Spin Angular Momentum Evolution of the Long Period Algols

We consider the spin angular momentum evolution of the accreting components of Algol-type binary stars. In wider Algols the accretion is through a disc so that the accreted material can transfer enough angular momentum to the gainer that material at its equator should be spinning at break-up. We demonstrate that even a small amount of mass transfer, much less than required to produce today's mass ratios, transfers enough angular momentum to spin the gainer up to this critical rotation velocity. However the accretors in these systems have spins typically between 10 and $40\,$per cent of the critical rate. So some mechanism for angular momentum loss from the gainers is required. We consider generation of magnetic fields in the radiative atmospheres in a differentially rotating star and the possibility of angular momentum loss driven by strong stellar winds in the intermediate mass stars, such as the primaries of the Algols. Differential rotation, induced by the accretion itself, may produce such winds which carry away enough angular momentum to reduce their rotational velocities to the today's observed values. We apply this model to two systems with initial periods of 5\,d, one with initial masses 5 and $3\,\rm{M}_{\odot}$ and the other with 3.2 and $2\,\rm{M}_{\odot}$. Our calculations show that, if the mass outflow rate in the stellar wind is about $10\,$per cent of the accretion rate and the dipole magnetic field is stronger than about $1\,$kG, the spin rate of the gainer is reduced to below break-up velocity even in the fast phase of mass transfer. Larger mass loss is needed for smaller magnetic fields. The slow rotation of the gainers in the classical Algol systems is explained by a balance between the spin-up by mass accretion and spin-down by a stellar wind linked to a magnetic field.Comment: 12 figures, 26 pages, accepted in MNRA

The Absolute Parameters for NSVS 11868841 and the Oversized Stars in the Low-Mass Eclipsing Binaries

Spectroscopic observations of the low-mass eclipsing binary NSVS 11868841 have been obtained and the radial velocities were derived for both components. The masses and radii determined for the components are $M_1$ =0.870$\pm$0.074\Msun, $M_2$=0.607$\pm$0.053\Msun and $R_1$ =0.983 $\pm$0.030 \Rsun, $R_2$ =0.901$\pm$0.026 \Rsun. Both the primary and secondary stars' radii are 10 \% and 57\% larger than those of zero-age-main-sequence stars with the same masses. This discrepancy may be arisen from the large spot coverage of both stars. We collected absolute parameters of 21 low mass double-lined eclipsing binaries and compared their positions in the mass-radius and mass-effective temperature panels. The large radii and lower effective temperatures are solved neither with difference in metallicity nor in mixing length parameters. These discrepancies in the low mass stars may be originated by magnetic fields causing inhibition convective energy transport which leads to large magnetic spot coverage on the surface of a low mass star.Comment: Accepted in RevMexAA. 21 pages, 7 figures, 5 Table

Histopathology of giant cell tumors of the bone: With special emphasis on fibrohistiocytic and aneurysmal bone cyst like components

WOS: 000464719700007PubMed ID: 30392920Objective: The aim of this study was to define histopathological features of giant cell tumor of bone, especially accompanying fibrohistiocytic or aneurysmal bone cyst like components, in the light of our institutions experience. Methods: A total of 120 cases (64 females and 56 males; mean age: 36.2 (12-80)) with 'GCT' diagnosed between the years 1996-2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. Cases were evaluated according to clinical features such as age, gender, localization, recurrence, metastasis and histopathological features. Results: Tumors were localized most frequently at proximal tibia and distal femur, respectively. In 11 cases areas rich in fibrohistiocytic component and in 20 cases aneurysmal bone cyst like component were observed. In 2 cases both components were present. Twenty three cases recurred. In 1 case which was primarily located at calcaneus, tumor metastasized to lung 4 years later during follow-up. Conclusion: GCT can be confused with other tumor or tumor-like lesions involving giant cells. Secondary changes such as fibrohistiocytic or aneurysmal bone cyst-like components and coagulation necrosis were frequently seen in conventional giant cell tumor of bone. For tumors having prominent fibrohistiocytic and/or aneurysmal bone cyst-like components, in order to detect characteristic areas representing GCT, additional sampling is essential. Although secondary histopathological changes do not appear to affect clinical outcome, these features are important in differential diagnosis. Approximately one fifth of GCT cases show recurrence and sacrum and foot bones were the most frequent sites for recurrence

The Functionality of Nasreddin Hoca Anecdotes in the Context of Humor-Sufizm Relationship: the Example of the Burhaniye Tercumesi

