Deported Veterans: The Unintended Consequences of “Good Moral Character”

The purpose of this research is to argue that U.S. immigration policy, specifically the 1996 IIRIRA (also known as IIRAIRA), needs to change regarding the legal treatment of immigrant U.S. military veteran deportees due to the following concepts. The first concept is to articulate how the criminalization of immigration, and how the military system intersects to facilitate the Deportation of U.S veterans. A key concept in this analysis is the standard of “good moral character” set by the U.S. government that enlistees need to meet to be accepted into the military; this standard is also used against immigrant veterans during immigration proceedings. Third, to show how workplace hazards-- that come from military culture, combat, deployments, and difficulty transitioning back to civilian life-- result in traumatic experiences directly linked to non-citizen veterans\u27 deportation. Immigrant U.S. veterans who return to the civilian culture with traumatic experiences can experience deportation because of the criminalization of immigration, specifically the 1996 IIRAIRA. I interconnect the three elements by separating this research paper into seven parts. First, I look at the historical context of immigrants in the military to demonstrate that migrants have a long history of heroism rather than criminality. Second, I discuss the criminalization of immigrants and how the 1996 IIRAIRA sparks the deportation of non-citizen veterans. Third, I argue that when migrants enlist into the U.S. military, they meet the government requirements of the good moral character clause highlighted in the 1996 IIRAIRA. Fourth, I talk about the lack of accountability and manipulation of enlistment by the military and analyze military cultures\u27 effects, such as encouraging violence and traumas that can lead to deportation. Fifth, I analyze the difficulties of veterans struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and transitioning back to civilian life, which includes a lack of support from veteran affairs that can also lead to deportation. Six, I explain the after-effects and possible dangers of deporting a veteran. Seventh, I critique the U.S. deported veteran policies, analyze current Deported Veteran proposals in effect, and suggest improved legislation that will allow deported veterans to return to the United States. Through text, law and policy reviews, and interviews, this research seeks to advance the understanding of how the intersects of U.S. immigration policies, criminal laws, and the military system facilitate the deportation of Latino non-citizen U.S. military veterans. The interviewed participants in this research were recruited using the snowball method. The data gathered demonstrates that immigrant veterans experience a typical transition of being veterans, but they also experience deportation because they are migrants

Language Use by Spanish Heritage Speakers in the Classroom and the World and the Implications for Educators

Looking at the patterns of language use, language attitudes, and language ideologies, this literature review investigates how Spanish heritage speakers’ use of Spanish and their views on using Spanish translate into the classroom. This paper looks at Spanish heritage language use in both official and unofficial spaces, putting emphasis on use in the classroom. Additionally, it looks at the language attitudes and ideologies Spanish heritage language speakers have toward the use of Spanish, English, and “Spanglish” in different contexts. Heritage language speakers, particularly Spanish heritage language speakers, are growing in number in the United States and in American schools. In order to help schoolteachers— including Spanish teachers, general education teachers, and English Language Learners teachers— understand these students on a deeper level and implement best practices in their classrooms this paper includes implications and suggestions for teachers working with Spanish heritage language speakers

Decolonize Your Diet

With the industrialization of the food system in past decades, convenience foods have become the cornerstone of the standard American diet. This spike in obesity rates has been more impactful for some populations than for others. In low-income communities of color, fast and processed foods are often the most accessible and affordable source of sustenance. Critical indicators of status and well-being, health disparities are one example of the social barriers faced by predominately low-income people of color. The Decolonize Your Diet project channels principles of resistance into its mission to improve the health of people of color in Oakland, California. As a model for communities of color to reclaim and reconnect with ancestral ways of eating, the program aims to inspire a sense of empowerment through food. Through the application of a decolonial framework, the workshop will promote meaningful dialogue around the value of reclaiming one’s cultural inheritance and organizing for social change. Each workshop will discuss the history and cultural significance of an ancestral dish. And through that dish, the event will create a visceral experience for participants helping them gain a greater understanding of the power of food, as well as their power as individuals and a collective community. The Decolonize Your Diet project has the power to improve the well-being of its participants not only through health, but also through engagement in social and political actions

Una aproximación metodológica al retorno de exiliados republicanos españoles

This paper examines the strategies that firstgeneration exiled republicans selected to repatriate to Spain after the end of the Spanish Civil War. It assorts the types of returns that took place between 1939 to 2010, analyzing the repatriation strategies and noting the challenges they navigated. The data is from two sets of databases compiled via scholarly work and a social media survey filled out by the descendants. It concludes with nine types of returns and their corresponding strategies.Este artículo examina las estrategias que los republicanos exiliados de la primera generación seleccionaron para repatriarse a España. Reúne los tipos de retornos que tuvieron lugar entre 1939 y 2010, analizando las estrategias de repatriación. Los datos provienen de dos base de datos compiladas a través de trabajos académicos y una encuesta de redes sociales completada por los descendientes. Concluye con nueve tipos de retornos y sus correspondientes estrategias

Patrones de reasentamiento: una aproximación digital cuantitativa y exploratoria de los exiliados republicanos de primera generación que regresaron a España (1939-2010)

