Electric readout of magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet-semiconductor system

We apply an analysis of time-dependent spin-polarized current in a semiconductor channel at room temperature to establish how the magnetization configuration and dynamics of three ferromagnetic terminals, two of them biased and third connected to a capacitor, affect the currents and voltages. In a steady state, the voltage on the capacitor is related to spin accumulation in the channel. When the magnetization of one of the terminals is rotated, a transient current is triggered. This effect can be used for electrical detection of magnetization reversal dynamics of an electrode or for dynamical readout of the alignment of two magnetic contacts.Comment: Revised version, 8 pages, 3 figure

Spintronics for electrical measurement of light polarization

The helicity of a circularly polarized light beam may be determined by the spin direction of photo-excited electrons in a III-V semiconductor. We present a theoretical demonstration how the direction of the ensuing electron spin polarization may be determined by electrical means of two ferromagnet/semiconductor Schottky barriers. The proposed scheme allows for time-resolved detection of spin accumulation in small structures and may have a device application.Comment: Revised version, 8 two-column pages, 5 figures; Added: a comprehensive time dependent analysis, figures 3b-3c & 5, equations 6 & 13-16 and 3 references. submitted to Phys. Rev.

Strategi Koalisi Partai terhadap Pemenangan Pasangan Haris-zardewan dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Kabupaten Pelalawan Tahun 2015

The purpose of this study is to illustrate and analyze party coalition\u27s strategy on the victory of Haris-Zardewan pair in the election of Pelalawan Regency head of the year 2015. And to illustrate and analyze the factors that cause political parties wanting to be coalition for the victory of the Haris-Zardewan pair in the election Head of the district of Pelalawan Regency in 2015. The type of research used is qualitative research. In defining informants using snowball sampling technique. The informant in this study is taken by purposive sampling, where selecting competent informants in the field and can provide the information needed by the coalition party to support / win the Haris-Zardewan pair in Pelalawan Regency Data collection methods are interviews and documentation. The method of data analysis is qualitative, which is by describing the data in the form of detailed and complete sentences (intact) to answer all the problems studied

Word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and children

This article investigates the word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and five- and seven-year-old children. The participants were asked to complete sentences to describe pictures depicting actions between two animate entities. Adults preferred agent-initial constructions in the patient voice but not in the agent voice, while the children produced mainly agent-initial constructions regardless of voice. This agent-initial preference, despite the lack of a close link between the agent and the subject in Tagalog, shows that this word order preference is not merely syntactically-driven (subject-initial preference). Additionally, the children’s agent-initial preference in the agent voice, contrary to the adults’ lack of preference, shows that children do not respect the subject-last principle of ordering Tagalog full noun phrases. These results suggest that language-specific optional features like a subject-last principle take longer to be acquired

Word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and children

This article investigates the word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and five- and seven-year-old children. The participants were asked to complete sentences to describe pictures depicting actions between two animate entities. Adults preferred agent-initial constructions in the patient voice but not in the agent voice, while the children produced mainly agent-initial constructions regardless of voice. This agent-initial preference, despite the lack of a close link between the agent and the subject in Tagalog, shows that this word order preference is not merely syntactically-driven (subject-initial preference). Additionally, the children’s agent-initial preference in the agent voice, contrary to the adults’ lack of preference, shows that children do not respect the subject-last principle of ordering Tagalog full noun phrases. These results suggest that language-specific optional features like a subject-last principle take longer to be acquired

Perancangan Game Turn Based Strategy Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy dan Naive Bayes Classifier

