Conserver et transmettre la performance artistique

Au-delà de la question de la relation entre l’art contemporain et le musée, ce numéro de Culture & Musées s’intéresse plus généralement aux enjeux de la conservation et de la transmission de toutes les formes de performance artistique. Il articule ainsi une réflexion épistémologique et méthodologique sur les usages du terme de performance dans le cadre des institutions culturelles avec l’analyse des pratiques d’exposition non seulement de l’art contemporain, mais aussi de l’opéra baroque, du patrimoine chorégraphique ou de l’œuvre musicale de Brassens. En resituant ces pratiques dans l’histoire culturelle, ce numéro enrichit notre compréhension du rôle du public et des objets techniques dans la conservation et la transmission de l’émotion artistique, ainsi que de la dimension performative du travail du conservateur. Beyond the issue of the relationship between contemporary art and museums, this issue of Culture & Musées is more generally interested in matters surrounding the curation and transmission of all forms of artistic performance. Thus, an epistemological and methodological exploration of the use of the term performance within cultural institutions is articulated with an analysis of the exhibition practices of not only contemporary pieces, but also baroque opera, dance history or the musical works of Georges Brassens. By reinstating these practices in cultural history, this issue seeks to enrich our comprehension of the role of audiences and technical apparatus in the conservation and transmission of artistic emotion, as well as the performative quality of a curator’s work

juillet-août 2013

Restaurer, valoriser, faire connaître… le patrimoine Le patrimoine est le sujet principal des différents articles proposés par ce nouveau numéro de La Lettre de l’OCIM. Qu’il s’agisse du patrimoine technique et industriel que les institutions muséales membres du réseau RéMuT s’efforcent – chacune à leur manière en fonction de leurs statuts – de sauvegarder et de gérer ; qu’il s’agisse du patrimoine scientifique des universités bordelaises dont l’inventaire et la valorisation sont utilisés comme ferment de la nouvelle organisation universitaire ; qu’il s’agisse encore d’un élément du patrimoine muséographique – une momie égyptienne – dont l’étude et la restauration ont permis la mise en commun des compétences de spécialistes venus d’horizons les plus divers ; qu’il s’agisse enfin d’une grotte qui offre à travers des visites guidées des perspectives pédagogiques pour la sensibilisation du public à la géologie et montre ainsi l’importance de la patrimonialisation des espaces naturels. Ces intiatives et projets mettent en valeur des pratiques professionnelles dont l’objectif principal est la diffusion au plus grand nombre d’une culture scientifique, technique et industrielle désormais indispensable au citoyen pour appréhender l’orientation des politiques publiques conduites dans le domaine des sciences et de la technologie. Serge Lochot, Rédacteur en che

ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19

International audienceBackground: To assess factors associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19.Results: The mean age was 78 ± 7.8 years, 55.5% were men, CT scan lung damage was observed in 76% of the patients (mild 23%, moderate 38%, extensive 22%, and severe 7%). The mortality rate was 26%. Dependency/Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score ≤ 5/6, D-Dimers, LDH, and no anticoagulation by reference for curative were independently associated with one-month mortality. A score derived from the multivariate model showed good calibration and very good discrimination (Harrell's C index [95%CI] = 0.83 [0.79-0.87]).Conclusion: ADL-dependency, high serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH and the absence of anticoagulation were independently associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19.Methods: 108 consecutive older inpatients aged 65 and over with Covid-19 confirmed by RT-PCR and/or typical CT chest scan were prospectively included in a French single-centre cohort study from March to April 2020. A systematic geriatric assessment was performed. Covariates were lymphocyte count, serum levels of albumin, C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimers and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), anticoagulation level, and exposure to the hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combined therapy. Cox uni- and multivariate proportional-hazard regressions were performed to identify predictors of one-month mortality

Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017

International audienceObjectives: To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments.Methods: For this retrospective, nationwide multicentric study, 127 French rheumatology departments were contacted to report up to 12 cases of NJSA that occurred between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017. Characteristics, diagnosis procedures, therapeutic management and outcome were recorded.Results: Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.0±18.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (0-14)). Knee was the most frequent site (n=160 (38.9%)), and Staphylococcus sp (n=185 (51.4%)), the most frequent pathogen. All patients received antibiotics for a mean duration of 46.8 (±22.0) days, including intravenous route for a mean of 17.2 (±15.4) days. Management was heterogeneous. Surgical procedure was performed in 171 (48.3%), joint immobilisation in 128 (43.8%). During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13; p<0.001), Charlson's index (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95% CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1 year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%).Conclusion: Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality. Its management was very heterogeneous. This study highlights the importance of the new French recommendations, published after the completion of the study, in order to facilitate NJSA management

L’émotion dans les expositions

L’émotion a toujours été présente au sein des musées, mais elle a longtemps été tenue pour la « folle du logis », qu’il fallait canaliser sinon supprimer. Il n’en va plus de même aujourd’hui, quand l’émotion fait partie d’une économie légitime de l’expérience de visite. Pareille émotion s’appuie sur la mobilisation des sens du visiteur par le conservateur ou par le commissaire d’exposition, sacrifie, le cas échéant, à différents rituels, et peut nourrir une pédagogie, sociale ou politique, au-delà du champ esthétique auquel elle était d’abord identifiée. Le numéro fait l’inventaire de ce tournant émotionnel au sein de la réflexion muséologique, de l’étude des publics et de la mission des institutions. Il montre combien l’émotion est désormais centrale dans un musée qui vise à donner du sens aux événements de la vie sociale, culturelle et politique. Emotion has always been present in museums, but for a long time it was considered to be the chatter of the mind, which had to be channelled if not suppressed. This is no longer the case today, when emotion is part of a legitimate economy of the visitor experience. Such emotion is based on the mobilization of the visitor’s senses by the curator, sacrificing, if need be, to different rituals, and can nourish a pedagogy, social or political, beyond the aesthetic field with which it was first identified. The issue takes stock of this emotional turning point in museological reflection, the study of audiences and the mission of institutions. It shows to what extent emotion is now central to the museum’s endeavour to give meaning to events in social, cultural and political life. La emoción siempre ha estado presente en los museos, pero durante mucho tiempo ha sido considerada como la loca del hogar, que había que canalizar, si no suprimir. Esto ya no es así hoy en día, cuando la emoción forma parte de una economía legítima de la experiencia de la visita. Una tal emoción se fundamenta en la movilización de los sentidos del visitante por el curador o el conservador, se sacrifica, si es necesario, a diferentes rituales, y puede alimentar una pedagogía, social o política, mas allá del campo estético, al cual se encontraba identificada en un comienzo. El número hace el inventario de este giro emocional, en el corazón de la reflexión museológica, del estudio de los públicos y la misión de las instituciones. Muestra cuán central es la emoción, en el afán del museo, por dar sentido a los eventos de la vida social, cultural y política

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old