Análise quantitativa dos tecidos gengivais de ratos tratados com fenitoína e ciclosporina

Os aumentos gengivais podem ser decorrentes de reações teciduais a estímulos idiopáticos, patológicos e farmacológicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente e estereologicamente a ação da fenitoína (Fen) e ciclosporina (CsA) sobre os tecidos gengivais de ratos. Dez ratos receberam, por via intraperitonial, Fen na dose inicial de 2 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia, aumentando 2 mg a cada duas semanas, durante 60 dias. Em outros 10 ratos, administraram-se, por via subcutânea, 10mg/kg de peso corporal/dia de CsA, durante o mesmo período do grupo anterior. Os valores morfométricos e estereométricos dos tecidos gengivais dos ratos tratados com CsA foram significativamente maiores quando comparado com os valores dos tecidos gengivais do grupo tratado com Fen. Esses resultados sugerem que a CsA na dose utilizada é mais eficaz no desenvolvimento do aumento gengival em ratos, podendo estar atuando na proliferação de fibroblastos e no desequilíbrio fisiológico da síntese de fibras colágenas.Reactions to a number of idiopathic, pathological and pharmacological stimuli may result in overgrowth of gingiva, whose mechanisms have not been established yet. The aim of the present work was to evaluate morphometrically and stereologically the effect of phenytoin (PHT) and cyclosporine (Cs) on the gingival tissues of rats. Ten rats received daily IP injection of PHT, 2 mg/kg of body weight/day, which was increased in 2 mg at each two weeks, during 60 days. Ten rats received 10 mg/kg of body weight/day of Cs, subcutaneously, during the same period of the previous group. All rats treated with Cs developed gingival overgrowth, with increased thickness of the epithelium, height and wideness of connective tissues, as well as, increased density of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, when compared with the rats treated with PHT and with the control. These results suggest that Cs, in the used dose, is more efficient in the development of gingival overgrowth in rats. Cs-induced gingival overgrowth is a tissue with an altered composition, characterized by increasing of the density of fibroblasts and by physiologic unbalance of collagen synthesis

Dental caries status in deciduous and permanent dentition of Brazilian children aged 6-8 years with a socioeconomic base

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Proposta de acompanhamento tutorial : um projecto de acção em contexto escolar

No presente estudo, analisam-se os principais problemas diagnosticados num Agrupamento de Escolas, identificando as principais necessidades, fragilidades, assim como os recursos vigentes no mesmo. Nesse sequência é apresentada uma Proposta de Acompanhamento Tutorial de forma a dotar o Agrupamento de meios que possam servir as exigências, colocadas no âmbito do domínio da acção socioeducativa. A proposta de acompanhamento tutorial que se apresenta, assenta neste propósito, enquadrando e reflectindo o papel fundamental de uma equipa multidisciplinar permanente, constituída pelos seguintes técnicos: Psicólogo, Professor Tutor e Director de Turma, que em conjunto elaboram um Plano Individual de Acompanhamento Tutorial (PIAT). No PIAT são mencionadas as áreas onde o aluno requer um acompanhamento técnico e definidas as estratégias a serem desenvolvidas por cada ano lectivo, durante todo o seu percurso escolar. Após a definição dos possíveis técnicos a intervir e recursos necessários, para a sua implementação, é definida nomeadamente a duração da mesma e a articulação com a família e redes sociais envolventes.In this study, we analyze the main problems diagnosed in a Group of Schools, identifying key needs, weaknesses, and resources existing in it. Following this is a Proposal Monitoring Tutorial in order to provide the grouping of resources which can serve the demands placed within the field of socio-educational action. The proposed follow tutorial that shows, based on this point, framing and reflecting the fundamental role of a permanent multi-disciplinary team, consisting of the following technicians: Psychologist, Teacher and Director of Tutor Team, which together draw up an Individual Plan Monitoring Tutorial (PIAT). PIAT are mentioned in the areas where the student requires a technical monitoring and defined strategies to be developed for each academic year throughout their school careers. After defining the technical potential to intervene and resources necessary for its implementation, is defined including its duration and interaction with the surrounding family and social networks

Análise quantitativa dos tecidos gengivais de ratos tratados com fenitoína e ciclosporina

