Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Serum Samples following Curcuma longa Extract Supplementation in High-Fructose and Saturated Fat Fed Rats

International audienceWe explored, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and fatty acids profiling, the effects of a common nutritional complement, Curcuma longa, at a nutritionally relevant dose with human use, administered in conjunction with an unbalanced diet. Indeed, traditional food supplements have been long used to counter metabolic impairments induced by unbalanced diets. Here, rats were fed either a standard diet, a high level of fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet, a diet common to western countries and that certainly contributes to the epidemic of insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, or a HFS diet with a Curcuma longa extract (1% of curcuminoids in the extract) for ten weeks. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on the serum NMR profiles and fatty acid composition (determined by GC/MS) showed a clear discrimination between HFS groups and controls. This discrimination involved metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, pyruvate, creatine, phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine, ketone bodies and gly-coproteins as well as an increase of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and a decrease of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the administration of Curcuma longa did not prevent the observed increase of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels, discriminating metabolites were observed between groups fed HFS alone or with addition of a Curcuma longa extract, namely some MUFA and n-3 PUFA, glycoproteins, glutamine, and methanol, suggesting that curcuminoids may act respectively on the fatty acid metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and alcohol oxidation. Curcuma longa extract supplementation appears to be beneficial in these metabolic pathways in rats. This metabolomic approach highlights important serum metabolites that could help in understanding further the metabolic mechanisms leading to IR

Biosourced polymetallic catalysis: A surprising and efficient means to promote the Knoevenagel condensation

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Biosourced Polymetallic Catalysis: A Surprising and Efficient Means to Promote the Knoevenagel Condensation

Zn hyperaccumulator (Arabidobsis halleri) and Zn accumulator Salix “Tordis” (Salix schwerinii × Salix viminalis) have shown their interest in the phytoextraction of polluted brownfields. Herein, we explore a novel methodology based on the chemical valorization of Zn-rich biomass produced by these metallophyte plants. The approach is based on the use of polymetallic salts derived from plants as bio-based catalysts in organic chemistry. The formed ecocatalysts were characterized via ICP-MS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in order to precise the chemical composition, structure, and behavior of the formed materials. The Doebner-Knoevenagel reaction was chosen as model reaction to study their synthetic potential. Significant differences to usual catalysts such as zinc (II) chloride are observed. They can principally be related to a mixture of unusual mineral species. DFT calculations were carried out on these salts in the context of the Gutmann theory. They allow the rationalization of experimental results. Finally, these new bio-based polymetallic catalysts illustrated the interest of this concept for green and sustainable catalysis

Auto-sufficient enzymatic cascade combining a non selective and promiscuous ADH and BVMOS: Application for dihydrocoumarin synthesis

Dihydrocoumarin is a plant metabolite widely used as flavoring agent in agro-food industries and also as common fragrance in cosmetics. As a lot of flavor chemicals, dihydrocoumarin is found in minor quantities in its natural plant sources, the sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) and tonka beans (Dipteryx odorata) so processes are needed to produce this natural flavor in a efficient and eco-friendly manner. Baeyer-Villiger MonoOxygenases (BVMOs) are well known flavoenzymes able to transform efficiently ketone into ester or lactone with high regio-and stereoselectivities. Nevertheless, BVMOs are strictly NADPH-dependent, and therefore require a stoichiometric amount of the expensive nicotinamide cofactor. To address this issue, the multi-enzyme syntheses provide the opportunity to generate efficient auto-sufficient systems and only a limited number of such systems involving BVMOs has been reported to date. We will present here a new efficient access to dihydrocoumarin via a two-enzyme mediated oxidation of Indanol involving Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and BVMO. The originality of our approach comes from the features of ADH, an enzyme discovered from the biodiversity via a dedicated High Throughput Screening. The ADH is a NADP-dependent and non-enantioselective enzyme which enables on the one hand cofactor recycling and on the other hand a complete transformation of the racemic alcohol. Moreover, it presents a quite large scope of substrates. Several plasmid constructions and combinations have been tested first for the formation of e-caprolactone and compared in order to elaborate a versatile platform using ADH and different BVMOs. Then to optimize the formation of Dihydrocoumarin and limit the hydrolysis, we investigated the composition of the biotransformation medium in whole-cell process as well as in purified enzyme system.Still exploring the diversity of BVMOs activities, we wish to expand the range of potentially valued compounds obtained using these systems. (Ménil et al.

