La influencia de la cadena de frío en las exportaciones peruanas de cebolla amarilla (SPN 0703.10.00.00) a EE.UU en el periodo de 2015 a 2020

Actualmente el tratamiento frío para las exportaciones de cebolla amarilla es una de las más complejas en la operación logística, debido a que estos productos son perecibles y requieren cuidados en distintas etapas de la cadena de suministro. Según Fresh Fruit (2020) las exportaciones de cebolla amarilla peruana alcanzaron una cifra récord al crecer en un 11% en el 2020, teniendo como principal importador a Estados Unidos quien acumulo un 68% del total de envíos. Sin embargo, esto no podría garantizarse sin una cadena de frío adecuada que permita que los productos lleguen en óptimas condiciones al país de destino beneficiando así a la empresa agroexportadora.  Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta presente investigación es encontrar la relación entre la cadena de frío y las exportaciones de cebolla amarilla a EE.UU en el periodo de 2015 a 2020. Considerando las siguientes dimensiones (i) Costo, (ii) Calidad, (iii) Seguridad, (iv) Nivel de servicio y (iv) Trazabilidad. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental con un diseño transversal de alcance correlacional, para ello el análisis se realizó mediante encuestas a 34 ejecutivos de diversas agroexportadoras que conforman nuestra población en estudio. Asimismo, las dimensiones costo, calidad, nivel de servicio y trazabilidad no están relacionadas con las exportaciones de cebolla amarilla. Por el contrario, la dimensión seguridad se encuentra positivamente relacionada. Finalmente, se obtuvo el resultado de que la variable cadena de frío no está influyendo en las exportaciones de cebolla amarilla a EE.UU en el periodo de 2015 a 2020.Currently, the cold treatment for yellow onion exports is one of the most complex in the logistics operation, because these products are perishable and require care at different stages of the supply chain. According to Fresh Fruit (2020), onion exports Peruvian yellow reached a record figure, growing by 11% in 2020, with the United States as the main importer, which accumulated 68% of total shipments. However, this could not be guaranteed without an adequate cold chain that allows the products to arrive in optimal conditions at the country of destination, thus benefiting the agro-export company. Therefore, the objective of this present investigation is to find the relationship between the cold chain and yellow onion exports to the US in the period from 2015 to 2020. Considering the following dimensions (i) Cost, (ii) Quality , (iii) Security, (iv) Service level and (iv)Traceability. The research was developed under a non-experimental quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design of correlational scope, for which the analysis was carried out through surveys of 34 executives of various agro-exporters that make up our study population. Likewise, the cost, quality, service level and traceability dimensions are not related to yellow onion exports. On the contrary, the security dimension is positively related. Finally, the result was obtained that the cold chain variable is not influences to yellow onion exports to the US in the period from 2015 to 2020.Tesi

Balancing Ethical Goals in Challenging Individual Participant Scenarios Occurring in a Trial Conducted with Exception from Informed Consent

In 1996, federal regulations were put into effect that allowed enrollment of critically ill or injured patients into Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐regulated clinical trials using an exception from informed consent (EFIC) under narrowly prescribed research circumstances. Despite the low likelihood that a legally authorized representative (LAR) would be present within the interventional time frame, the EFIC regulations require the availability of an informed consent process, to be applied if an LAR is present and able to provide prospective consent for patient enrollment into the trial. The purpose of this article is to describe a series of unanticipated consent‐related questions arising when a potential surrogate decision‐maker appeared to be available at the time of patient enrollment into a trial proceeding under EFIC.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110828/1/acem12602.pd

Consulting Communities When Patients Cannot Consent: A Multi-Center Study of Community Consultation for Research in Emergency Settings