This research explores the quantifiable data of 158 first-generation Republican exiles based on the year of repatriation to Spain (from 1939 to 2010); and their resettlement choices once in the country. The data was obtained from the merging of two ad hoc databases; queried to see if the individuals returned to their birthplace after their exile period or if they chose a larger or smaller city to re-incorporate into Spanish society. Gender differences are moderately examined to explore variances between women favoring their birth cities and men’s movement away from their hometowns due to external forces. We reached a series of conclusions that can be tentatively applied to the greater return experience and correlated a strong link between time spent in exile and the likelihood; or lack thereof; of returning to the city of origin. In so doing; helping to discern the adaption back into Spanish society.Esta investigación explora los datos cuantificables de ciento cincuenta y ocho exiliados republicanos de primera generación; según el año de repatriación a España (de 1939 a 2010); y sus opciones de reasentamiento una vez en el país. Los datos obtenidos provienen de la fusión de dos bases de datos; creadas ad hoc; que se consultaron para ver si estos exiliados regresaron a su lugar de nacimiento; después de su período de exilio; o si eligieron una ciudad diferente para reincorporarse a la sociedad española. Las diferencias de género se examinan moderadamente para explorar las diferencias entre las mujeres que optaban por regresar a sus ciudades nativas y los hombres que optaban por lugares diferentes debido a fuerzas externas. Llegamos a una serie de conclusiones que se pueden aplicar al fenómeno del retorno en general; correlacionándose el fuerte vínculo entre el tiempo pasado en el exilio y la probabilidad; o falta de ella; de regresar a la ciudad de origen. De este modo; nos ayuda a discernir la adaptación; o no; a la sociedad española

Degradation and water quality dynamics of sugarcane residue in South Louisiana

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to assess methods to manage the residue blanket to avoid open field burning in sugarcane. Experiments were conducted in the state of Louisiana to evaluate methods to asses and potentially reduce water quality issues. METHODS: Concentrations and frequencies of biological compost tea were sprayed on sugarcane combine-harvester residue blanket to increase degradation rate and reduce potential for runoff water to transport nutrients and sediments that may impair water bodies, while sustaining suitable sugarcane yield. Carbon dioxide evolution rate (mg CO2-C) and CO2 fluxes were measured in laboratory and in open field conditions; as an index to measure organic matter degradation. A runoff water novel collector was proposed to collect runoff water samples from sugarcane fields. RESULTS: Results demonstrate that carbon dioxide evolution rates (mg CO2-C gr-1DW h-1) were increased when applying compost tea to a shredded and non-shredded material under laboratory conditions. However, no significant differences were found among treatments. The highest degradation rate was found when applying compost tea to a dosage of 5.6 m 3 hectare-1 for a non-shredded material and 2.8 m 3 hectare-1 for shredded material. Open field evaluations demonstrated that soil carbon dioxide fluxes (µmol m2 s-1) as an indication of organic matter degradation; were significantly increased when applying compost tea to sugarcane residue left in field. The most practical degradation rate may be achieved when applying a dosage of 2.8 m 3 hectare-1 two times during the spring-time. The findings indicate that applications of biological compost tea and slow release nitrogen fertilizer could enhance nitrogen transport to water bodies. It may also indicate the opportunity to reduce supplemental inorganic nitrogen to sugarcane fields. CONCLUSION: Results partially support previous research indicating that combine-harvester leaves a residue blanket on soil, which may reduce sugar yields in subsequent crops; since sugarcane residue management treatments were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) with respect to yield during 2006 and 2007 harvest periods. Burning the residue also led to higher runoff water (175.2 m3 ha-1), high concentrations of suspended solids (93.4 mg L -1) and up to 6.93 mg L -1 of PO4 in runoff water

PDX USE IN CLINICAL TRIALS FOR TREATING COLORECTAL CANCER

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1012/thumbnail.jp

Development of Self-Healing Mechanisms for Asphalt Pavements

Self-healing mechanisms, such as microcapsules or hollow-fibers, filled with an asphalt rejuvenator present an emerging technology that would enhance an asphalt mixture’s resistance to cracking damage caused by vehicular and environmental loading. The objectives of this study were to: (a) Evaluate the effects of asphalt rejuvenators on hot-mix asphalt mixtures in order to test its effects on the fundamental engineering properties of the mixtures at high and intermediate temperatures; (b) Develop a synthesis procedure for production of microcapsules and hollow-fibers containing an asphalt rejuvenator; (c) Evaluate the self-healing efficiency of double-walled microcapsules and hollow-fibers filled with an asphalt rejuvenator, through crack healing and stiffness recovery of damaged mixture specimens under two different curing conditions. The core material for the self-healing mechanisms was selected by evaluating four different asphalt rejuvenator products through a set of laboratory tests to characterize the performance of asphalt mixtures against permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. Afterwards, the evaluated self-healing mechanisms were produced by modifying chemical synthesis procedures to develop double-walled microcapsules and hollow-fibers containing the selected rejuvenator product as core material. Furthermore, a self-healing experiment was designed to evaluate the rejuvenating and healing properties of the developed self-healing mechanisms. The evaluation of HMA mixtures containing recycled materials showed that the rutting and cracking susceptibility increased with the addition of the evaluated asphalt rejuvenators. The activation of more binder from the recycled materials with the addition of asphalt rejuvenators was observed in the GPC test results as an increased in the asphaltenes-to-maltenes ratio was observed. The evaluation of self-healing microcapsules showed that the mixtures containing the produced microcapsules had a lower healing efficiency at both environmental curing conditions compared to the mixture with Rejuvn8. Also, an opposite relationship between healing recovery and stiffness recovery was observed as the mixture containing microcapsules had a better stiffness recovery at both environmental curing conditions as the mixture with Rejuvn8. The self-healing experiment conducted to evaluate the strength recovery of the produced fibers showed an enhancement at both room and high-temperature of mixtures prepared with unmodified binder containing recycled materials with the addition of fibers