Combustion by-products and their health effects - combustion engineering and global health in the 21st century: Issues and challenges.

The 13th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and their Health Effects was held in New Orleans, Louisiana from May 15 to 18, 2013. The congress, sponsored by the Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Science Foundation, brought together international academic and government researchers, engineers, scientists, and policymakers. With industrial growth, increased power needs and generation and coal consumption and their concomitant emissions, pernicious health effects associated with exposures to these emissions are on the rise. This congress provides a unique platform for interdisciplinary exchange and discussion of these topics. The formation, conversion, control, and health effects of combustion by-products, including particulate matter and associated heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and environmentally persistent free radicals, were discussed during the congress. This review will summarize and discuss the implications of the data presented

Protection of 5′‐Hydroxy Functions of Nucleosides

The 5‐hydroxy group is the primary hydroxy group of nucleosides. It is mandatory to protect 5‐hydroxyls in all methods of oligonucleotide synthesis that require nucleoside synthons. This unit discusses a wide variety of acid‐labile and base‐labile protecting groups, as well as enzymatic methods for 5‐protection and deprotection.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143732/1/cpnc0203.pd

Relação materno-filial da raça Morada Nova recebendo dietas com três níveis de energia, ao final da gestação Ewe-lambs relationship in Morada Nova breed under three energy levels at the end of gestation

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de energia ofertados no terço final da gestação sobre o comportamento materno-filial de animais da raça Morada Nova. O experimento consistiu de três tratamentos - três grupos de oito matrizes, alimentadas com dietas isoprotéicas contendo diferentes níveis energéticos (2,0; 2,4 e 2,8 Mcal EM/kg MS), com oito repetições cada. Observou-se efeito dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis comportamentais maternas avaliadas (vocalização, ato de cheirar e lamber a cria e a posição da ovelha em - pé ou deitada), nas ovelhas, mas não foi observada diferença para os comportamentos filiais (posição da cria, tempo decorrido do nascimento à primeira vez que ficou de pé, tempo decorrido do nascimento à primeira mamada, tempo total de mamadas) dos cordeiros. A mobilização de reservas ou o carreamento direto de nutrientes da dieta para o crescimento fetal normal, nos grupos alimentos com dietas contendo 2,0 e 2,4 Mcal EM/kg MS, minimizaram os possíveis efeitos sobre o comportamento filial dos cordeiros. Mesmo sob interferência no relacionamento com as crias, ovelhas Morada Nova conseguiram manter as condições dos cordeiros inalteradas em todos os tratamentos.<br>The present work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of different energy levels offered in the final third of gestation on the ewe-lambs behavior of animals from the Morada Nova breed. The experiment was divided into three treatments - three groups of eight ewes, fed isoprotein diets containing different energy levels (2.0, 2.4, and 2.8 Mcal ME/kg DM), with eight replicates each. There was effect of the treatment on the maternal behavior evaluated variables (vocalization, act of smell and lick the lambs and the position of the ewe - stand up or lying), in the ewes, but no difference was observed for the filial behavior (position of animal, time from the birth to the first time that the animal was up, time from the birth to the first sucking and total time sucking) of the lambs. The mobilization of reserves or the direct carrying of nutrients of the diet for normal fetal growth, in the groups fed with diets containing 2.0 and 2.4 Mcal ME/kg DM, minimized the possible effects on the filial behavior of lambs. The mobilization of reserves or direct carry of nutrients of the diet for normal fetal growth, in the groups fed with diets containing 2.0 and 2.4 Mcal ME/kg DM, minimized the possible effect on the filial behavior of lambs. Despite the interference in their relationship with the kids, ewes Morada Nova attained to keep the conditions of the lambs unchanged in all treatments