OBJECTIVE: To assess the range of responses to community consultation efforts conducted within a large network and the impact of different consultation methods on acceptance of exception from informed consent (EFIC) research and understanding of the proposed study. DESIGN: A cognitively pre-tested survey instrument was administered to 2,612 community consultation participants at 12 US centers participating in a multi-center trial of treatment for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING: Survey nested within community consultation for a Phase III, randomized controlled trial of treatment for acute TBI conducted within a multi-center trial network and using EFIC. SUBJECTS: Adult participants in community consultation events. INTERVENTIONS: Community consultation efforts at participating sites. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Acceptance of EFIC in general, attitude toward personal EFIC enrollment, and understanding of the study content were assessed. 54% of participants agreed EFIC was acceptable in the proposed study; 71% were accepting of personal EFIC enrollment. Participants in interactive versus non-interactive community consultation events were more accepting of EFIC in general (63% vs. 49%) and personal EFIC inclusion (77% vs. 67%). Interactive community consultation participants had high-level recall of study content significantly more often than non-interactive consultation participants (77% vs. 67%). Participants of interactive consultation were more likely to recall possible study benefits (61% vs. 45%) but less likely to recall potential risks (56% vs. 69%). CONCLUSIONS: Interactive community consultation methods were associated with increased acceptance of EFIC and greater overall recall of study information but lower recall of risks. There was also significant variability in EFIC acceptance among different interactive consultation events. These findings have important implications for IRBs and investigators conducting EFIC research and for community engagement efforts in research more generally

Practical recommendations for the evaluation of improvement initiatives

Abstract A lack of clear guidance for funders, evaluators and improvers on what to include in evaluation proposals can lead to evaluation designs that do not answer the questions stakeholders want to know. These evaluation designs may not match the iterative nature of improvement and may be imposed onto an initiative in a way that is impractical from the perspective of improvers and the communities with whom they work. Consequently, the results of evaluations are often controversial, and attribution remains poorly understood. Improvement initiatives are iterative, adaptive and context-specific. Evaluation approaches and designs must align with these features, specifically in their ability to consider complexity, to evolve as the initiative adapts over time and to understand the interaction with local context. Improvement initiatives often identify broadly defined change concepts and provide tools for care teams to tailor these in more detail to local conditions. Correspondingly, recommendations for evaluation are best provided as broad guidance, to be tailored to the specifics of the initiative. In this paper, we provide practical guidance and recommendations that funders and evaluators can use when developing an evaluation plan for improvement initiatives that seeks to: identify the questions stakeholders want to address; develop the initial program theory of the initiative; identify high-priority areas to measure progress over time; describe the context the initiative will be applied within; and identify experimental or observational designs that will address attribution

Practical recommendations for the evaluation of improvement initiatives

Abstract A lack of clear guidance for funders, evaluators and improvers on what to include in evaluation proposals can lead to evaluation designs that do not answer the questions stakeholders want to know. These evaluation designs may not match the iterative nature of improvement and may be imposed onto an initiative in a way that is impractical from the perspective of improvers and the communities with whom they work. Consequently, the results of evaluations are often controversial, and attribution remains poorly understood. Improvement initiatives are iterative, adaptive and context-specific. Evaluation approaches and designs must align with these features, specifically in their ability to consider complexity, to evolve as the initiative adapts over time and to understand the interaction with local context. Improvement initiatives often identify broadly defined change concepts and provide tools for care teams to tailor these in more detail to local conditions. Correspondingly, recommendations for evaluation are best provided as broad guidance, to be tailored to the specifics of the initiative. In this paper, we provide practical guidance and recommendations that funders and evaluators can use when developing an evaluation plan for improvement initiatives that seeks to: identify the questions stakeholders want to address; develop the initial program theory of the initiative; identify high-priority areas to measure progress over time; describe the context the initiative will be applied within; and identify experimental or observational designs that will address attribution

