Témoignage à propos du traitement des sculptures polychromées en France. Une spécialité récente

L’évolution du métier de conservateur-restaurateur de sculptures polychromées est décrite. La conception de la restauration scientifique naît en Allemagne, se poursuit en Belgique et atteint ensuite la France. Les personnalités qui établissent la méthodologie et la déontologie du métier devenu spécifique sont citées. Les difficultés à appliquer ces théories sont soulignées. La naissance des institutions internationales pour la conservation du patrimoine d’une part et des écoles spécialisées d’autre part permettront la diffusion des meilleures pratiques en restauration des sculptures en Europe. L’évolution remarquable des méthodes de laboratoires et de traitement en matière de nettoyage et de dégagement de la polychromie permettent une amélioration très positive du métier et de la protection de ce type d’œuvres d’art au xxie siècle.The evolution of the profession of conservator-restorer of painted wooden sculptures is described in this paper. The concept of scientific restoration saw the day in Germany, then spread to Belgium before arriving in France. The people who established the methodology and deontology of this henceforth specific profession are cited. The difficulties that lie in applying these theories are underlined. The emergence of international institutions for the conservation of national heritage, on the one hand, and specialized schools, on the other, will enable better practices in sculpture restoration to become widespread in Europe.The remarkable advances in laboratory methods and treatments for cleaning works and uncovering polychromy have led to very positive improvements in the profession and in the protection of these types of works in the 21st century

OM-MADE:An open-source program to simulate one-dimensional solute transport in multiple exchanging conduits and storage zones

International audienceOM-MADE (One-dimensional Model for Multiple Advection, Dispersion, and storage in Exchanging zones) is an open-source python code for simulating one-dimensional solute transport in multiple exchanging conduits and storage zones in steady-state flow conditions. It aims at helping the interpretation of multi-peaked skewed breakthrough curves (BTCs) that can be observed in tracer tests conducted in karstic systems. OM-MADE is based on the resolution of classical mass conservation equations. In OM-MADE, all parallel and exchanging flow zones are divided along the direction of flow into reaches, in which all model parameters are kept constant. The total flowrate may be modified through lateral in and outflows. The solute may also be affected by decay processes either in mobile or immobile zones. Each reach is subdivided into discrete segments of equal length. The partial differential equations can be solved using two second order schemes, one based on an operator-split approach, the other on Crank-Nicholson pondered scheme. A verification is performed against analytical solutions, OTIS software [Runkel, 1998], and the dual-advection dispersion equation (DADE) proposed by Field and Leij [2012]. An application to a tracer test carried out in the karstic area of Furfooz (Belgium) is then performed to reproduce the double-peaked positively skewed BTC that has been observed. It constitutes a demonstration of the software capacities in the case of two reaches and three exchanging zones, among which two are mobile ones and one represents a storage zone. It thus permits to verify numerically the consistency of the conceptual interpretation of the observed BTC

El brocado de estaño en relieve aplicado. Evolución histórica y material en la Europa medieval con atención al arte español (siglos XV-XVI)

The term applied tin-relief brocade (commonly called applied brocade) refers to painted decoration that simulates the velvet and silk brocades made of gold and silver threads commonly used in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This technique uses a mould, tin leaf, and filling mass to reproduce in a mechanical way the relief motifs of textile brocades. Once cut, they are applied to artwork, and then sometimes gilded or painted. The discovery of many examples of this type of decoration in northern Spain has led us to the study of the documentary sources, especially Spanish ones, with the purpose of improving our understanding of the technique, its historic and material development, and the typology of standardized patterns. Furthermore, this study has provided us with an important glossary of the relief painting additive techniques that culminated in applied tinrelief brocade.El término brocado de estaño en relieve aplicado (comúnmente conocido como brocado aplicado) se refiere a una decoración polícroma que imita los brocados de terciopelo y seda hechos con hilos de oro y plata, los cuales dominan el mundo de la moda de Europa en los siglos XV y XVI. Esta técnica reproduce mecánicamente a través de una matriz, lámina de estaño y masa de relleno motivos en relieve de brocados textiles, que, una vez recortados, son aplicados sobre la obra, pudiendo estar en ocasiones dorados y pintados. El hallazgo de más ejemplos de esta decoración en el Norte de España nos ha conducido a analizar las fuentes documentales, especialmente las españolas, con el objetivo de ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre la técnica en cuestión, su evolución histórica y material y sus diferentes tipologías. Asimismo, dicho estudio nos ha proporcionado un importante glosario de técnicas pictóricas en relieve por adición precursoras del brocado de estaño en relieve aplicado

M & L Jaargang 18/2

E. Ignace De Wilde Boerenkrijgmonumenten van 1898. [Memorials to the Peasantsrevolt of 1898.]Antoon Fauconnier en Patrick Roose Een van Peteghem-orgel uit Diest in de kerk van de Landcommanderij Alden Biesen. [A Van Peteghem organ from Diest in the land&nbspcommandery Alden Biesen.]Anne-Sophie Augustyniak, Ingrid Geelen en Myriam Serck-Dewaide Het laatgotisch Sint-Annaretabel (1533) van de Sint-Salvatorskathedraal te Brugge. [The late gothic Saint Annas retable in Bruges St. Salvators cathedral.]Summar