Os aumentos gengivais podem ser decorrentes de reações teciduais a estímulos idiopáticos, patológicos e farmacológicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente e estereologicamente a ação da fenitoína (Fen) e ciclosporina (CsA) sobre os tecidos gengivais de ratos. Dez ratos receberam, por via intraperitonial, Fen na dose inicial de 2 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia, aumentando 2 mg a cada duas semanas, durante 60 dias. em outros 10 ratos, administraram-se, por via subcutânea, 10mg/kg de peso corporal/dia de CsA, durante o mesmo período do grupo anterior. Os valores morfométricos e estereométricos dos tecidos gengivais dos ratos tratados com CsA foram significativamente maiores quando comparado com os valores dos tecidos gengivais do grupo tratado com Fen. Esses resultados sugerem que a CsA na dose utilizada é mais eficaz no desenvolvimento do aumento gengival em ratos, podendo estar atuando na proliferação de fibroblastos e no desequilíbrio fisiológico da síntese de fibras colágenas.Reactions to a number of idiopathic, pathological and pharmacological stimuli may result in overgrowth of gingiva, whose mechanisms have not been established yet. The aim of the present work was to evaluate morphometrically and stereologically the effect of phenytoin (PHT) and cyclosporine (Cs) on the gingival tissues of rats. Ten rats received daily IP injection of PHT, 2 mg/kg of body weight/day, which was increased in 2 mg at each two weeks, during 60 days. Ten rats received 10 mg/kg of body weight/day of Cs, subcutaneously, during the same period of the previous group. All rats treated with Cs developed gingival overgrowth, with increased thickness of the epithelium, height and wideness of connective tissues, as well as, increased density of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, when compared with the rats treated with PHT and with the control. These results suggest that Cs, in the used dose, is more efficient in the development of gingival overgrowth in rats. Cs-induced gingival overgrowth is a tissue with an altered composition, characterized by increasing of the density of fibroblasts and by physiologic unbalance of collagen synthesis

Staphylococcus Aureus Contamination in a Pediatric Dental Clinic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Staphylococcus aureus strains can be disseminated during dental treatment and occasionally lead to contamination and infection of patients and dentists. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and compare the number of S.aureus colonies isolated from the nose, hands and tongue of students and patients, as well as from the clinical environment, before and after dental treatment. Staphylococcus species were isolated from the tongue, nose and hands of 30 students and 30 patients and from the environment of a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The samples were incubated in SMA plates at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Results: The colonies that showed the presence of mannitol fermentation were collected as identification for Staphylococcus aureus, using CHROMagar and the coagulase test. The highest amount of S.aureus was found in the nose and tongue of children. In relation to dental students, more contamination was observed on gloved hands, followed by the tongue and hands without gloves, before clinical attendance. At the end of dental treatment, S. aureus colonies isolated from the gloved hands of students decreased significantly. Considering the clinical environment, the most contaminated areas were the auxiliary table and the storeroom, which was located at the center of the clinic. Conclusion: The dental clinic can be considered an environment for S. aureus cross-transmission. Preventative measures should be used to avoid the dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms.3411318Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Streptococcus Mutans Adhesion to Titanium After Brushing with Fluoride and Fluoride-Free Toothpaste Simulating 10 Years of Use

Purpose: To assess the influence of fluoride on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to titanium using an experimental paradigm simulating 10 years of brushing. Materials and Methods: Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) disks (6 mm in diameter and 4 mm thick) were mirror-polished and randomly assigned to one of the following six groups (n = 6): immersion (I) or brushing (B) in deionized water (groups IW [control] and BW), fluoride-free toothpaste (groups IT and BT), or fluoridated toothpaste (groups IFT and BFT). Specimens subjected to immersion were statically submerged into the solutions without brushing. For the brushed specimens, a linear brushing machine with a soft-bristled toothbrush was used. The experiments lasted a total of 244 hours. Before and after treatment, the specimens were analyzed under an atomic force microscope to determine the mean roughness (Ra) and the mean of the maximum peak-to-valley heights of the profile (Rtm). The disks were contaminated with standard strains of S mutans in well plates with brain-heart infusion broth. Adhesion was analyzed based on the numbers of colony-forming units (CFU/mL) of adhered viable cells using scanning electronic microscopy. Differences in CFU/mL between the groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Immersion did not affect either surface. As suggested by Ra and Rtm, BW, BT, and BFT induced changes on the surface of cpTi, whereas only BT and BTF induced changes on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V. No significant differences were observed regarding CFU/mL among the cpTi or Ti-6Al-4V groups. S mutans adhesion was similar for all surfaces. Conclusions: The changes in titanium induced by 10 years of simulated brushing with fluoride toothpaste did not increase the adhesion of S mutans.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Staphylococcus Aureus Contamination in a Pediatric Dental Clinic

