Growth and conservation of Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) in the Province of Pastaza - Ecuador

Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) is a species native to the Amazon of South America, with predominance in the secondary forest. include Pigue as a forest species that contributes to the economic and social development of the Amazon it is essential to develop the modeling of its growth for the conservation of the species. This study was conducted in an area of 2 ha of a farm located in the canton of Mera, and the information of 100 random samples of trees in various growth stages was collected. The initial growth phase was considered up to 16 months with respect to diameter and height; the diameter greater 2.9, cm and smaller 0.71 cm, with a coefficient of variation of 0.33 and a kurtosis of 1.86, of the plants. In geomorphological conditions typical of the area and with respect to the height it has a value greater value of 2.59 m and a minimum value of 0.86 m. The average growth curves describe a polynomial of degree two, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.997 for diameter and (R2) between 0.993 for height of growth velocity with non-linear behavior, mathematical models and their projection of the diameter of growth of the tree at 6 years with diameter of 19.74 cm and height 25.32 m, and with weight of 542.88 kg, of biomass, this shows that the conservation of the species in the province of Pastaza, front to the exploitation of the annual production of 32,181,341.47 million metric tons and being acceptable in relation to other pioneer species for the economic development of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Determinación del potencial energético del pigüe (Piptocoma Discolor) en la amazonía ecuatoriana.

Se utilizaron tres métodos para conocer el valor real del poder calórico, considerando los márgenes de errores que se cometen al momento de calcularlo, ya sea mediante el método de análisis bromatológico, o proximal. Para el análisis bromatológico, y como patrón la bomba calorimétrica, con resultados del 19,66% de error, con un margen de confiabilidad del 80,34%.  Por ello fue importante aplicar los tres métodos y corregir los errores mediante modelos matemáticos.  Se tomó en cuenta el análisis de la fibra para reajustar la fórmula calorimétrica y la constante para lograr valores confiables del 98,7% y con un margen de error del 1,3%.  Según la teoría de los errores reales, en relación a los datos obtenidos del calorímetro fue de 19,07 (MJ/kg) como potencial energético del Pigüe, el otro método fue el análisis proximal, obteniendo un margen de error superior de 5,19% y con una confiabilidad del 94,81%. Mediante modelación matemática planteado para carbonos fijos y volátiles, donde fue modificada la constante y ajustada a través de la fórmula de integrales, se obtuvieron resultados confiables del 99,9% para el poder calorífico en biomasas maderables con fines energéticos para el Pigüe (Pollalesta discolor) en la región Amazónica del Ecuador

Analysis of labour market needs for engineers with enhanced knowledge in renewable energy in some European and Latin-American Countries

One of the main challenges related to the renewable energy labour market is that of human capital and as a consequence the educational profile of future employees is of paramount importance. Unfortunately, the skill level gained at University does not always fit with the practical needs of industry thus reducing the benefit-cost ratio of new employees and slowing down the transition to a green economy. Within this context, ‘The Crux’ project co-funded by EU under the framework of the Erasmus + programme aims at improving the renewable energy engineering curriculum at different university levels in several Universities of Latin America and Europe. In order to better appreciate the potential impact of the project, a survey on the labour market need for specialists with enhanced knowledge and skills in renewable and sustainable energy technologies has been conducted in the related EU and Latin America countries. More precisely, 60 organizations have been interviewed and almost 70% of them are interested in employing engineers with enhanced knowledge on renewable energy in the next three years. The analysis has shown significant discrepancies between EU and Latin American organizations. In fact, while future employees in EU countries will be mainly related to solar energy and management, the former together with wind and biomass will represent the main renewable energy working sector in Latin American countries. Moreover, MSc level will be the most demanded in EU while bachelor education seems to satisfy the future industry requirements in Latin America. Despite each country having its own needs, the research carried out under this EU project confirms the potential of renewable energy education on the global labour market in the near future

Crecimiento y conservación del Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) en la Provincia de Pastaza – Ecuador

Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) is a species native to the Amazon of South America, with predominance in the secondary forest. include Pigue as a forest species that contributes to the economic and social development of the Amazon it is essential to develop the modeling of its growth for the conservation of the species. This study was conducted in an area of 2 ha of a farm located in the canton of Mera, and the information of 100 random samples of trees in various growth stages was collected. The initial growth phase was considered up to 16 months with respect to diameter and height; the diameter greater 2.9, cm and smaller 0.71 cm, with a coefficient of variation of 0.33 and a kurtosis of 1.86, of the plants. In geomorphological conditions typical of the area and with respect to the height it has a value greater value of 2.59 m and a minimum value of 0.86 m. The average growth curves describe a polynomial of degree two, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.997 for diameter and (R2) between 0.993 for height of growth velocity with non-linear behavior, mathematical models and their projection of the diameter of growth of the tree at 6 years with diameter of 19.74 cm and height 25.32 m, and with weight of 542.88 kg, of biomass, this shows that the conservation of the species in the province of Pastaza, front to the exploitation of the annual production of 32,181,341.47 million metric tons and being acceptable in relation to other pioneer species for the economic development of the Ecuadorian Amazon.Piptocoma discolor (Pigüe) es una especie nativa de la Amazonía de América del Sur, con predominancia en el bosque secundario. El objetivo de esta investigación fue modelar el crecimiento de esta especie para incluirla como especie forestal para que contribuya al desarrollo económico y social de la Amazonía. Este estudio se realizó en un área de 2 ha., de una finca ubicada en el cantón Mera;  se recopiló la información de 100 muestras, al azar, de árboles en diversos estados de crecimiento. Se consideró la fase crecimiento inicial hasta los 16 meses con respecto al diámetro y altura; el diámetro mayor 2,9, cm. y menor 0,71 cm., con un coeficiente de variación de 0,33 y una curtosis de 1,86, de las plantas. En condiciones geomorfológicas propias de la zona y con respecto a la altura, presenta un  valor de 2,59 m. y mínimo de 0,86 m. Las curvas de crecimiento promedio describen una polinómica de grado dos, con un coeficiente de determinacion (R2) de 0,997 para diametro y (R2) entre 0,993 para altura de la velocidad de crecimiento con un comportamiento no lineal; los modelos matemáticos y su proyección del diámetro de crecimiento del árbol a los 6 años con diámetro de 19,74 cm, y altura 25,32 m.,  con peso de 542,88 kg. de biomasa demuestran que la conservación de la especie en la provincia de Pastaza, frente al aprovechamiento de la producción anual de 32.181.341,47 millones de toneladas métricas es aceptable en relación con otras especies pioneras para el desarrollo económico de la Amazonía ecuatoriana