Auto-sufficient enzymatic cascade combining a non selective and promiscuous ADH and BVMOS: Application for dihydrocoumarin synthesis

Dihydrocoumarin is a plant metabolite widely used as flavoring agent in agro-food industries and also as common fragrance in cosmetics. As a lot of flavor chemicals, dihydrocoumarin is found in minor quantities in its natural plant sources, the sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) and tonka beans (Dipteryx odorata) so processes are needed to produce this natural flavor in a efficient and eco-friendly manner. Baeyer-Villiger MonoOxygenases (BVMOs) are well known flavoenzymes able to transform efficiently ketone into ester or lactone with high regio-and stereoselectivities. Nevertheless, BVMOs are strictly NADPH-dependent, and therefore require a stoichiometric amount of the expensive nicotinamide cofactor. To address this issue, the multi-enzyme syntheses provide the opportunity to generate efficient auto-sufficient systems and only a limited number of such systems involving BVMOs has been reported to date. We will present here a new efficient access to dihydrocoumarin via a two-enzyme mediated oxidation of Indanol involving Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and BVMO. The originality of our approach comes from the features of ADH, an enzyme discovered from the biodiversity via a dedicated High Throughput Screening. The ADH is a NADP-dependent and non-enantioselective enzyme which enables on the one hand cofactor recycling and on the other hand a complete transformation of the racemic alcohol. Moreover, it presents a quite large scope of substrates. Several plasmid constructions and combinations have been tested first for the formation of e-caprolactone and compared in order to elaborate a versatile platform using ADH and different BVMOs. Then to optimize the formation of Dihydrocoumarin and limit the hydrolysis, we investigated the composition of the biotransformation medium in whole-cell process as well as in purified enzyme system.Still exploring the diversity of BVMOs activities, we wish to expand the range of potentially valued compounds obtained using these systems. (Ménil et al.

Prevalence and specificity of Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases in fungi

International audienceOut of 107 fungal strains belonging to three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota) and 46 genera, 86 exhibited Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO) activity against racemic bicyclo[3.2.0]hep-tenone. The strains were classified into three ‘‘profiles’’ based on regio- and enantioselectivity. Statistical analyses of our results, extended by literature data, showed that these profiles could be related to the taxonomic classification of the strains, and suggest that the BVMOs from the Zygomycota phylum may be different in their primary structures from established ones

Auto-sufficient enzymatic cascade combining a non selective and promiscuous ADH and BVMOS: Application for dihydrocoumarin synthesis

International audienceDihydrocoumarin is a plant metabolite widely used as flavoring agent in agro-food industries and also as common fragrance in cosmetics. As a lot of flavor chemicals, dihydrocoumarin is found in minor quantities in its natural plant sources, the sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) and tonka beans (Dipteryx odorata) so processes are needed to produce this natural flavor in a efficient and eco-friendly manner. Baeyer-Villiger MonoOxygenases (BVMOs) are well known flavoenzymes able to transform efficiently ketone into ester or lactone with high regio-and stereoselectivities. Nevertheless, BVMOs are strictly NADPH-dependent, and therefore require a stoichiometric amount of the expensive nicotinamide cofactor. To address this issue, the multi-enzyme syntheses provide the opportunity to generate efficient auto-sufficient systems and only a limited number of such systems involving BVMOs has been reported to date. We will present here a new efficient access to dihydrocoumarin via a two-enzyme mediated oxidation of Indanol involving Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and BVMO. The originality of our approach comes from the features of ADH, an enzyme discovered from the biodiversity via a dedicated High Throughput Screening. The ADH is a NADP-dependent and non-enantioselective enzyme which enables on the one hand cofactor recycling and on the other hand a complete transformation of the racemic alcohol. Moreover, it presents a quite large scope of substrates. Several plasmid constructions and combinations have been tested first for the formation of e-caprolactone and compared in order to elaborate a versatile platform using ADH and different BVMOs. Then to optimize the formation of Dihydrocoumarin and limit the hydrolysis, we investigated the composition of the biotransformation medium in whole-cell process as well as in purified enzyme system.Still exploring the diversity of BVMOs activities, we wish to expand the range of potentially valued compounds obtained using these systems. (Ménil et al.

Composition of the diets and fatty acid profile.

<p>∑ SFA = total saturated fatty acids, ∑ MUFA = total monounsaturated fatty acids, ∑ PUFA = total polyunsaturated fatty acids.</p><p>Composition of the diets and fatty acid profile.</p