Between but not within species variation in the distribution of fitness effects

New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is therefore of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, i.e., whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterised the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence and genetic background. We find statistical support for there being variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and that evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact

The GenTree Platform: growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species

Background: Progress in the field of evolutionary forest ecology has been hampered by the huge challenge of phenotyping trees across their ranges in their natural environments, and the limitation in high-resolution environmental information. Findings: The GenTree Platform contains phenotypic and environmental data from 4,959 trees from 12 ecologically and economically important European forest tree species: Abies alba Mill. (silver fir), Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine), Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), Pinus nigra Arnold (European black pine), Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine), Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), Populus nigra L. (European black poplar), Taxus baccata L. (English yew), and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak). Phenotypic (height, diameter at breast height, crown size, bark thickness, biomass, straightness, forking, branch angle, fructification), regeneration, environmental in situ measurements (soil depth, vegetation cover, competition indices), and environmental modeling data extracted by using bilinear interpolation accounting for surrounding conditions of each tree (precipitation, temperature, insolation, drought indices) were obtained from trees in 194 sites covering the species’ geographic ranges and reflecting local environmental gradients. Conclusion: The GenTree Platform is a new resource for investigating ecological and evolutionary processes in forest trees. The coherent phenotyping and environmental characterization across 12 species in their European ranges allow for a wide range of analyses from forest ecologists, conservationists, and macro-ecologists. Also, the data here presented can be linked to the GenTree Dendroecological collection, the GenTree Leaf Trait collection, and the GenTree Genomic collection presented elsewhere, which together build the largest evolutionary forest ecology data collection available

La noix de Macadamia et son huile (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden et Betche, Protéacées)

Le macadamier Macadamia integrifolia Maiden et Betche est un arbre de la famille des Protéacées qui pousse sous les latitudes subtropicales. Il donne la noix de Macadamia, riche en huile pourvue d acides gras monoinsaturés, particulièrement en acide palmitoléique. Les aborigènes d Australie se nourrissaient déjà de cette noix. Le macadamier est actuellement cultivé pour ses noix et son huile, à usages alimentaire et cosmétique. Des études cliniques ont prouvé son effet bénéfique sur le cholestérol sanguin grâce à sa richesse en acide palmitoléique, qui explique également son usage en cosmétologie. L intérêt pour cette noix ne tient pas uniquement à ses qualités gustatives : les recherches justifient donc sa consommation croissante ainsi que l utilisation de son huile.Macadamia integrifolia Maiden et Betche is a tree which belongs to Proteaceae family and growths under subtropical latitudes. It provides Macadamia nut, rich in oil which contains lots of monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly palmitoleic acid. Australian aboriginies already ate this nut. Macadamia tree is nowadays cultivated for its nuts and oil, for alimentary and cosmetic uses. Clinical studies have proved its benefic effect on blood cholesterol thanks to its richness in palmitoleic acid, which also explains its use in cosmetics. The interest for this nut is not only based on gustative qualities: researches have therefore justified the increasing consumption and the use of oil.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le conseil homéopathique à l'officine (grossesse, post-partum et troubles digestifs du nourrisson)

Après des rappels sur l'homéopathie : les trois principes, la fabrication des remèdes, les différentes formes galéniques, les méthodes d'administration et le remboursement, notre thèse évoque les modifications physiologiques de la grossesse.Nous traitons ensuite l'ensemble des troubles rencontrés au cours de la grossesse, de la préparation à l'accouchement, du post-partum, ainsi que les premiers troubles digestifs du nourrisson en y associant les traitements homéopathiques et les règles hygiénodiététiques.Des fiches synthétiques permettent de récapituler et de guider le pharmacien dans le choix d'un traitement. Ce support peut être facilement utilisé par toute l'équipe officinale afin d'optimiser le conseil homéopathique.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Case Report about Fatal or Near-Fatal Hypersensitivity Reactions to Cetuximab: Anticetuximab IgE as a Valuable Screening Test

Hypersensitivity reactions are a classic side effect of cetuximab. We report the cases of three patients who developed life-threatening hypersensitivity to cetuximab, which could have been predicted by assessing the concentration of serum anticetuximab immunoglobulin (Ig)E. The anti-cetuximab IgE concentration could be an interesting test to predict which patients are at risk of experiencing severe hypersensitivity reactions to cetuximab

Clinical characteristics and ANCA specificity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis patients, according to the low normal or high normal plasma C3 levels (relative values) performed before treatment, based on the median value of C3 levels observed in the whole cohort (M/F: male/female; IQR: interquartile ranges).

<p>Clinical characteristics and ANCA specificity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis patients, according to the low normal or high normal plasma C3 levels (relative values) performed before treatment, based on the median value of C3 levels observed in the whole cohort (M/F: male/female; IQR: interquartile ranges).</p

Hypocomplementemia is associated with worse renal survival in ANCA-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis - Fig 3

<p><b>Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall (A''), renal (B'') and relapse-free (C'') survival rates in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis, according to the low normal or high normal plasma C4 levels (relative values) performed before treatment, based on the median value of C4 levels observed in the whole cohort (p = 0.83, 0.69 and 0.20, respectively)</b>.</p

Clinical characteristics and ANCA specificity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis patients, according to the low normal or high normal plasma C4 levels (relative values) performed before treatment, based on the median value of C4 levels observed in the whole cohort (M/F: male/female; IQR: interquartile ranges).

<p>Clinical characteristics and ANCA specificity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis patients, according to the low normal or high normal plasma C4 levels (relative values) performed before treatment, based on the median value of C4 levels observed in the whole cohort (M/F: male/female; IQR: interquartile ranges).</p

Clinical characteristics and ANCA specificity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis patients, according to low or normal plasma complement levels (absolute values) performed before treatment (M/F: male/female; IQR: interquartile ranges).

<p>Clinical characteristics and ANCA specificity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis patients, according to low or normal plasma complement levels (absolute values) performed before treatment (M/F: male/female; IQR: interquartile ranges).</p

Hypocomplementemia is associated with worse renal survival in ANCA-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis - Fig 1

<p><b>Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall (A), renal (B) and relapse-free (C) survival rates in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis, according to low or normal plasma complement levels (absolute values) performed before treatment (p = 0.0011, <0.001 and 0.093, respectively)</b>.</p