DergiPark: 421972trakyasobedMizahınakli bir unsur olarak kabulü asırlar öncesine dayanmaktadır. Genel olarak komikbir dürtüyle başlayan, gülümseme veya gülme gibi bir tavırla sonlanan mizahıntemel unsuru zekâdır. Özellikle mizahı işlevsel anlamda kullanmak ciddi manadabir zekâ kuvvetini gerektirmektedir. Bu anlamda kültür tarihimizin enkarakteristik şahsiyetlerinden birisi şüphesiz Nasreddin Hoca’dır. O, AnadoluTürklüğünün Moğol akın ve yağmalarıyla, iç kavga ve çekişmelerle, siyasiotorite zayıflığıyla, kuraklıkla ve buna bağlı olarak kıtlık ve yoksulluklamücadele etmek zorunda kaldığı, toplum psikolojisinin harap olduğu bir dönemdeeğitim metodu olarak mizahı tercih etmiş, sadece Anadolu insanını değilneredeyse tüm dünyaya güldürerek düşündürmeyi başarabilmiştir. NasreddinHoca, hem latifeleriyle insanları güldürmüş hem de halkın gerçeklikbeklentisini dikkate aldığı ve mizahını gerçekçi bir zemin üzerine inşa ettiğiiçin fıkraları insanlarda ilgi uyandırmış, iletişim ve etkileşimikolaylaştırmış dolayısıyla mizah yoluyla eğitim değerlerinin benimsetilmesi,kültürel öğelerin geleceğe aktarılmasını sağlamıştır. William Bascom’unformülize ettiği dört folklor işlevini de onun fıkralarında tespit etmekmümkündür. Yapılanaraştırmalarla Hoca’nın iyiden iyiye belirginleşen mutasavvıf kimliği ve onunhalk arasında veli olarak telakki edilmesi, latifelerinin sosyal yöndekiöğütlerle birlikte dini mahiyette anlamlar taşıdığı fikrine yol açmıştır. Bubağlamda onun olduğuna inanılan kimi metinler üzerine çeşitli şerhleryapılmıştır. Çalışmamızdaöncelikle tasavvufun mizaha bakışı, alanın üç temel dinamiği diyebileceğimizKur’an-ı Kerim, sünnet ve mutasavvıfların konuya yaklaşımlarıyla açıklanmayaçalışılmış, Nasreddin Hoca’nın dini kimliği üzerinde durulmuş ve bundan sonraHoca’nın fıkraları bağlamında Burhaniye Tercümesi’nin yer verdiği tasavvufitemalar üzerinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. ABSTRACT: The acceptance of humor as an element of mind is based on centuriesago. Humor generally starts with a funny impulse, ends with smile or laugh. thebasic element of humor is intelligence.  In particular, using humor in a functional sense requires a strongintelligence. In this sense, one of the most characteristic personalities of ourcultural history is undoubtedly Nasreddin Hodja. He preferred humor as a methodof education in a period when Anatolian Turks had to struggle with Mongolianraids and looting, internal fighting and controversy, weak political authority,drought and, accordingly, scarcity and poverty. not only the Anatolian people,but almost all the world laughed and thought.Nasreddin Hodja laughedpeople with his anecdotes and built his humor on a realistic ground at the sametime. this has also attracted interest in the people against the his anecdotes.Facilitating communication and interaction, and thus the adoption ofeducational values through humor, the transmission of cultural items to thefuture. It is possible to identify the four folklore functions formulated byWilliam Bascom in his anecdotes. With the researches made,Hodja's well-recognized Sufi identity and his being considered as a saint amongthe people, has led to the idea that anecdotes carry meaning with religionalong with social advice. In this context, various explanations have been madeon certain texts which are believed to be her.In our work, first of all,humor for sufism is tried to be explained with the approaches of the Qur'an,sunnah and sufis. Then, the religious identity of Nasreddin Hodja wasemphasized and after that in the context of the Hodja's anecdotes, evaluationswere made on the mystical themes which included the work named BurhaniyeTercumes

The dynamical mass and evolutionary status of the type-II Cepheid in the eclipsing binary system OGLE-LMC-T2CEP-211 with a double-ring disk

We present the analysis of a peculiar W~Virginis (pWVir) type-II Cepheid, OGLE-LMC-T2CEP-211 ($P_{puls}=9.393\,d$), in a double-lined binary system ($P_{orb}=242\,d$), which shed light on virtually unknown evolutionary status and structure of pWVir stars. The dynamical mass of the Cepheid (first ever for a type-II Cepheid) is $0.64\pm{}0.02\,M_\odot$ and the radius $R=25.1\pm{}0.3\,R_\odot$. The companion is a massive ($5.67\,M_\odot$) main-sequence star obscured by a disk. Such configuration suggests a mass transfer in the system history. We found that originally the system ($P_{orb}^{init}=12\,d$) was composed of $3.5$ and $2.8\,M_\odot$ stars, with the current Cepheid being more massive. The system age is now $\sim{}$200 My, and the Cepheid is almost completely stripped of hydrogen, with helium mass of $\sim{}92\%$ of the total mass. It finished transferring the mass 2.5 My ago and is evolving towards lower temperatures passing through the instability strip. Comparison with observations indicate a reasonable $2.7\cdot{}10^{-8}\,M_\odot/y$ mass loss from the Cepheid. The companion is most probably a Be main-sequence star with $T=22000\,K$ and $R=2.5\,R_\odot$. Our results yield a good agreement with a pulsation theory model for a hydrogen-deficient pulsator, confirming the described evolutionary scenario. We detected a two-ring disk ($R_{disk}\sim\,116\,R_{\odot}$) and a shell ($R_{shell}\sim\,9\,R_{\odot}$) around the companion, that is probably a combination of the matter from the past mass transfer, the mass being lost by the Cepheid due to wind and pulsations, and a decretion disk around a rapidly rotating secondary. Our study together with observational properties of pWVir stars suggests that their majority are products of a similar binary evolution interaction.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

KISPET IN TURKISH WRESTLING, MASTERY OF KISPET AND BELIEFS ABOUT KISPET

Küreselleşen dünyada, baskın kültürlerin diğer kültürleri asimile etmesi, dünya çapında yok olmaya yüz tutmuş kültürlerin tekrar canlandırılması için uluslararası koruma programlarının geliştirilmesine sebep olmuştur. 17 Ekim 2003 tarihinde imzalanan ve Türkiye’nin de 2006 yılında taraf olduğu Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Korunması Sözleşmesi, ülkeler için kültür sorununu uluslararası bir sorumluluk alanı haline getirmiştir. Bundan sonra, bahsettiğimiz şekliyle yerel kültürel ürünleri dünyaya tanıtmak adına Türkiye’den sema gösterileri, âşıklık geleneği gibi kültürel değerlerimizin yanında 2010 yılında Kırkpınar Yağlı Pehlivan Güreşleri de UNESCO’nun “Dünya Kültür Mirası” listesine alınmıştır. Yağlı güreşlerin Türk spor ve eğlence kültüründe çok mühim bir mevkii bulunmaktadır. Bu mevkii sadece sporun teknikleriyle değil güreşin elementleri diyebileceğimiz kispet, yağ, cazgır, davulcu-zurnacı vb. ile dolmuştur. Özellikle pehlivanın yarısı diye tanımlanan kispet yağlı güreşin olmazsa olmazıdır. Özel bir isçilik isteyen kispet, her deri ustasının yapabileceği bir iş değildir. Yağlı güreşin kökeninde bulunan İslami unsurlar tasarımından, giyimine kadar kispete de tesir etmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda kispet, kispet üzerine inanışlar ve kispet ustalığı ele alınmıştır.In the globalizing world, dominant cultures assimilate the other cultures to the stage of polling, has led to the development of international protection programs for the revitalization of extinction cultures around the world. Signed on 17 October 2003 and that Turkey is a party to the 2006 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage has made the issue of culture an international responsibility for countries. Thereafter, introduce local culture products to the world, as well as our cultural values semah performance, minstrelsy tradition from Turkey, Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling in 2010 in the UNESCO "World Heritage" list it was taken. Oil wrestling has a very important position in Turkish sports and entertainment culture. This position is filled not only with sports techniques but with wrestling elements such as kispet, oil, cazgir (announcer), musicians and so on. Especially kispet half of the wrestlers and It should be absolute in oil wrestling. Kispet want a special workmanship, every leather master does not sew it. There are Islamic elements in the origin of greasy wrestling. From design to clothing, kispet was influenced by them. In this context, our work has been dealt with the kispet, beliefs about kispet and mastery of kispet

Evidence for conservative mass transfer in the classical Algol system δ Librae from its surface carbon-to-nitrogen abundance ratio

Algol-type binary systems are the product of rapid mass transfer between the initially more massive component to its companion. It is still unknown whether the process is conservative, or whether substantial mass is lost from the system. The history of a system prior to mass exchange is imprinted in the photospheric chemical composition, in particular in the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. We use this to trace the efficiency of mass-transfer processes in the components of a classical Algol-type system, δ Librae. The present analysis is based on new spectroscopic data (ground-based high-resolution échelle spectra) and extracted archival photometric observations (space-based measurements from the STEREO satellites). In the orbital solution, non-Keplerian effects on the radial-velocity variations were taken into account. This reduces the primary’s mass by 1.1  M⊙ (∼23%) significantly in comparison to previous studies, and removes a long-standing discrepancy between the radius and effective temperature. A spectral disentangling technique is applied to the échelle observations and the spectra of the individual components are separated. Atmospheric and abundance analyses are performed for the mass-gaining component and we found C/N =1.55 ± 0.40 for this star. An extensive set of evolutionary models (3.5 × 106) for both components are calculated from which the best-fitting model is derived. It is found that β, the parameter which quantifies the efficiency of mass-loss from a binary system, is close to zero. This means that the mass-transfer in δ Lib is mostly conservative with little mass loss from the system

