OPTIMISME MEMENANGKAN PERTANDINGAN PADA ATLET SEPAKBOLA PPLPD ACEH DAN SSB PUTRA SEULAWAH SOCCER SCHOOL

Optimisme merupakan suatu sikap untuk berpikir dan mengharapkan hasil yang positif terhadap setiap situasi yang akan dihadapi di dalam hidup. Atlet sepakbola memiliki tuntutan untuk menang saat bertanding, oleh karena itu diharapkan atlet memiliki sikap optimis dalam menghadapi setiap pertandingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan optimisme memenangkan pertandingan pada atlet sepakbola PPLPD Aceh dan SSB Putra Seulawah Soccer School. Sampel penelitian adalah atlet sepakbola yang usianya berkisar antara 15-18 tahun dan tergabung di dalam tim sepakbola PPLPD Aceh dan SSB Putra Seulawah Soccer School. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Skala Optimisme Memenangkan Pertandingan yang mengacu pada teori Seligman, menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Hasil analisis data menggunakan teknik parametrik, Independent Samples t-test dan diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,22 (p> 0,05). Hal ini berarti bahwa tidak ada perbedaan optimisme memenangkan pertandingan antara atlet sepakbola PPLPD Aceh dan SSB Putra Seulawah Soccer School. Pada 30 atlet sepakbola PPLPD Aceh terdapat 23 atlet (76,66%) berada pada kategori optimisme tinggi, sedangkan pada 30 atlet sepakbola SSB Putra Seulawah Soccer School terdapat 19 atlet (63,33%) berada pada optimisme tinggi.Kata kunci : optimisme, atlet, sepakbola, PPLPD, SS

Implementation of Weighted Centroid Neural Network for Edge Preserving Image Compression

Image compression is a type of data compression applied to images. The objective of image compression is to reduce the cost for storage or transmission. Image compression is associated with removing redundant information of image data. Image storage is required for several purposes like document, medical images, etc. In this paper, an edge preserving image compression algorithm based on an unsupervised competitive neural network called weighted centroid neural network (WCNN), is implemented and compared to the other algorithms. The WCNN algorithm allots more representative vectors from the edges of the image than the interior of the image thus helping in better edge preservation of the reconstructed image. After experimenting with the cluster count it is evident that with the increase in the number of cluster the quality of the picture is improved, which is the expected behavior as more clusters leads to more representational vectors

New records of an alien aphid species Tinocallis (Sappocallis) takachihoensis from countries in central and northern Europe (hemiptera, aphididae, calaphidinae)

The aphid genus Tinocallis Matsumura, 1919 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Calaphidinae) in central and northern Europe is reviewed; it includes four species. The first records of the Asian elm aphid Tinocallis takachihoensis Higuchi, 1972 are reported from the Czech Republic, Denmark, and Poland. The record in Denmark is the first in Scandinavia. Alate viviparous females and nymphs of T. takachihoensis were collected from Ulmus glabra '‘Pendula’' (the Czech Republic and Poland) and from U. minor (Denmark) in 2017. Tinocallis takachihoensis is the fourth Tinocallis species to be recorded from Poland and together with two other species from the subgenus Sappocallis, T. nevskyi and T. saltans, is a species of alien origin. The alate viviparous females are reviewed and re-described and their affinities and distribution in central and northern Europe are discussed. A key to the European species of Tinocallis based on the characters of live and slide-mounted specimens is also given

Are the motives for food choices different in orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia?

Recent research points to the bidimensional nature of orthorexia, with one dimension related to interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia) and another dimension related to a pathological preoccupation with eating healthily (orthorexia nervosa). Research was needed to provide further support for this differentiation. We examined the food-choice motives related to both aspects of orthorexia. Participants were 460 students from a Spanish university who completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Food Choice Questionnaire. By means of structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationship between orthorexia, food-choice motives, gender, body mass index, and age. The motives predicting food choices in orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia were quite different. In the case of orthorexia nervosa, the main motive was weight control, with sensorial appeal and affect regulation also showing significant associations. For healthy orthorexia, the main motive was health content, with sensorial appeal and price also showing significant associations. This supports the hypothesis that orthorexia nervosa is associated with maladaptive eating behavior motived more by weight control than by health concerns