Seven seeds nuggets

Este emprendimiento fue planteado por un grupo de estudiantes pertenecientes al 10mo ciclo de la carrera de Administración y Negocios Internacionales. Los conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo de la carrera nos han permitido proyectar este modelo de negocio de manera correcta y precisa, por lo cual a continuación detallaremos lo trabajado. En primer lugar, se identificó el problema donde nuestros usuarios buscan alimentos alternativos que les permitan llevar una vida saludable y a su vez les otorguen nutrientes y proteínas para que puedan cumplir con sus actividades diarias. Por estas razones, creamos un producto ideal y alternativo que puede ser disfrutado en cualquier momento. Siendo así nuestro público objetivo jóvenes, deportistas, veganos y vegetarianos de las edades de 18 a 39 años pertenecientes al NSE A y B de Lima Moderna. Bajo este concepto nació “Seven Seeds Nuggets”, nuggets 100% naturales a base de 7 semillas, elaborada con ingredientes premium de nuestro país, como la quinua, kiwicha, cañihua, avena, maca negra, chía y linaza, este producto sigue un proceso artesanal, siendo una opción de snacks para ser compartida con otros alimentos. La tradición y orgulloso por nuestro país es lo que representa nuestro producto, gracias a su amplia variedad de insumos y textura ideal lo cual lo convierten en una opción sana y fresca. Para lograr todo lo anteriormente mencionado, hemos desarrollado un análisis, donde se ejecuta el Plan de Marketing, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Responsabilidad Social y Plan Financiero para la correcta evaluación de la empresa y viabilidad del proyecto.This project was raised by a group of students belonging to the 10th cycle of the International Business and Administration career. The knowledge acquired throughout the career has allowed us to project this business model correctly and precisely, for which we will detail what has been worked on below. In the first place, the problem was identified where our users look for alternative foods that allow them to lead a healthy life and in turn provide them with nutrients and proteins so that they can comply with their daily activities. For these reasons, we create an ideal and alternative product that can be enjoyed at any time. Thus, our target audience is young people, athletes, vegans and vegetarians from the ages of 18 to 39 belonging to the NSE A and B of Modern Lima. Under this concept was born "Seven Seeds Nuggets", 100% natural nuggets based on 7 seeds, made with premium ingredients from our country, such as quinoa, kiwicha, cañihua, oats, black maca, chia and linseed, this product follows a process artisanal, being an option of snacks to be shared with other foods. Tradition and pride in our country is what our product represents, thanks to its wide variety of inputs and ideal texture, which make it a healthy and fresh option. To achieve all the aforementioned, we have developed an analysis, where the Marketing Plan, Operations Plan, Human Resources Plan, Social Responsibility Plan and Financial Plan are executed for the correct evaluation of the company and the viability of the project.Trabajo de investigació

Complexation of lanthanides, actinides and transition metal cations with a 6-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine ligand: implications for actinide(III) /lanthanide(III) partitioning

The quadridentate N-heterocyclic ligand 6-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine (CyMe4-hemi-BTBP) has been synthesized and its interactions with Am(III), U(VI), Ln(III) and some transition metal cations have been evaluated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, Am(III)/Eu(III) solvent extraction experiments, UV absorption spectrophotometry, NMR studies and ESI-MS. Structures of the 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and the linear uranyl (UO22+) ion were obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and showed similar coordination behavior to related BTBP complexes. In methanol, the stability constants of the Ln(III) complexes are slightly lower than those of the analogous quadridentate bis-triazine BTBP ligands, while the stability constant for the Yb(III) complex is higher. 1H NMR titrations and ESI-MS with lanthanide nitrates showed that the ligand forms only 1:1 complexes with Eu(III), Ce(III) and Yb(III), while both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were formed with La(III) and Y(III) in acetonitrile. A mixture of isomeric chiral 2:2 helical complexes was formed with Cu(I), with a slight preference (1.4:1) for a single directional isomer. In contrast, a 1:1 complex was observed with the larger Ag(I) ion. The ligand was unable to extract Am(III) or Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions into 1-octanol, except in the presence of a synergist at low acidity. The results show that the presence of two outer 1,2,4-triazine rings is required for the efficient extraction and separation of An(III) from Ln(III) by quadridentate N-donor ligand

Medicinal herb use among asthmatic patients attending a specialty care facility in Trinidad

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing prevalence of asthma in the Caribbean and patients remain non-compliant to therapy despite the development of guidelines for management and prevention. Some patients may self-medicate with medicinal herbs for symptomatic relief, as there is a long tradition of use for a variety of ailments. The study assessed the prevalence of use and the factors affecting the decision to use herbs in asthmatic patients attending a public specialty care clinic in Trinidad. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Chest Clinic in Trinidad using a de novo, pilot-tested, researcher-administered questionnaire between June and July 2003. RESULTS: Fifty-eight out of 191 patients (30.4%) reported using herbal remedies for symptomatic relief. Gender, age, ethnicity, and asthma severity did not influence the decision to use herbs; however, 62.5% of patients with tertiary level schooling used herbs, p = 0.025. Thirty-four of these 58 patients (58.6%) obtained herbs from their backyards or the supermarket; only 14 patients (24.1%) obtained herbs from an herbalist, herbal shop or pharmacy. Relatives and friends were the sole source of information for most patients (70.7%), and only 10.3% consulted an herbalist. Ginger, garlic, aloes, shandileer, wild onion, pepper and black sage were the most commonly used herbs. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients attending the Chest Clinic in Trinidad the use of herbal remedies in asthma is relatively common on the advice of relatives and friends. It is therefore becoming imperative for healthcare providers to become more knowledgeable on this modality and to keep abreast with the latest developments