Norms, Mobilization and Conflict: The Merowe Dam as a Case Study

This article investigates dynamics of mobilization over environmental and human rights norms in the context of undemocratic governments. We test the suggestion in norm diffusion theories that success of domestic struggles in this context depends on the level of internalization of norms brought forth by international pressure. We find that the internalization (or lack thereof) of global norms by the Government of Sudan does not explain its recognition of environmental justice claims in this case. Furthermore, the various litigation efforts pursued by affected people outside of Sudan did not influence their campaign. However, a combination of the political climate in the country and a unique political interplay between the government and a distinct group of the affected people may have led to the singular success of their campaign. We use a combination of discourse analysis, legal analysis, norms-mapping and semi-structured interviews to reach conclusions

Possible Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Cap Polyposis of the Colon

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com.ArticleHELICOBACTER. 9(6): 651-656 (2004)journal articl

On being West Indian in post-war metropolitan France: perspectives from French West Indian literature

Most research into contemporary French West Indian literature focuses on writing that stresses the significance of the plantation and urban cultures of the islands in the early to mid-twentieth century or, more recently, on the desire of some writers to explore broader trans-national influences or environments. Despite the prominence of migration in post-war French West Indian history, however, less has been said about the engagement of French West Indian literature with migration to metropolitan France. Although commentators have recently begun to discuss the work of a handful of writers in connection with migration to the métropole, this thesis offers a full-length analysis of the issue, bringing writers, texts and literary and cultural theories together with the cultural and sociological context of migration to metropolitan France. I comment on a variety of well-known authors and texts, while also presenting writers and writing that have frequently been neglected in other studies. I also consider the reasons for what I believe to be both the slow development of a literature of migration, as well as the low profile of this issue within Francophone literary studies. Part One, ‘French and West Indian: Historical and Sociological Contexts’, considers the broad context of migration, reflecting on how that context impacts on the West Indians and their descendants in the métropole. Part Two, ‘Theory and the French West Indian Diaspora’, looks at colonisation, postcolonial criticism, and the current scholarship devoted to them, as these concern the issues of migration and identity in sociological and literary terms. Part Three, ‘Patterns of Discourse: Reflections of the Métropole’, takes recurrent themes that have appeared in the works of a variety of less well-known writers, including writers of West Indian origin born in the métropole. In Part Four, ‘Siting the Métropole’, I examine three successful yet very different writers and consider their contributions to the literature of migration, in the light of the reflections made and the patterns uncovered earlier in this thesis. My conclusion unites the themes of inclusion and exclusion that this subject brings to the fore, and suggests potential literary and scholarly developments for the future

Identification of companion small grains for Midmar Italian ryegrass.

In a preliminary investigation four small grain species, oats (Avena sativa) rye (Secalae cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (Triticum x secalae) were planted alone and in combination with Lolium multiflorum cv Midmar under irrigation. The dry matter (DM) yield of Midmar was also compared to that of four other annual ryegrass cultivars. All species combinations were harvested at either three- or six-week cutting intervals and fertilized with either 200 or 400 kg/N/ha. As a group the pure ryegrasses had a greater yield potential than the small grain-Midmar group which in turn out-yielded the small grain group. Increasing cutting interval from three to six weeks had a far stronger positive influence on DM production than that of doubling the amount of nitrogen. Rye was the most successful small grain in being able to fill the winter gap in the fodder flow of Midmar ryegrass. The small grains on average contributed about 25% towards the total DM production in the small grain-Midmar mixtures. Oats, although initially slow, had significantly (P < 0, 05) higher yields than any of the small grains and had a longer, more evenly distributed growing season.Keywords: avena sativa; cultivars; cutting interval; dry matter yields; ermelo district; fodder; italian ryegrass; lolium multiflorum; nitrogen fertilizer; nooitgedacht research station; oats; rye; ryegrass; secalae cereale; south africa; triticum aestivum; wheat; yiel