Caracterización química y morfológica de Allium tuncelianum (Amaryllidaceae) y potenciales antioxidantes y anticolinesterasa

Alzheimer’s disease is the main reason for dementia, which increases with age. Cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant potentials of extracts and essential oils from bulbs of A. tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay & al., an endemic species to Tunceli (easthern Turkey), were evaluated. The fraction extracted of ethyl acetate had the highest phenolics level, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and thiobarbituric acid antioxidant capacity. Also, the ethyl acetate fraction presented the highest acetylcholinesterase (15.98 ± 2.76%), and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (47.33 ± 3.27%). Diallyl disulfide (49.8%), diallyl trisulfide (27.9%) and allyl methyl trisulfide (6.9%) were found to be the major components of essential oil. This paper shows that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. tuncelianum could be a potent source of antioxidant and anticholinesterase components.La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la causa principal de la demencia, cuya aparición aumenta según la edad. Se evaluaron la inhibición de la colinesterasa y el potencial antioxidante de los extractos y los aceites esenciales de los bulbos de A. tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay & al., una especie endémica de Tunceli (este de Turquía). La fracción extraida de acetato de etilo presentó los niveles más altos de fenoles, 1,1-difenil- 2-picrilhidrazilo y capacidad antioxidante, ácido tiobarbitúrico. Asimismo, la fracción de etil acetato presentó la mayor capacidad de inhibición de acetilcolinesterasa (15.98 ± 2.76%) y butirilcolinesterasa (47.33 ± 3.27%). El disulfuro de dialilo (49.8%), el trisulfuro de dialilo (27.9%) y el trisulfuro de metil alilo (6.9%) fueron los componentes principales del aceite esencial. Este artículo muestra que la fracción de etil acetato de A. tuncelianum podría ser una fuente potencial novedosa de componentes antioxidantes y anticolinesterasa

Insecticidal and biting deterrent activities of magnolia grandiflora essential oils and selected pure compounds against aedes aegypti

© 2020 by the authors. In our natural products screening program for mosquitoes, we tested essential oils extracted from different plant parts of Magnolia grandiflora L. for their insecticidal and biting deterrent activities against Aedes aegypti. Biting deterrence of seeds essential oil with biting deterrence index value of 0.89 was similar to N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). All the other oils were active above the solvent control but the activity was significantly lower than DEET. Based on GC-MS analysis, three pure compounds that were only present in the essential oil of seed were further investigated to identify the compounds responsible for biting deterrent activity. 1-Decanol with PNB value of 0.8 was similar to DEET (PNB = 0.8), whereas 1-octanol with PNB value of 0.64 showed biting deterrence lower than 1-decanol and DEET. The activity of 1-heptanol with PNB value of 0.36 was similar to the negative control. Since 1-decanol, which was 3.3% of the seed essential oil, showed biting deterrence similar to DEET as a pure compound, this compound might be responsible for the activity of this oil. In in vitro A & K bioassay, 1-decanol with MED value of 6.25 showed higher repellency than DEET (MED = 12.5). Essential oils of immature and mature fruit showed high toxicity whereas leaf, flower, and seeds essential oils gave only 20%, 0%, and 50% mortality, respectively, at the highest dose of 125 ppm. 1-Decanol with LC50 of 4.8 ppm was the most toxic compound

Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils of Fresh and Air-Dried Buds of Cannabis chemovars, Their Insecticidal and Repellent Activities

© The Author(s) 2020. The volatile oils of fresh and air-dried buds of 3 different varieties of Cannabis, namely, high cannabidiol (CBD) chemotype, intermediate CBD/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) chemotype, and high THC chemotype were prepared by hydrodistillation. Gas chromatography analysis of the volatile oils resulted in the identification of 71 compounds, of which 33 were monoterpenes and 38 were sesquiterpenes. The volatile oil obtained from the THC chemotype showed an increase in the ratio of the sesquiterpenes to monoterpenes content. The content of terpinolene was dramatically decreased upon drying of THC chemotype. Moderate increase in β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide was observed. However, there was no detectable change in the percentage of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes content in both the intermediate type and CBD chemotype upon drying. The insecticidal activity of the volatile oils was evaluated. The oil obtained from the fresh and dried high CBD cannabis showed good biting deterrent activity at 10 ug/cm2 compared with N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide at 4.78 µg/cm2, and good larvicidal activity