Staphylococcus aureus strains can be disseminated during dental treatment and occasionally lead to contamination and infection of patients and dentists. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and compare the number of S.aureus colonies isolated from the nose, hands and tongue of students and patients, as well as from the clinical environment, before and after dental treatment. Staphylococcus species were isolated from the tongue, nose and hands of 30 students and 30 patients and from the environment of a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The samples were incubated in SMA plates at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Results: The colonies that showed the presence of mannitol fermentation were collected as identification for Staphylococcus aureus, using CHROMagar and the coagulase test. The highest amount of S.aureus was found in the nose and tongue of children. In relation to dental students, more contamination was observed on gloved hands, followed by the tongue and hands without gloves, before clinical attendance. At the end of dental treatment, S. aureus colonies isolated from the gloved hands of students decreased significantly. Considering the clinical environment, the most contaminated areas were the auxiliary table and the storeroom, which was located at the center of the clinic. Conclusion: The dental clinic can be considered an environment for S. aureus cross-transmission. Preventative measures should be used to avoid the dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms.FAPESP (Funda ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo[02/01033-5

Quantitative analysis of gingival tissues of rats treated with phenytoin and cyclosporine

Os aumentos gengivais podem ser decorrentes de reações teciduais a estímulos idiopáticos, patológicos e farmacológicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente e estereologicamente a ação da fenitoína (Fen) e ciclosporina (CsA) sobre os tecidos gengivais de ratos. Dez ratos receberam, por via intraperitonial, Fen na dose inicial de 2 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia, aumentando 2 mg a cada duas semanas, durante 60 dias. em outros 10 ratos, administraram-se, por via subcutânea, 10mg/kg de peso corporal/dia de CsA, durante o mesmo período do grupo anterior. Os valores morfométricos e estereométricos dos tecidos gengivais dos ratos tratados com CsA foram significativamente maiores quando comparado com os valores dos tecidos gengivais do grupo tratado com Fen. Esses resultados sugerem que a CsA na dose utilizada é mais eficaz no desenvolvimento do aumento gengival em ratos, podendo estar atuando na proliferação de fibroblastos e no desequilíbrio fisiológico da síntese de fibras colágenas.Reactions to a number of idiopathic, pathological and pharmacological stimuli may result in overgrowth of gingiva, whose mechanisms have not been established yet. The aim of the present work was to evaluate morphometrically and stereologically the effect of phenytoin (PHT) and cyclosporine (Cs) on the gingival tissues of rats. Ten rats received daily IP injection of PHT, 2 mg/kg of body weight/day, which was increased in 2 mg at each two weeks, during 60 days. Ten rats received 10 mg/kg of body weight/day of Cs, subcutaneously, during the same period of the previous group. All rats treated with Cs developed gingival overgrowth, with increased thickness of the epithelium, height and wideness of connective tissues, as well as, increased density of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, when compared with the rats treated with PHT and with the control. These results suggest that Cs, in the used dose, is more efficient in the development of gingival overgrowth in rats. Cs-induced gingival overgrowth is a tissue with an altered composition, characterized by increasing of the density of fibroblasts and by physiologic unbalance of collagen synthesis

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Background: Platelets contain an array of biologic mediators that can modulate inflammation and repair processes including proinflammatory mediators and growth factors. Previous studies have shown that periodontitis and periodontal repair are associated with platelet activation. We hypothesized that drug-induced platelet inactivation may interfere in the processes of inflammation and repair in experimental periodontitis in rats by suppressing the release of biologic mediators from platelets to the site of injury. Methods: To measure the effects on periodontitis, ligatures were placed around first molars, and aspirin (Asp, 30 mg/kg) or clopidogrel (Clo, 75 mg/kg) was given intragastrically once daily for 15 days. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), and thromboxane A(2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate the effects of antiplatelet drugs on periodontal repair, ligatures were removed after 15 days of periodontitis induction, and Asp or Clo were administered beginning the following day for 15 days. Periodontal repair was assessed by microcomputed tomography. Results: On periodontitis phase, Asp and Clo significantly reduced levels of TNF-alpha and II-6 (P < 0.05), but only Asp decreased thromboxane A(2) (P < 0.05). Asp and Clo decreased inflammatory infiltration; however, this reduction was more pronounced with Clo treatment (P < 0.05). Histometric analysis showed that Asp and Clo impaired alveolar bone resorption. During the repair phase and after removal of the ligatures, microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated that treatment with Asp and Clo did not impair alveolar bone repair. Conclusion: Systemic administration of Asp and Clo attenuates the inflammation associated with periodontitis without affecting the repair process when stimulus is removed. J Periodontol 2011;82:767-777