State reduction of incompletely specified finite sequential machines

Bu çalışmada, kısmen belirli ardışıl makinelerde durum indirgeme konusu ele alınmıştır. Durum indirgeme için geliştirilen algoritmalar, Boole fonksiyonlarının birlikte indirgenmesi, durum kodlama ve tek koşullu örtü problemi çözme gibi lojik tasarımın diğer adımlarına da uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan kapalı yollar kümesi kavramına ve bu kümeden minimal kapalı örtü elde etmeye dayanan bir yönteme literatürde rastlanmamıştır. Bu algoritmalara dayanan, SRC (State Reduction and Covering) programı geliştirilmiştir. SRC, MCNC ve diğer bençmarklarda Rho yöntemi (Rho vd., 1994) ve Puri yöntemi (Puri ve Gu, 1993) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Test sonuçlarından da görüldüğü gibi SRC programı özellikle kritik bençmarklarda daha iyi sonuç vermiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: lojik tasarım, algoritma, durum indirgeme, örtü problemi.This paper is concerned with the problem of synthesizing a class of digital circuits, sequential circuits, more specifically state reduction of of incompletely specified sequential circuits. State reduction is an important step in the design of the synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits. The algorithms which are developed for state reduction, are also applied to other steps of the logic synthesis, such as multiple-output Boolean minimization, state encoding and unite/binate covering problems. In this paper three algorithms are presented to find a minimal equivalent of a given incompletely specified finite sequential machine. These algorithms use a new concept; closed paths constituted by compatibles or prime compatibles. This closed paths concept and an algorithm which uses this concept is not observed in the literature. These algorithms are implemented in an efficient computer program SRC (State Reduction and Covering). SRC is run and tested on several FSMs including the MCNC FSM benchmarks and the results are given in conclusion. From the test results, it can be seen that, despite of the limited computing resources, SRC is more efficient on all benchmarks, especially on the critical benchmarks. Using these algorithms, MORP (Multiple Output Reduction Program) developed to realize m Boolean functions with n variables. State reduction methods which are developed in this work, are also applied to state encoding problem and a computer program, OPASKOD (Race-free State Assignment Program) developed.Keywords: logic synthesis, algorithm, state reduction, covering problem

Evaluation of diagnostic findings and scoring systems in outcome prediction in acute pancreatitis

AIM: To determine factors related to disease severity, mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients were admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a 5-year period (1998-2002). In a prospective design, demographic data, etiology, mean hospital admission time, clinical, radiological, biochemical findings, treatment modalities, mortality and morbidity were recorded. Endocrine insufficiency was investigated with oral glucose tolerance test. The relations between these parameters, scoring systems (Ranson, Imrie and APACHE II) and patients' outcome were determined by using invariable tests and the receiver operating characteristics curve. RESULTS: One hundred patients were men and 99 were women; the mean age was 55 years. Biliary pancreatitis was the most common form, followed by idiopathic pancreatitis (53% and 26%, respectively). Sixty-three patients had severe pancreatitis and 136 had mild disease. Respiratory rate > 20/min, pulse rate > 90/min, increased C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, organ necrosis > 30% on computed tomography (CT) and leukocytosis were associated with severe disease. The rate of glucose intolerance, morbidity and mortality were 24.1%, 24.8% and 13.6%, respectively. CRP > 142 mg/L, BUN > 22 mg/dL, LDH > 667 U/L, base excess > -5, CT severity index > 3 and APACHE score > 8 were related to morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: APACHE H score, LDH, base excess and CT severity index have prognostic value and CRP is a reliable marker for predicting both mortality and morbidity

Bronchogenic Cysts Located in Neck Region: An Uncommon Entity with a Common Reason for Misdiagnosis

Herein we present a child with a bronchogenic cyst, which was located at the right side of the cervical oesophagus displacing it to the left. At operation we found that the cyst had a common wall with the oesophagus, which was completely excised. Preoperative diagnosis was esophageal duplication, however, histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst. As accurate preliminary diagnosis is difficult in bronchogenic cysts, we assume to have this pathology in mind in the differential diagnosis, presenting at atypical locations in the neck regionIndex Word: Bronchogenic cyst, neck, sternum