Atomistic modeling of ionic liquid based electrolytes for lithium batteries

The mobility of lithium ion in ionic liquid electrolytes is limited, mainly because of the size of the cations and the charged nature of the electrolyte. In this thesis, the mobility and transport characteristics of lithium ions in model N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (mppy+ TFSI- ) ionic liquids is characterized using molecular dynamics method. Results from the simulations indicate that inclusion of organic additives such as ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and tetrahydrofuran decreases the extent of coordination of the lithium ion with the anion of the ionic liquid and hence increases its mobility and partial ionic conductivity. The mobility of lithium ions in the ionic liquid based electrolyte increases with increasing concentration of the additive. Of the additives investigated, ethylene carbonate was identified as the most effective in increasing the mobility of lithium ions, while vinylene carbonate increases the overall ionic conductivity to the greatest extent. In an effort to understand the correlated motion and the mutual diffusion between the ions, the Maxwell Stephan diffusion coefficients of different ion pairs were evaluated for ionic liquid electrolyte without additives. The solubility of oxygen gas in pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids, which has not been investigated thus far, were calculated. Results for the solubility of oxygen in mppy+ TFSIindicate that the solubility of oxygen increases with increase in temperature. The solubility is low, as compared to organic additives, but it is comparatively higher than other ionic liquids. Comparison of these transport characteristics and solubility values with those of commonly used organic electrolytes tells us that ionic liquid electrolytes perform better at higher temperatures in lithium-air batteries as compared to organic electrolytes

Parameterstudie av fästelements betydelse för chassidynamiken

Bilindustrin är i ständig utveckling och är väl medvetna om de ökande kraven från kundermed avseende på körkomfort och körupplevelse. Lastbilar med tunga laster är ofta utrustademed en påbyggnad, till exempel en låda för pallar och gods, en sopsamlare eller en stödram förbärning av timmer. SCANIA Bodybuilding Center utvecklar riktlinjer för val av olika typer avkarosseri, dvs typ av stödram och antal , fästpunkter. Målet med detta arbete är att utvecklaen bättre förståelse för hur det stödjande ramverket och dess infästningar i en lastbil påverkarrammens dynamik och sedan föreslå förbättringar till dessa riktlinjer.Viktiga parametrar som påverkar chassisdynamiken identifierades och beskrivs från början.Fysisk vibrationstestning av chassiet och påbyggnadsram med fasthållningsfäste utfördes vidi testrigg på Scania R&D. Frekvensresponsfunktionerna från mätningarna användes för attbestämma modala parametrar. Olika test utfördes genom att ändra parametrarna och upptagningenav mätningarna. Testresultaten användes för att studera egenfrekvenser egna frekvenser,modifieringsformer och dämpning i systemet. Även en ny metod för att bygga en dynamiskfinit element (FE) modell eller chassi och påbyggnadsram är presenterad i denna undersökning.Modalanalys av chassi-påbygnadsramssystemet gjordes för att studera FEMs egna frekvenseroch modeformer. Den föreslagna metoden för koppling av chassit och delramen i FEM är kritisktbedömd genom att korrelera FE-simuleringen med de experimentella resultaten. Baserat på deutförda experimenten och den numeriska simuleringen föreslås från experiment och numerisksimulering, föreslås nya rekommendationer med avseende på påbyggnadsanslutningarnas konfigurationi lastbil.The automotive sector is continuously evolving and the companies are well aware of therising demands from customers with regard to driving comfort and experience. Trucks carryingheavy loads are often equipped with on-built bodywork, for example a box for pallets and goods, agarbage collector device or a supporting frame for carrying timber. SCANIA bodybuilding centredevelops guidelines for selecting different types of bodywork, i.e. the type of supporting frame,design and number of attachment brackets, attachment points. The purpose of this master thesisis to develop a better understanding of how the supporting frame and its attachments in a truckinfluence the chassis frame dynamics and to propose improvements to these guidelines.Major parameters influencing the chassis dynamics were identified and described from theoutset. Physical vibration testing of the chassis-subframe assembly was carried out at roadsimulator. The frequency response functions from the measurements were used to determinethe modal parameters. Several tests were performed by altering the parameters and recordingthe measurements. The results from the test cases were used to study and analyse the eigenfrequencies, mode shapes and damping in the system. Also, a new method to build a dynamicfinite element (FE) model of chassis and subframe is presented in this study. Modal analysisof the chassis-subframe assembly was done to study the eigen frequencies and mode shapes byFEM. The proposed method of coupling the chassis and the subframe is critically assessed bycorrelating the results from FE simulation with the experimental results. Based on the resultsfrom experiment and numerical simulation, new recommendations are proposed with regard tothe bodywork attachments’ configuration in the truck