Assessment of selected Saudi and Yemeni plants for mosquitocidal activities against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

© 2019 by the authors. Marine organisms are recognized as a source of compounds with interesting biological activities. Vibrio neocaledonicus has been reported on for its high effectiveness against corrosion in metals but it has been little studied for its chemical and biological activities. In this study, four compounds were isolated from V. neocaledonicus: indole (1); 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2); 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3) and Cyclo (-Pro-Tyr) (4); using a bioassay-guided method, since in a previous study it was found that the ethyl acetate extract was active on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha-glucosidase (AG) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The inhibitory activities of the three compounds against AChE, AG and XO was also evaluated. In addition, the enzymatic inhibitory activity of indole to the toxins from the venom of Bothrops asper was tested. Results showed that indole exhibited strong inhibitory activity to AG (IC50 = 18.65 ± 1.1 µM), to AChE, and XO (51.3% and 44.3% at 50 µg/mL, respectively). 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde displayed strong activity to XO (IC50 = 13.36 ± 0.39 µM). 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed moderate activity to XO (50.75% at 50 µg/mL) and weak activity to AChE (25.7% at 50 µg/mL). Furthermore, indole showed a significant in vitro inhibition to the coagulant effect induced by 1.0 µg of venom. The findings were supported by molecular docking. This is the first comprehensive report on the chemistry of V. neocaledonicus and the bioactivity of its metabolites

Do patients with diabetes use the insulin pen properly?

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the insulin pen application knowledge and skills of patients with diabetes. Methods: In our descriptive study, 200 patients with diabetes were asked to present the insulin pen injection technique on a mannequin and the steps of the pen injection implementation were noted on the data collection form as correct/incorrect by researchers. Results: More than 3 out of 4 (79.5%) of the participants were using the insulin pen or the cartridge after the expiry date, 70.5% were not rotating the injection site, and 63.0% were massaging the skin after injection. Injection sites complications were significantly more in those who were using the insulin pen or the cartridge after the expiry date, those who don\u2019t know the proper length of the needle and the possible body injection sites, those who don\u2019t rotate the injection sites, those who massage after injection, and those who don\u2019t use a new needle at each injection (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study put into light some failures in the knowledge and skills of patients with diabetes regarding insulin pen use. Nurses should provide patients with diabetes an effective and repetitive training concerning insulin pen use. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.38 Cite as: Tosun B, Cinar FI, Topcu Z, Masatoglu B, Ozen N, Bagcivan G, et al. Do patients with diabetes use the insulin pen properly? Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1628-1637. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.3

Antimicrobial and toxicity profiles evaluation of the Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial agents

In this present study, commercial Pharmacopeia (PhEur) grade chamomile essential oil (Mairicariae aetheroleurn) was combined with different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin sodium, cefuroxime acetyl, tetracycline hydrochloride, fluconazole and nystatin. All combinations were evaluated in vitro against pathogenic standard and clinical resistant Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial isolates as well as against Candida albicans for their broad antimicrobial effectiveness. Furthermore, the essential oil was fractioned by column chromatography using n-hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and methanol, respectively. Additionally, all fractions of essential oil were tested in combinations for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) against the resistant microbial pathogens. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution method and antimicrobial interactions were assayed using the checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity of compounds were evaluated using Cytotox-XTT-1 1:rameter Kit in WS1 cells and Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence toxicity assay. The analyses proved that alpha-bisabolol oxide A (47.7%), (E)-beta-famesene (21.5%), alpha-bisabolol oxide B (6.2%), alpha-bisabolone oxide A (5.8%), chamazulene (4.1%) and alpha-bisabolol (2.2%), respectively were the major compounds and in compliance with PhEur. The essential oil combination of fluconazole and nystatin showed "synergic and additive inhibitory effects" against the clinical Candida strain. According to the IC50 values obtained, the inhibitory concentrations of combinations against the clinical Candida strain can be considered to be selective when compared with its effect on WS1 cells. Additionally, the essential oil combination of fluconazole and nystatin showed low toxicity against A. fischeri

Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of the Mastic Gum Essential Oils of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia from Turkey

Tabanca, Nurhayat/0000-0003-2802-8796WOS: 000535695900132PubMed: 32370246The essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation from wild and cultivated Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia-mastic gum tree (Anacardiaceae) from two natural habitats, namely from Cesme-Uzunkoy (1) and Mordogan (2), and one cultivated source, Cesme-Germiyan (3), in Izmir, Turkey. This comparative study evaluated the chemical composition and biological activity of mastic gum essential oils (MGEOs). For this purpose, MGEOs 1-3 were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chiral GC for alpha-pinene. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess for potential in vitro cytotoxicity (multiple in vitro cancer cell lines), antimicrobial properties (five bacterial species and yeast), anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), and the attraction of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly), respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that MGEOs 1 and 2 were rich in alpha-pinene (56.2% and 51.9%), myrcene (20.1% and 18.6%), and beta-pinene (2.7% and 3.1%), respectively; whereas MGEO-3 was characterized by a high level of alpha-pinene (70.8%), followed by beta-pinene (5.7%) and myrcene (2.5%). Chiral GC analyses showed that concentration ratios between (-)/(+)-alpha-pinene and (-)-alpha-pinene/myrcene allowed for differentiation between wild and cultivated MGEO sources. in biological assays, MGEOs 1-3 did not exhibit significant antimicrobial effects against the pathogens evaluated and were not strong attractants of male medflies; however, all three MGEOs displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS, and MGEOs 1 and 2 exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. These results suggest that wild-type mastic gum oils from Cesme and Mordogan (MGEOs 1 and 2) are potential sources of beneficial products and warrant further investigation.United States Department of AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [6038-22000-006-00-D]This project was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (Project Number: 6038-22000-006-00-D)

Görüntü Çözünürlü?ünün Otomatik Cinsiyet ve Yaş Sınıflandırmasındakı Etkisinin Analizi

24th Signal Processing and Communication Application Conference (SIU) (2016 : Zonguldak, Turkey )In this paper, the effect of the image resolution for gender detection and age classification have been analyzed by conducting experiments with facial images that have 10 different image resolutions ranging from 2 x 1 to 329 x 264. K Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forests (RF) classifiers, which have been successfully used in several applications, have been employed to extract gender and age information from the images. Experiments for age classification and gender detection have been performed separately.Bu bildiride, yüz görüntülerinde 2 × 1 ile 329 × 264 arasında degişen 10 farklı görüntü çözünürlüğü için yaş ve cinsiyet sınıflandırması deneyleri yapılarak görüntü çözünürlügünün yaş ve cinsiyet sınıflandırması başarımı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Görüntülerden yaş ve cinsiyet bilgilerinin çıkarılabilmesi için bir çok uygulamada başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmış olan K En Yakın Komşu (k-NN), Destek Vektör Makineleri (SVM) ve Rastgele Orman (RF) sınıflandırıcıları kullanılmıştır. Deneyler yaş ve cinsiyet sınıflandırması için ayrı ayrı yapılmış, son olarak alınan sonuçlar degerlendirilmişti

Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Aster subulatus Michx. from Turkey

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the hydrodistilled essential oils from aerial parts and roots of Aster subulatus Michx. (Asteraceae) from Turkey were investigated. The essential oils of A. subulatus were analyzed by combination of GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-nine components comprising 79.0\% of the essential oil of the roots and forty-nine components comprising 89.3\% of the essential oil of the aerial parts were identified. The major constituents of the essential oil from the aerial parts were found to be elemol (21.5\%), beta-eudesmol (6.3\%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.2\%), while the main components of the root oil were hexadecanoic (33.0\%), tetradecanoic (5.3\%) and octanoic (4.6\%) acids. The antimicrobial activities of the oils were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using a TLC-bioautography method. Both of the oils showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, while the oils were found to be inactive against tested E. coli strain at 1 mg/mL concentration. This is the first report on the chemical composition and preliminary antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of A. subulatus from Turkey