A implementação cultural dos mecanismos de defesa

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A etnopsiquiatria

0 autor define a Etnopsiquiatria como ciência pluridisciplinar que pretende abordar a relação de complementaridade entre o indivíduo, a sociedade e a cultura. As noções de base desta nova ciência são as de condição humana e de sublimação. Também a patologia individual e sociocultural é objecto desta teoria que pretende identificá-la abstraindo juízos de valor, recusando quer o relativismo cultural quer a atribuição dum psiquismo à sociedade.L’auteur défine l’ethnopsychiatrie en tant que science pluridisciplinaire qui approche le ropport de complémentarité entre I’individu, la société et Ia culture. Les notions de base de cette science nouvelle sont celles de condition hunaine et de sublimation. Aussi Ia pathologie individuelle et socio- -culturelle est-elle I’objet de cette théorie qui veut l’identifier, indépendement de tout préjuge, tout en refusant soit le rélativisme culturel soit I’atribution d’un psychisme à Ia socitété.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A yeast gene (BLH1) encodes a polypeptide with high homology to vertebrate bleomycin hydrolase, a family member of thiol proteinases

We have purified bleomycin hydrolase from yeast (molecular mass 55 000 Da). Using protein sequence-derived degenerate oligonucleotide primers and amplification by polymerase chain reaction, the yeast gene BLH1 was isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence (483 amino acids) exhibits surprisingly high homology to vertebrate bleomycin hydrolase (43% identical residues and 22% conserved exchanges). It contains three blocks of sequences found conserved in other members of the thiol proteinase family and thought to be associated with the catalytic centre. BLH1 is non-essential under all growth conditions tested. However, in the presence of 3.5 mg bleomycin/ml medium wild-type cells have a slight growth advantage compared to blh1 mutant cells

Binuclear and polymeric copper(II ) dicarboxylate complexes: syntheses and crystal structures of [Cui(pda)(Phen)4 ](ClO 4 )2 ·5H2O·C2H5 OH, [Cu2 (oda)(Phen)4 ](ClO 4 )2 ·2.67H2O·C2H5 OH and {[Cu2 (pda)2(NH3 )4(H2O)2 ]·4H2 O} n (odaH2 = octanedioic acid; pdaH2 = pentanedioic acid; Phen= 1,10-phenanthroline)

Reaction of [Cu(pda)(Phen)2] ·6H2O and [Cu(oda)(Phen)2] ·8H2O {pdaH2 =pentanedioic acid; odaH2 =octanedioic acid; Phen =I, 10-phenanthroline} with ethanolic solutions of sodium perchlorate gives the two binuclear copper(Il) perchlorate salts [Cuz(pda)(Phen)4](ClO4 )25H2O·C2H5OH (1) and [Cu2(oda)(Phen)4](CIO4 )2·2.76H2O·C2H5OH (2), respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of 1 and 2 are quite similar with each comprising a discrete [Cu2(dicarboxylate)(Phen)4]2+ dication, two uncoordinated perchlorate anions, an uncoordinated ethanol and several uncoordinated water molecules. The copper centres have N4O ligation with each metal having approximately square pyramidal geometry. {[Cu(pda)JL reacts with ammonium hydroxide to form the polymeric copper(Il) amine species {[Cu2(pda)2(NH3 )4(H2O)2 ]·4H2OL (3). The structure of 3, as determined by X-ray crystallography, consists of polymeric chains in which the bridging pda2 anions link two crystallographically similar copper atoms. The copper atoms are also ligated by two transoidal ammonia nitrogens and an oxygen atom from an apical water molecule, giving the metals an overall N2O3 , slightly distorted, square pyramidal geometry. Spectroscopic and magnetic data for the three complexes are also reported

Investigation and Management of Apparently Sporadic Central Nervous System Haemangioblastoma for Evidence of Von Hippel-Lindau Disease.