Análisis sistémico de la selección de instalaciones de energías renovables en territorios aislados

The work presents research results obtained by the authors in the solution of optimal selection of renewable energy equipment task to meet the needs of a territory and each one of its parts from the offers available in the market and of the availability of energy resources in the territory. It is carried out a study of the existent research works, linked to the selection of energy installations, starting from those the antecedents settle down. A systemic analysis of the task is made, the conceptual mathematical model for the task, it complexity and the decomposition outline were determined for conditions close to the those that are present in the municipality of Ganda, Benguela province, Angola, taken as Study CaseEn el trabajo se presentan resultados investigativos obtenidos por los autores en la solución de la tarea de selección óptima del equipamiento en medios de energía renovable para satisfacer las necesidades de un territorio y de cada una de sus partes a partir de las ofertas disponibles en el mercado y de las disponibilidades de recursos energéticos en el territorio. Se realiza un estudio de los trabajos de investigación existentes, vinculados a la selección de instalaciones energéticas, a partir de los que se establecen los antecedentes, se hace un análisis sistémico de la tarea de selección de instalaciones energéticas, se determina el modelo matemático conceptual para la tarea, su complejidad y el esquema de su descomposición para las condiciones próximas a las del territorio del municipio Ganda, Benguela, Angola, tomado como caso de estudio del presente trabaj

Evaluación físico-mecánicas de tableros a base del Aserrín de Pigüe (Piptocoma discolor) y bagazo de caña de azúcar en Pastaza

ResumenEn este estudio se presenta la evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de tableros a base de las fibras vegetales aserrín de Pigüe (Piptocoma discolor) y bagazo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) fabricados como aglomerados tipo MDF, con dos tipos de adhesivo, blancola y engrudo. Se realizóun diseño completamente al azar, con seis tratamientos y cinco repeticiones en un total de 30 unidades experimentales. Los resultados demostraron que el mejor tratamiento fue AE2 (50% aserrín, 50% bagazo de caña y engrudo) con un contenido de humedad de 9,36%, hinchazón 15,17%, absorción de humedad22,34%, esfuerzo máximo de tensión 9,7 MPa, módulo de elasticidad 19,2 MPa y carga máxima 1836 N, que cumple los estándares establecido en las Normas Internacionales UNE-EN 322:1994, UNE-EN 317:1994, COVENIN 847-91 y ASTM D 1037-1 2. SummaryThis study presents the evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties of vegetable fibers, which allows the use of Pigüecomer (Piptocoma discolor) sawdust and sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) for the manufacture of agglomerated MDF boards, using two types of adhesive, white and paste. A completely randomized design was carried out, with six treatments and five repetitions in a total of 30 experimental units. The results showed that the best treatment was AE2 (50% sawdust, 50% cane bagasse and paste) with a moisture content of 9.36%, swelling 15.17%, moisture absorption 22.34%, maximum effort of tension 9.7 MPa, modulus of elasticity 19.2 MPa and maximum load 1836 N, which meets the standards established in the International Standards UNE-EN 322: 1994, UNE-EN 317: 1994, COVENIN 847-91 and ASTM D 1037 -1 2

Bioavailability and dosing strategies of mineral in anaerobic mono‐digestion of maize straw

The influence of the bonding form distribution of Fe, Ni, Co and Mn and their potential bioavailability during the anaerobic degradation of maize straw was investigated. Two reactors were operated over 117 days at 37°C and different dosage strategies of mineral were studied in reactor (R2). Control reactor (R1) was metal‐limited over time. mineral supplementation (1 g L−1) once a week reported the highest methane yield (257 mL g−1 VS) with 30% of increment. Ni and Co predominated in their oxidizable bonding forms and Fe mainly existed as residual and oxidizable fractions. The potential bioavailability (Mn ˃˃ Co ≈ Ni ˃ Fe) of R2 was higher comparing to R1. Metal deprivation in R1 led to depletion of both sequential extraction fractions and total metal concentrations until the end of the process. This study confirmed that the dosage strategy of mineral has a stimulatory effect on methane production from crop maize waste.18856256