Les communautés monastiques en Pologne au Moyen Âge: bilan et perspectives

Dans le présent article, je me propose de présenter le bilan des recherches portant sur les communautés monastiques en Pologne au Moyen Âge. Le bilan comprend les travaux consacrés aux ordres érémitiques, monastiques et canoniaux (stricto sensu, c’est–à–dire les chanoines réguliers de Saint Augustin, les prémontrés, les victorins et la congrégation d’Arrouaise). Je ne tiendrai pas compte des ordres militaires, des hospitaliers (dont les chanoines du Saint–Sépulcre si nombreux en Pologne), ni des ordres mendiants, pas plus que l’ordre de saint Paul premier ermite. Le cadre chronologique du bilan en question ne dépasse pas le début du XVIe siècle; son cadre géographique se limite au territoire de la Pologne actuelle. L’analyse portera avant tout sur l’historiographie polonaise. Les territoires qui jusqu’en 1945 ont appartenu à l’Allemagne, à savoir la Silésie, la Poméranie occidentale, la Nouvelle Marche et la Prusse, ont une riche bibliographie allemande; la Silésie, ayant appartenu à la Bohême du XIVe jusqu’au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, dispose, en plus, d’une bibliographie tchèque. Vu le manque de place, je ne pourrai pas leur consacrer beaucoup d’attention

Deconsolidation of democracy in 21st century Latin America

The first decades of 21st century are a difficult time for Latin America and the Caribbean. This is also evident in the area of democracy and its consolidation. Particularly recent years have brought significant problems and challenges in functioning of democratic regimes. As a consequence, it is justified to talk about the process called deconsolidation of democracy in this region. In the article, the present condition of democratic regimes in Latin America and the Caribbean is presented. It is followed by an analysis of basic challenges and finally explaining potential risks for the process of consolidation of democratic regimes in the region

Old methods of alternative treatment in Saudi Arabia

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere. Vindecătorii în antichitate credeau că căldura ajută la creșterea fluxului de energie vitală în organism, reduce simptomele de răceală și întărește sistemul imunitar. Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea celor mai frecvente și mai vechi metode de tratament alternativ din Arabia Saudită. Material și metode. Analiza documentelor și surselor vechi, privind metodele alternative de tratament. Rezultate. „Cauterizarea directă” a fost una din metodele tradiționale de tratament care a avut repercusiuni, deoarece provoacă arsuri pielii și diverse leziuni, fiind periculoase pentru diabetici, deși rezultatele sale foarte eficiente în tratarea multor boli, inclusiv: dureri de spate (rigiditate musculară), migrenă, inflamarea tendoanelor și articulațiilor au avut o cerere crescută printre pacienți. Concluzii. Metodele vechi de tratament din Arabia Saudită au avut o aplicabilitate locală, dar cu o mare popularitate printre cei care sufereau de diferite boli.Background. Healers in ancient times believed that heat helps increase the flow of vital energy in the body, reduces cold symptoms and strengthens the immune system. Objective of the study. Introducing the most common and oldest methods of alternative treatment in Saudi Arabia. Material and methods. Analysis of old documents and sources regarding alternative treatment methods. Results. „Direct cauterization” was one of the traditional treatment methods that had repercussions because it causes skin burns and lesions, these burns are dangerous for diabetics, although its results are very effective in treating many diseases, including back pain - muscle stiffness - migraine - inflammation of tendons and joints had an increased demand among patients. Conclusion. The old methods of treatment in Saudi Arabia had a local applicability, but with great popularity among those suffering from various diseases

Immunotherapy in Pediatric Acute Leukemia: A Novel Magic Bullet or an Illusory Hope?

The last decade became the renaissance for investigating and exploring the potential role of immunotherapy in pediatric acute leukemia (AL). It is beyond question that there is an interaction between innate immune system and hematological malignancy. Leukemia cells inhibit the host immune response according to multiple mechanisms, but exploiting the innate immune system mechanisms can overcome the resistance to the conventional treatment. What is the role of immunotherapy in pediatric AL treatment? Does it have the potential to substitute or combine the standard chemotherapy? What is the best possible timing to take advantage of immune interventions? This review is considered to follow through the possible treatment options including their foundation, strong and weak points, but also information about possible implementation into the clinical practice

Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Pediatric Patients: A Review About Current Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches

Acute leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy, accounting for almost 35% of all childhood cancers. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 15–20% of pediatric acute leukemia. Majority of AML cases appear de novo, however a minority of cases can present as a secondary malignancy. AML is a highly heterogeneous disease and its diagnosis involves a combination of diagnostic analyses including morphology, immunophenotyping, cytochemistry, and leukemic blasts derived from peripheral blood or bone marrow demonstrating cytogenic and molecular characteristics. Through the identification of recurrent genetic mutations, it has been made possible to refine individual prognosis and guide therapeutic management. The current survival rate of children with AML is approximately 70%. The standard therapeutic regimen is a combination of cytarabine- and anthracycline-based regimens with allogenic stem cell transplantation in appropriate patients. Relapse in pediatric patients suffering from AML occurs in approximately 30% of cases, whereas death occurs in 5–10% of patients as a result of disease complications or chemotherapeutic side effects. In understanding the genetic basis of AML, targeted therapies will have the ability to reduce treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of AML, its biology, diagnosis and therapeutic management in pediatric patients