines. The EtAI and AqAI extracts of Aristolochia indica Linn were studied for antidiarrhoeal property using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model and charcoalinduced gastrointestinal motility test in Swiss albino mice.Results: Among the tested doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, the extracts reduced the frequency and severity of diarrhoea in test animals throughout the study period. At the same doses, the extract delayed the intestinal transit of charcoal meal in test animals as compared to the control and the results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Experimental findings showed that ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica Linn root possess significant antidiarrheal activity and may be a potent source of anti-diarrhoeal drug in future.Key words: Antidiarrheal activity, Aristolochia indica Linn, ethanol extract, small intestinal transi

Herbal Gel for the Treatment of Arthritis: Formulation, Evaluation, and Standardization

Arthritis patients now have another option in the form of the Siddha and Ayurvedic therapy systems. Cardiospermum halicacabum and Vitex negundo are the two herbs most frequently used in conventional medicine for the treatment of arthritis. Material and Methods: The mature fresh leaves of Vitex negundo and Cardiospermum halicacabum were procured from Palakkad, Kerala. The following substances were procured from Sigma-Aldrich USA: Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), diclofenac sodium, triethanolamine, propylene glycol, and disodium edetate. Carbopol 934 and Carbopol 940 were procured from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. in Mumbai. Results: Physical appearance, net content, viscosity, extrudability, pH, spreadability, in vitro diffusion profile, and primary skin irritation tests were conducted on a set of 12 herbal gel formulations made with 1.5% of gelling agents carbopol 934 (F1-F6) and carbopol 940 (F6-F12). Anti-arthritic activity was measured using the Freund's Complete Adjuvant induced arthritis method, and the stability of the topical herbal gel formulation was studied in accordance with ICH recommendations. Histopathological analysis, In vitro detection of blood biomarkers, and measurements of body weight and paw volume were also performed. Gel formulations were consistent, stable, and safe to use. The release characteristics of formulation F5 were the most favorable compared to the others. Conclusion: An effective topical herbal gel for the treatment of arthritis was found to be the F5 formulation, which combines 2% CHME and 2% VNME with 1.5% carbopol 934. More clinical trials are needed to determine how effective this formulation is in treating inflammatory illnesses of the joints

Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Terminalia Chebula Retz Extract-Loaded Phytosomes: Development and Characterization

Ethnopharmacological evidence has demonstrated that Terminalia chebula Retz is traditionally employed for the management of hepatic ailments. Presently, a significant number of prevalent diseases and nutritional disorders are managed through the utilization of natural remedies. The efficacy of herbal medications relies on the administration of a sufficient dosage of the therapeutically active component. However, there is a significant constraint in terms of their bioavailability when taken via oral or topical routes. Phytosomes are a novel class of herbal formulations that have been recently introduced. These formulations exhibit enhanced absorption properties, leading to improved bioavailability and efficacy compared to traditional phyto compounds or botanical extracts. The objective of the current investigation was to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, optical microscopic research, and in vitro antioxidant properties of Terminalia chebula Retz leaves obtained from the Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. The hydroalcoholic extract of phytosome was prepared using a mixture of phospholipids and cholesterol. The characterization of phytosome was conducted using various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, determination of entrapment efficiency, measurement of particle size and size distribution, examination under an optical microscope, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The concurrent utilization of phospholipids and Terminalia chebula Retz has the potential to produce a synergistic outcome. This synergistic effect can be assessed by evaluating the free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH model