Estado de salud de los enfermeros en actividad de los hospitales de alta complejidad de Mendoza

La enfermería es una profesión de alta complejidad que enfoca su acción en la atención del individuo enfermo, en el que actúa para reconocer su necesidad y satisfacer con la máxima calidad posible. El personal de enfermería desempeña su actividad laboral en ambientes de instituciones de atención preventiva, curativa, de rehabilitación y promoción de la salud. Debe haber un equilibrio entre las tareas desarrolladas por el profesional en cuanto al cuidado del paciente y las medidas de autocuidado que el mismo debe tomar para cuidar su propia salud. Cabe aclarar que no son solo medidas tomadas por los enfermeros, sino que las instituciones donde desarrollan sus labores deben ser responsables de proveerles condiciones de higiene, seguridad y medio ambiente del trabajo adecuado. Las condiciones de trabajo en los hospitales públicos son precarias y trascienden en un malestar de enfermería que presenta la dificultad de soportar una carga de trabajo frecuentemente sobrecargado repercutiendo así en los estilos saludables del personal. Se puede mencionar la inactividad física, el cansancio permanente por el exceso de trabajo, alimentación no saludable, escasas horas de sueño y descanso, escasos controles médicos, restricciones por bajos salarios. Esta sobrecarga de trabajo afecta la salud de los trabajadores y los resultados sobre la eficiencia productiva, de los cuales se pueden mencionar: accidentes de trabajo, enfermedades profesionales y enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo. Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre los estilos inadecuados y el deterioro físico del personal de enfermería del Clínica Médica de los Hospitales Humberto Notti, Hospital Central y Luis Lagomaggiore en 2016 y determinar factores de riesgo más relevantes que puedan potenciar el desarrollo de enfermedades. Es un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo trasversal, con una muestra de 59 enfermeros de los Servicios de Clínica Médica de los Hospitales de Alta Complejidad de Mendoza.Fil: Flores, Luisa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Chávez, Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Vargas, Deolinda. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería.

Geochemistry of Precambrian black shales from Ossa‑Morena Zone (Portugal): depositional environment and possible source of metals

The paleodepositional environments related to Ediacaran black shales from the Série Negra succession in Ossa-Morena tectonostratigraphic zone were investigated using their geochemical composition to identify the sedimentary sources and depositional conditions. Their potential for assisting the genesis of metal deposits was also discussed. The sedimentary sources of the black shales are related to the break up of a Cadomian magmatic-arc developed in the North Gondwana realm, where the Ossa-Morena Zone was located during late Ediacaran times, showing acidic to mixed signatures. Some ratios were calculated based on redox sensitive elements, indicating both anoxic and oxic paleoenvironmental conditions. The anoxic conditions were predominant and they were identified on samples with higher organic carbon content, emphasizing that the redox conditions favored organic matter preservation and the accumulation of selected metals. Considering the mode of occurrence, the elements Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Se are assumed to be preferentially associated with sulfides, whereas Mo and U are preferentially organically bound. The results reveal that the black shales from the Série Negra succession in Ossa-Morena Zone might represent a source of metals, which were probably remobilized during Variscan events

ORGANIC PETROLOGY OF BLACK SHALES ASSOCIATED WITH Cu MINERALIZATIONS IN OSSA MORENA ZONE, SOUTH PORTUGAL; THE REGIONAL BACKGROUND

Black shales (BS) are dark colored mudrocks with variable amounts of organic matter (OM), which accumulate together with silt- to clay-size particles in environments with reducing conditions. The OM present in rocks may have an active role in mineral diagenesis and in mobilization, transport, concentration, reduction, preservation and deposition of metals. The main goal of this work is to characterize the OM present in BS from three different areas that are spatially associated with Cu mineralization in the Ossa Morena Zone (Iberian Variscides), in order to characterize the regional background related with maturation of organic particles during the Variscan orogeny. The BS samples were collected in Alandroal (near the Mociços and Ferrarias occurrences) and Barrancos (near the Minancos ancient mine) districts, which belong to the Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic belt. These three occurrences correspond to Cu mineralized veins, which result from hydrothermal fluids circulation during late Variscan times. The mineralized veins contain quartz, carbonates and sulfides, and cross-cut Paleozoic metasedimentary sequences, namely the Ordovician-Devonian succession. In these occurrences, supergenic enrichments are common. A total of ten samples of BS were collected in outcrops of Silurian BS from “Xistos com Nódulos” Formation in both districts, all of them near the previous mentioned occurrences, although not or slightly affected by the main mineralized structure. The petrographic analyses to identify and characterize the OM were performed on whole-rock polished blocks prepared under standard procedures. The random reflectance, an indicator of thermal maturation that can be useful to establish the paragenetic sequences of ore deposits, was also measured according to standard procedures. The petrographic observations allowed the identification of vitrinite-like OM particles in all samples. The organic particles are generally thin and elongated, occurring, essentially, interbedded along mineral matter. The inorganic matter is mainly composed by clays and silicate minerals. The presence of iron oxides and carbonates was also identified occurring in association with OM. The mean random reflectance of vitrinite-like particles from Alandroal varies between 2.93% and 3.86% and between 3.34% and 3.38%, respectively near the Mociços and Ferrarias occurrences, and between 2.05% and 5.05% in Barrancos. The petrographic observations revealed some organic particles exhibiting single flakes graphitic features. In addition, some organic particles observed mainly in Barrancos, appear to be remains of zooclasts, such as graptolites. The occurrence of graptolites in the Silurian “Xistos com Nódulos” Formation is described in the literature. These reflectance values should be representative of the regional background related with the regional metamorphic events. However, previous studies about other Cu mineralization in Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic zone indicated that higher reflectance values are obtained closer to the mineralized veins, as a result of thermal processes associated with the genesis of the mineralization and circulation of hydrothermal fluids

Petrographic and geochemical characterization of coal from Santa Susana Basin, Portugal

The current and future importance of coal as a geological resource is related with the production of coke, carbon materials, carbon derivatives and other chemical products as well as a promising alternative source of critical trace elements. This study aims the comprehensive characterization of coals from the Santa Susana Basin (SSB), SW of Portugal. The SSB is a Pennsylvanian continental basin located along the Santa Susana Shear Zone that separates two tectonostratigraphic zones of Iberian Massif. Samples of coal and coaly silt-claystone from the main outcrops, Jongeis and Vale de Figueira, were collected for this study. The methodologies used for the petrographic and geochemical characterization included: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, proximate and elemental analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results demonstrate that the organic matter of coal from SSB is essentially composed of vitrinite and small amounts of inertinite. The mineral matter includes detrital minerals (mainly quartz and clay minerals), iron oxides and oxidized and non-oxidized framboidal pyrite. Epigenetic carbonates (dolomite and ankerite) were only observed in samples from Jongeis outcrop. Vitrinite random reflectance of the samples ranges between 0.90% and 1.25%, indicating a bituminous coal rank. The slightly higher vitrinite reflectance and the occurrence of epigenetic carbonates in samples from Jongeis can be related with differentiated burial history of the basin and post-depositional processes including fluids circulation that may have promoted the enhancement of the thermal maturity. When compared with the geochemical composition of worldwide hard coals, samples from Vale de Figueira are significantly enriched in Cs and In, while samples from Jongeis are significantly enriched in In and Mn. Considering the elements' mode of occurrence, the majority of elements are preferentially associated with mineral matter. The elements S, Cd, Mo, Pb and Se have organic affinity. The strong positive correlation between Ca and Mg, Mn and Te indicates their association with carbonate phases, which is in accordance with the carbonate composition

Silurian black shales from Sousel-Barrancos Metallogenic Belt (Ossa-Morena Zone, Portugal): Characterization and interplay to Cu deposits

Black shales are commonly spatially associated with metal-rich deposits, wherein organic matter in these rocks may condition or influence the processes related with the concentration of metals and formation of ore deposits. In the Ossa-Morena Zone (South of Portugal), namely in the Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic belt, several Cu mineralized veins occurs, being generally hosted in Silurian metasedimentary units mainly composed of black and grey shales, with interbedded lyddites and black quartzites. This research aims to contribute to the study of the association between those Silurian black shales and the Cu ore deposition in the Sousel-Barrancos metallogenic belt. The petrographic, geochemical and mineralogical analysis of black shales was performed to characterize the organic and inorganic fractions, to investigate elements concentration and its mode of occurrence. The data allow to identify the spatial pattern of thermal maturation of these black shales related to the variability of metamorphic processes, and the studied samples collected in drill cores from Miguel Vacas deposit also allow to identify an irregular pattern of maturation associated to the pathway of hydrothermal fluids. A significant Cu enrichment in black shales in the supergene enrichment domains were identified and data seems to indicate that Cu concentration is not directly related with organic carbon content, probably indicating a distinct source for Cu content. The mobilization of hydrothermal fluids, possibly of magmatic source, contributed to the discrepant maturation of organic matter in black shales

Interlaboratory comparisons of petrography of liquefaction residues from three Argonne Premium coals