Haemangioblastomas are rare, highly vascularised tumours that typically occur in the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Up to a third of individuals with a haemangioblastoma will have von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Individuals with haemangioblastoma and underlying VHL disease present, on average, at a younger age and frequently have a personal or family history of VHL disease-related tumours (e.g., retinal or central nervous system (CNS) haemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma). However, a subset present an apparently sporadic haemangioblastoma without other features of VHL disease. To detect such individuals, it has been recommended that genetic testing and clinical/radiological assessment for VHL disease should be offered to patients with a haemangioblastoma. To assess "real-world" clinical practice, we undertook a national survey of clinical genetics centres. All participating centres responded that they would offer genetic testing and a comprehensive assessment (ophthalmological examination and CNS and abdominal imaging) to a patient presenting with a CNS haemangioblastoma. However, for individuals who tested negative, there was variability in practice with regard to the need for continued follow-up. We then reviewed the results of follow-up surveillance in 91 such individuals seen at four centres. The risk of developing a potential VHL-related tumour (haemangioblastoma or RCC) was estimated at 10.8% at 10 years follow-up. The risks of developing a recurrent haemangioblastoma were higher in those who presented <40 years of age. In the light of these and previous findings, we propose an age-stratified protocol for surveillance of VHL-related tumours in individuals with apparently isolated haemangioblastoma.NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, VHL Alliance UK, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-1215-20007

Probing the accretion disk and central engine structure of NGC4258 with Suzaku and XMM-Newton observations

[abridged] We present an X-ray study of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC4258 using data from Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and the Swift/BAT survey. We find that signatures of X-ray reprocessing by cold gas are very weak in the spectrum of this Seyfert-2 galaxy; a weak, narrow fluorescent-Kalpha emission line of cold iron is robustly detected in both the Suzaku and XMM-Newton spectra but at a level much below that of most other Seyfert-2 galaxies. We conclude that the circumnuclear environment of this AGN is very "clean" and lacks the Compton-thick obscuring torus of unified Seyfert schemes. From the narrowness of the iron line, together with evidence for line flux variability between the Suzaku and XMM-Newton observations, we constrain the line emitting region to be between $3\times 10^3r_g$ and $4\times 10^4r_g$ from the black hole. We show that the observed properties of the iron line can be explained if the line originates from the surface layers of a warped accretion disk. In particular, we present explicit calculations of the expected iron line from a disk warped by Lens-Thirring precession from a misaligned central black hole. Finally, the Suzaku data reveal clear evidence for large amplitude 2-10keV variability on timescales of 50ksec as well as smaller amplitude flares on timescales as short as 5-10ksec. If associated with accretion disk processes, such rapid variability requires an origin in the innermost regions of the disk ($r\approx 10r_g$ or less).Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Connecting the cosmic infrared background to the X-ray background

We estimate the contribution of AGNs and of their host galaxies to the infrared background. We use the luminosity function and evolution of AGNs recently determined by the hard X-ray surveys, and new Spectral Energy Distributions connecting the X-ray and the infrared emission, divided in intervals of absorption. These two ingredients allow us to determine the contribution of AGNs to the infrared background by using mostly observed quantities, with only minor assumptions. We obtain that AGN emission contributes little to the infrared background ($<$5% over most of the infrared bands), implying that the latter is dominated by star formation. However, AGN host galaxies may contribute significantly to the infrared background, and more specifically 10--20% in the 1--20$\mu$m range and $\sim$5% at $\lambda<60\mu m$. We also give the contribution of AGNs and of their host galaxies to the source number counts in various infrared bands, focusing on those which will be observed with Spitzer. We also report a significant discrepancy between the expected contribution of AGN hosts to the submm background and bright submm number counts with the observational constraints. We discuss the causes and implications of this discrepancy and the possible effects on the Spitzer far-IR bands.Comment: to appear in MNRAS, replaced with accepted version, paper shortened, results unchange

Exploring the Nuclear Environment of the NLS1 Galaxy Arakelian 564 with XMM-Newton RGS

We present an accurate characterisation of the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Arakelian 564 and put it in to context with other objects of its type by making a detailed comparison of their spectra. The best fit to the data identifies five significant emission lines at 18.9, 22.1, 24.7, 29.0 and 33.5A due O VIII Ly alpha, O VII(f), N VII Ly alpha, N VI(i) and C VI Ly alpha respectively. These have an RMS velocity of ~1100km/s and a flow velocity of ~-600km/s, except for the O VII(f) emission line, which has a flow velocity consistent with zero. Two separate emitting regions are identified. Three separate phases of photoionized, X-ray absorbing gas are included in the fit with ionization parameters log xi=-0.86, 0.87, 2.56 and column densities N_H=0.89, 2.41, 6.03*10^20cm^-2 respectively. All three phases show this to be an unusually low velocity outflow (-10pm100km/s) for a narrow line Seyfert 1. We present the hypothesis that the BLR is the source of the NLR and warm absorber, and examine optical and UV images from the XMM-Newton Optical Monitor to relate our findings to the characteristics of the host galaxy.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. To be published in A&