Pengembangan NPC (Non Player Character) pada game strategi berbasis giliran (Turn Based Strategy) dengan menggunakan sistem kecerdasan buatan dapat membuat pengambilan keputusan berupa aksi penyerangan yang dilakukan NPC menjadi lebih otonom dan memiliki perilaku yang mengadopsi nalar manusia. Logika fuzzy merupakan cabang dari sistem kecerdasan buatan, dapat merepresentasikan kecerdasan manusia berdasarkan pada Perubahan kondisi lingkungan yang dihadapi. Penerapan logika fuzzy Sugeno untuk pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan NPC dalam game, mengacu pada aturan-aturan yang direpresentasikan dalam parameter input pada proses logika fuzzy, dimana melalui proses perhitungan matematis sederhana dan menghasilkan suatu konstanta yang mewakili atribut NPC berupa nilai kekuatan serang. NPC prajurit dalam game memiliki status yang akan dijadikan output fuzzy yaitu kekuatan serang dengan parameter input variabel fuzzy yaitu nyawa (healthy point) dan stamina pada karakter maupun NPC. Pengklasifikasian strategi penyerangan musuh oleh NPC didalam game menggunakan klasifikasi Naive Bayes yang menggunakan atribut masukan berupa kekuatan serang dan kekuatan bertahan pada karakter dan NPC, menghasilkan suatu kelas dengan bobot terbesar dari tiga kelas kandidat atau target yang merepresentasikan suatu aksi penyerangan yaitu menyerang dengan pisau, senapan atau melempar dengan granat. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, penerapan metode logika fuzzy dan Naive Bayes pada game Turn Based Strategy dapat menghasilkan nilai kekuatan serang dan jenis serangan yang sesuai untuk pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan NPC pada saat melakukan penyerangan terhadap karakter

Pemetaan Kinerja Relatif Kepemimpian Kepala Daerah terhadap Sifat Kepemimpinan Rasulullah SAW

Artikel ini mengusulkan model pengukuran kinerja (pemetaan) kepemimpinan yang didasarkan kepada keempat sifat Rasulullah SAW, yaitu shiddiq, tabligh, amanah, dan fathanah. Studi kasus yang digunakan adalah implementasi kepemimpinan terhadap tiga kepala daerah tingkat Kotamadya/Kabupaten Provinsi Jawa Barat. Proses kajian diawali dengan mengidentifikasi variabel atau kriteria beserta satuan ukurannya dari masing-masing sifat Rasulullah. Selanjutnya, dilakukan survei di daerah yang menjadi target kajian, yaitu Kab-kota A, B, dan C. Untuk pemetaan, digunakan konsep perhitungan yang dikembangkan oleh tim Technology Atlas Project-Unitet Nation dan akhirnya dapat dihitung Indeks Kepemimpinan (IK) untuk setiap pimpinan di daerahnya masing-masing. IK tersebut menggambarkan tingkat kepemimpinan relatif menurut pandangan masyarakat, apakah sudah sesuai dengan sifat kepemimpinan yang telah dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah

Severe hypertension and flushing in a patient with a non-metastatic carcinoid tumour

A case of multiple endocrine adenopathy type I associated with a solitary carcinoid tumour is described. During anaesthesia the characteristic syndrome consisting of hypertension, tachycardia and flushing occurred. The possible mechanisms for this are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72985/1/j.1365-2044.1982.tb00995.x.pd

Electrical expression of spin accumulation in ferromagnet/semiconductor structures

We treat the spin injection and extraction via a ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor Schottky barrier as a quantum scattering problem. This enables the theory to explain a number of phenomena involving spin-dependent current through the Schottky barrier, especially the counter-intuitive spin polarization direction in the semiconductor due to current extraction seen in recent experiments. A possible explanation of this phenomenon involves taking into account the spin-dependent inelastic scattering via the bound states in the interface region. The quantum-mechanical treatment of spin transport through the interface is coupled with the semiclassical description of transport in the adjoining media, in which we take into account the in-plane spin diffusion along the interface in the planar geometry used in experiments. The theory forms the basis of the calculation of spin-dependent current flow in multi-terminal systems, consisting of a semiconductor channel with many ferromagnetic contacts attached, in which the spin accumulation created by spin injection/extraction can be efficiently sensed by electrical means. A three-terminal system can be used as a magnetic memory cell with the bit of information encoded in the magnetization of one of the contacts. Using five terminals we construct a reprogrammable logic gate, in which the logic inputs and the functionality are encoded in magnetizations of the four terminals, while the current out of the fifth one gives a result of the operation.Comment: A review to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.