Parameterstudie av fästelements betydelse för chassidynamiken

Bilindustrin är i ständig utveckling och är väl medvetna om de ökande kraven från kundermed avseende på körkomfort och körupplevelse. Lastbilar med tunga laster är ofta utrustademed en påbyggnad, till exempel en låda för pallar och gods, en sopsamlare eller en stödram förbärning av timmer. SCANIA Bodybuilding Center utvecklar riktlinjer för val av olika typer avkarosseri, dvs typ av stödram och antal , fästpunkter. Målet med detta arbete är att utvecklaen bättre förståelse för hur det stödjande ramverket och dess infästningar i en lastbil påverkarrammens dynamik och sedan föreslå förbättringar till dessa riktlinjer.Viktiga parametrar som påverkar chassisdynamiken identifierades och beskrivs från början.Fysisk vibrationstestning av chassiet och påbyggnadsram med fasthållningsfäste utfördes vidi testrigg på Scania R&D. Frekvensresponsfunktionerna från mätningarna användes för attbestämma modala parametrar. Olika test utfördes genom att ändra parametrarna och upptagningenav mätningarna. Testresultaten användes för att studera egenfrekvenser egna frekvenser,modifieringsformer och dämpning i systemet. Även en ny metod för att bygga en dynamiskfinit element (FE) modell eller chassi och påbyggnadsram är presenterad i denna undersökning.Modalanalys av chassi-påbygnadsramssystemet gjordes för att studera FEMs egna frekvenseroch modeformer. Den föreslagna metoden för koppling av chassit och delramen i FEM är kritisktbedömd genom att korrelera FE-simuleringen med de experimentella resultaten. Baserat på deutförda experimenten och den numeriska simuleringen föreslås från experiment och numerisksimulering, föreslås nya rekommendationer med avseende på påbyggnadsanslutningarnas konfigurationi lastbil.The automotive sector is continuously evolving and the companies are well aware of therising demands from customers with regard to driving comfort and experience. Trucks carryingheavy loads are often equipped with on-built bodywork, for example a box for pallets and goods, agarbage collector device or a supporting frame for carrying timber. SCANIA bodybuilding centredevelops guidelines for selecting different types of bodywork, i.e. the type of supporting frame,design and number of attachment brackets, attachment points. The purpose of this master thesisis to develop a better understanding of how the supporting frame and its attachments in a truckinfluence the chassis frame dynamics and to propose improvements to these guidelines.Major parameters influencing the chassis dynamics were identified and described from theoutset. Physical vibration testing of the chassis-subframe assembly was carried out at roadsimulator. The frequency response functions from the measurements were used to determinethe modal parameters. Several tests were performed by altering the parameters and recordingthe measurements. The results from the test cases were used to study and analyse the eigenfrequencies, mode shapes and damping in the system. Also, a new method to build a dynamicfinite element (FE) model of chassis and subframe is presented in this study. Modal analysisof the chassis-subframe assembly was done to study the eigen frequencies and mode shapes byFEM. The proposed method of coupling the chassis and the subframe is critically assessed bycorrelating the results from FE simulation with the experimental results. Based on the resultsfrom experiment and numerical simulation, new recommendations are proposed with regard tothe bodywork attachments’ configuration in the truck

Understanding Urban Water Consumption using Remotely Sensed Data

Urban metabolism is an active field of research that deals with the estimation of emissions and resource consumption from urban regions. The analysis could be carried out through a manual surveyor by the implementation of elegant machine learning algorithms. In this exploratory work, we estimate the water consumption by the buildings in the region captured by satellite imagery. To this end, we break our analysis into three parts: i) Identification of building pixels, given a satellite image, followed by ii) identification of the building type (residential/non-residential) from the building pixels, and finally iii) using the building pixels along with their type to estimate the water consumption using the average per unit area consumption for different building types as obtained from municipal surveys.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, IEEE Conference Proceedings (IGARSS 2022

Enhancement of Lithium Ion Mobility in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes in Presence of Additives

Ionic liquids are widely considered as potential electrolytes for lithium batteries due to their tunable electrochemical properties. In the present study, the mobility and transport characteristics of lithium ions in <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-propylpyrrolidinium bis­(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)­imide (mppy⁺TFSI^–) ionic liquids were characterized using the molecular dynamics method. Results from the simulations indicate that inclusion of organic additives such as ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and tetrahydrofuran decreases the extent of coordination of the lithium ion with the anion of the ionic liquid and hence increases its mobility and overall ionic conductivity. The mobility of lithium ions in the ionic liquid based electrolyte increases with increasing concentration of the additive. Of the additives investigated, ethylene carbonate was identified as the most effective in increasing the mobility of lithium ions, while vinylene carbonate increases the overall ionic conductivity to the greatest extent

Ambedkar & Ambedkarism: Foundation, Building Blocks and Relevance

This book brings sheds light on some hitherto unexplored aspects of the life and works of Dr Bhimarao Ambedkar, arguably the greatest influence on Indian society in modern times. It is a maiden attempt to provide authoritative and comprehensive information on these two topics. Pramod Ranjan, a well-known scholar of Dalit-Bahujan ideology, has taken pains to produce a well-rounded volume on Ambedkar. The first section of the book throws light on the factors that shaped Ambedkar's ideology. The second section analyses Ambedkar's views on religion. Five articles compiled in the third section spell out the significance of Ambedkar's contribution as a historian, educationist, jurist, economist, and anthropologist. This Section includes a succinct write-up on Ambedkar's feminism. The fourth section is centred on the future of Ambedkarism and also seeks to explain what Ambedkarism is and isn't. The fifth section contains a comprehensive chronology of the life and works of Ambedkar. This book is not only useful for university students and research scholars engaged in the study of social justice movements but is also a must-read for social workers interested in acquiring a deeper understanding of Ambedkar and Ambedkarism