Description of the oviparous female and new information on the biology of the rare aphid Stomaphis radicicola Hille Ris Lambers 1947 (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)

Information is provided concerning the discovery of the rare aphid species Stomaphis radicicola H. R. Lambers in Slovakia. The first description of the oviparous morph is given and its morphological resemblance to S. bratislavensis Czylok et Blackman is discussed. Supplementary data concerning the molecular identity and biology of S. radicicola is presented

Impact of warm weather events on prolongation of the life cycle of Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Lachninae)

Termination of the life cycle of sexually reproducing aphids usually takes place in autumn, during October and November, in the climatic conditions of Central Europe. However, episodes of warm weather are suspected to trigger prolongation of the life cycle. Observations of Stomaphis spp. in early winter of 2013/2014 in southern Poland support this thesis. Surprisingly, adult females of two species were collected as late as early January and early March. High daily temperatures during this period were the probable cause of aphid survival, despite frosty nights. The possibility of the influence of warm weather episodes (higher temperature) on prolongation of the life cycle in aphids, or such episodes causing permanent parthenogenesis, is discussed

Najbrzydsze zwierzęta świata

In recent years there appeared a lot of various web contests aiming to indicate the ugliest animal in the world. Giving us a thrill of seeing oddly looking animals, they also contribute to widening every man’s knowledge about biological diversity, as many of the animal mentioned in these contests are highly endangered. A short essay presents the biological profiles of a few animal species which most often appear in such contests. Author makes an attempt to explain the strange look of those creatures by means of evolutionary adaptation to living in various, sometimes extreme environments. Simultaneously, he seeks for the answer on the origin of our fear or disgust felt at the sight of those strangely looking animals. An interesting journey through anatomical or physiological extrema leads to various interesting observations, for example: we fear what looks human-like, but in distantly related sort of animal. For example: who would expect human looking teeth in a squid

Pronuclear scoring as a predictor of embryo quality in in vitro fertilization program.

Many strategies have been proposed for the selection of viable embryos for transfer in human assisted reproduction. These have included morphological scoring criteria for 20, 28, 44 and 68 h after insemination. The embryo selection is based on morphology, degree of fragmentation and development to the 8-cell. All have shown some correlation with implantation. However, the overall success of these methods is still limited, with over 50% of all transferred embryos failing to implant. Pronuclear zygote morphology has gained much attention recently due to its positive value in predicting implantation and pregnancy. This prospective study involved 178 conventional IVF patients only. The key aspects of pronuclear scoring and namely the presence of a cytoplasmic halo were related to day 3 of development and morphology in a retrospective study. The Z-score and the presence/absence of a halo had significant effect on the rate of development on day 3 embryo. Low Z-score result in slow development and poor morphology. The absence of a halo also resulted in slow and poor development, low morphology, increased fragmentation

Morphological and histological study of the forewing of Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus 1758) (Sternorrhyncha, Hemiptera) with a comparative analysis of forewings among Sternorrhyncha infraorders

Identification of whiteflies is based mainly on larval stages and generally very little is known about wings of these insects. Therefore, both sides of the forewings of Aleyrodes proletella were studied using histological methods, light and scanning electron microscopes. Studies confirm the occurrence of only three veins on forewings: the costal, radial and anal ones; only the anal vein lies under the anal fold. A campaniform and trichoid sensilla are present. The shape of wax secretions and wing margins is described. The comparative analysis of forewing structures contains new data for all Sternorrhyncha infraorders. The current results confirm the monophyly of the group, but place aphids closer to psyllids. The analysis of forewing base indicates that its general model is similar among Sternorrhyncha, but there occur some intergroup differences. Ways of wing folding depend on the structure of thorax

Four aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) new to Poland from the Tatra National Park

The paper presents four aphid species new to the Polish fauna, collected from the Tatra National Park: Eulachnus nigricola (PAŃEK, 1953) (Lachninae); Brachycaudus (Thuleaphis) sedi (JACOB, 1964), Hyadaphis bicincta BÖRNER, 1942, Macrosiphum atragenae HOLMAN, 1980 (Aphidinae). Data on their distribution in Europe, collection localities and biology are presented together with the diagnostic features permitting their identification