Three Argonne Premium coal samples, the Beulah-Zap lignite (North Dakota), the high volatile A bituminous Stockton (West Virginia), and the low volatile Pocahontas No. 3 (Virginia), were ground to three initial sizes: -20 mesh, -100 mesh, and "micronized". The samples were each subjected to liquefaction at 673 K for 30 min at a 2:1 tetralin :coal ratio and in an H 2 atmosphere at 13.79 MPa (~ 2000 psi). Polished pellets of the unconverted residues were circulated to three laboratories for a study designed to determine, albeit on a limited scale, the interlaboratory consistency in constituent identification and the problem areas in maceral/neo-maceral/mineral recognition. Within broad categories, the agreement for the Beulah-Zap and Pocahontas No. 3 residues is good. The high volatile A bituminous Stockton coal was the most plastic and most altered, resulting in a residue lending itself to more subjective interpretations. The biggest discrepancy between the laboratories is in the distinction of granular residue and mineral matter and in the transitions between "partially reacted macerals" and "vitroplast" and between "vitroplast" and "granular residue". The initial size of the feed coal appears to influence the recognition of material in the residue

Interlaboratory comparisons of petrography of liquefaction residues from three Argonne Premium coals

Three Argonne Premium coal samples, the Beulah-Zap lignite (North Dakota), the high volatile A bituminous Stockton (West Virginia), and the low volatile Pocahontas No. 3 (Virginia), were ground to three initial sizes: -20 mesh, -100 mesh, and "micronized". The samples were each subjected to liquefaction at 673 K for 30 min at a 2:1 tetralin :coal ratio and in an H 2 atmosphere at 13.79 MPa (~ 2000 psi). Polished pellets of the unconverted residues were circulated to three laboratories for a study designed to determine, albeit on a limited scale, the interlaboratory consistency in constituent identification and the problem areas in maceral/neo-maceral/mineral recognition. Within broad categories, the agreement for the Beulah-Zap and Pocahontas No. 3 residues is good. The high volatile A bituminous Stockton coal was the most plastic and most altered, resulting in a residue lending itself to more subjective interpretations. The biggest discrepancy between the laboratories is in the distinction of granular residue and mineral matter and in the transitions between "partially reacted macerals" and "vitroplast" and between "vitroplast" and "granular residue". The initial size of the feed coal appears to influence the recognition of material in the residue

Caraterização geoquímica da matéria orgânica de xistos negros associados a mineralização de Cu na Zona Ossa Morena

A ocorrência de xistos negros (XN) está muitas vezes associada a depósitos metálicos com importância económica, nos quais a matéria orgânica (MO) poderá ter desempenhado um papel preponderante nos processos associados à concentração de metais. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é a caracterização geoquímica da fração orgânica de XN associados à mineralização de Cu identificada na antiga Mina de Miguel Vacas (Zona Ossa Morena), contribuindo assim para a compreensão da relação entre a MO e os processos mineralizantes. As metodologias utilizadas incluiram a determinação do carbono orgânico total (COT) e do enxofre total (St) e a análise por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento de alta resolução com microanálise por Raios X (MEV-EDX). Os resultados mostram que os valores de COT que variam entre 3,96 % e 12,57 %. O St presente na MO varia entre 0.01 % a 3.89 %, sendo que os valores mais baixos de St surgem associados aos níveis proximais à mineralização principal. A análise através de MEV-EDX permitu a identificação de aluminossilicatos, sulfuretos (pirite e calcopirite) e fosfatos de cálcio. A maturação da MO resulta da percolação de fluidos hidrotermais associados à instalação da mineralização

Assessment of ecotoxicological effects of Fojo coal mine waste elutriate in aquatic species (Douro Coalfield, North Portugal)

Introduction: The exploitation of anthracite A in the Pejão mining complex (Douro Coalfield, North Portugal) resulted in the formation of several coal waste piles without proper environmental control. In 2017, a new pedological zonation emerged in the Fojo area, after the ignition and self-burning of some of the coal waste piles, namely: unburned coal waste (UW); burned coal waste, and a cover layer (BW and CL, respectively); uphill soil (US); mixed burned coal waste (MBW); downhill soil (DS). This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of 25 soil elutriates from different pedological materials.Methods:Allivibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay, Lemna minor growth inhibition assay, and Daphnia magna acute assay were used to assess the toxicity effects. Additionally, total chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) activity were also evaluated in L. minor.Results and Discussion: The results obtained from each endpoint demonstrated the extremely heterogeneous nature of soil properties, and the species showed different sensibilities to soil elutriates, however, in general, the species showed the same sensitivity trend (A. fischeri > L. minor > D. magna). The potentially toxic elements (PTE) present in the soil elutriates (e.g., Al, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn) affected significantly the species understudy. All elutriates revealed toxicity for A. fischeri, while US1 and UW5 were the most toxic for L. minor (growth inhibition and significant alterations in CAT activity) and D. magna (100% mortality). This study highlights the importance of studying soil aqueous phase toxicity since the mobilization and percolation of bioavailable PTE can cause environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems and biota