Electronic Raman scattering in quantum dots revisited

We present theoretical results concerning inelastic light (Raman) scattering from semiconductor quantum dots. The characteristics of each dot state (whether it is a collective or single-particle excitation, its multipolarity, and its spin) are determined independently of the Raman spectrum, in such a way that common beliefs used for level assignments in experimental spectra can be tested. We explore the usefulness of below band gap excitation and an external magnetic field to identify charge and spin excited states of a collective or single-particle nature.Comment: To appear in a special issue of Solid State Communications dedicated to Eli Burstei

Introducción

..

Sostenibilitat i modalitats turístiques : una anàlisi de casos a Catalunya

El present article té com a objectiu exposar els resultats obtinguts de l'aplicació d'un sistema d'indicadors de sostenibilitat sociocultural, econòmica i ambiental en diferents municipis turístics de Catalunya (Salou, Naut Aran, Tarragona i Llavorsí). L'interès consisteix a avaluar la influència que exerceixen diferents modalitats turístiques (turisme de sol i platja, turisme de neu, turisme cultural i turisme d'esports d'aventura) en el grau de sostenibilitat turística dels municipis. Es tracta d'una aproximació metodològica a la identificació i quantificació d'impactes del turisme a escala local per valorar comparativament, a partir de l'anàlisi de casos, la sostenibilitat turística associada a cada modalitat.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de un sistema de indicadores de sostenibilidad sociocultural, económica y ambiental en diferentes municipios turísticos de Cataluña (Salou, Naut Aran, Tarragona y Llavorsí). El interés consiste en evaluar la influencia que tienen diferentes modalidades turísticas (turismo de sol y playa, turismo de nieve, turismo cultural y turismo de deportes de aventura) en el grado de sostenibilidad turística de los municipios. Se trata de una aproximación metodológica a la identificación y cuantificación de impactos del turismo a escala local para valorar comparativamente, a partir del análisis de casos, la sostenibilidad turística asociada a cada modalidad.Cet article vise à présenter les résultats de la mise en place d'un système d'indicateurs de développement durable, sur les axes socioculturel, économique et environnemental, dans différentes communes touristiques de la Catalogne (Salou, Naut Aran, Tarragone et Llavorsí). L'intérêt est d'évaluer l'influence de certaines formes de tourisme (balnéaire, blanc, culturel et actif) sur le degré de durabilité touristique des communes.Il s'agit d'une approche méthodologique pour l'identification et la quantification des impacts du tourisme au niveau local, afin d'évaluer d'une façon comparative à partir des l'analyses de cas, la durabilité associée à chaque forme touristique.The aim of this paper is to present the results for the implementation of a set of indicators of social-cultural, economical and environmental sustainability in different municipalities of Catalonia (Salou, Naut Aran, Tarragona and Llavorsí). The main focus is to evaluate how different tourist modalities (sun and beach tourism, snow tourism, cultural tourism and adventure sport tourism) influence the local tourist sustainability. This is a methodological approach to identify and quantify the tourism impacts at local level to assess comparatively, through case analysis, the level of tourist sustainability associated with each modality

Decadal climate prediction and predictability for climate services

[eng] Climate variations at annual to decadal time scales affect many regions around the globe, causing direct impacts on the economy, ecosystems and society. Knowing these variations in advance allows for implementing measures to adapt, mitigate and build resilience to the consequences of a changing climate. At decadal time scale, climate variations are caused by both external forcings and internal climate variability. While climate projections incorporate external forcing information based on different socio-economic scenarios to project possible pathways the climate system would follow, decadal predictions also incorporate information on the current climate state through a model initialisation procedure. Forecast quality assessment, which involves comparing hindcasts (retrospective predictions) to past observations to evaluate their degree of agreement, is an essential step to ensure that such predictions are trustable and beneficial for decision-making. Climate hindcasts also allow for applying post-processing techniques such as calibration and downscaling methods, as well as for selecting the best climate information for each specific variable, region and forecast period. This Ph.D. thesis has focused on evaluating the forecast quality of variables and indicators relevant for decision-making in several sectors, with a particular focus on agriculture. The evaluation has been performed globally, for individual models and multi-model ensemble, and different forecast periods to identify windows of opportunity for which the climate predictions show skill to support decision-making. Furthermore, historical forcing simulations (retrospective climate projections) have been used to estimate the impact of initialisation. First, the quality of multi-model forecasts of temperature, precipitation, the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability index (AMV) and Global near-Surface Air Temperature (GSAT) generated from all decadal hindcasts contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were evaluated, finding high skill for predictions of temperature, AMV and GSAT, and limited skill for predictions of precipitation. The multi-model ensemble was also compared to individual forecast systems, finding that the best system for each particular location usually outperforms the multi-model ensemble. However, the multi-model provides higher skill than at least half of the systems. The decadal predictions were also compared to the historical simulations, finding an added value from model initialisation over several ocean and land regions for temperature, and for AMV and GSAT. The full multi-model was compared to a sub-ensemble of predictions generated from forecast systems that provided timely forecasts to assess the impact of the ensemble size in an operational climate services context. Second, the representation and prediction of the Euro-Atlantic weather regimes by the EC-Earth3 model were assessed by identifying the dominating atmospheric circulation patterns in this region. The Euro-Atlantic weather regimes are the positive and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+ and NAO-, respectively), Blocking, and Atlantic Ridge in winter; and the NAO-, Blocking, Atlantic Ridge, and Atlantic Low in summer. The EC-Earth3 correctly represents the spatial patterns and climatological frequencies of all weather regimes. However, the skill in predicting the annual to decadal variations of the weather regimes’ frequency of occurrence is low, and the model initialisation does not improve such prediction skill. Third, the multi-model forecast quality of the CMIP6 decadal hindcasts is evaluated for multi-annual predictions of a set of indices related to the frequency and intensity of daily temperature and precipitation extremes. The multi-model ensemble is skillful in predicting temperature extremes over most land regions, while the quality is lower for precipitation extremes. Comparing the skill with that for mean temperature and precipitation, extremes are predicted with lower skill, especially those related to the most extreme days. Compared to the historical forcing simulations, decadal predictions show only small and region-dependent skill improvements from model initialisation. Finally, this Ph.D. thesis presents the applications of the research within several European projects and a contract with a private company for which prototypes of climate services have been created. For instance, prototypes of forecast products have been developed for the Southern African Development Community region. These prototypes consist of annual[spa] Las variaciones climáticas de uno a diez años impactan a la economía, ecosistemas y sociedad. Anticipar dichas variaciones permite implementar medidas de adaptación y mitigación a consecuencias de un clima variable. La variabilidad decadal está causada tanto por forzamientos externos como por variabilidad interna. Los modelos climáticos permiten estudiar la dinámica y anticipar las variaciones. Mientras que las proyecciones climáticas incorporan forzamientos externos basados en distintos escenarios socioeconómicos, las predicciones decadales también incorporan información del estado actual del sistema climático a través del proceso de inicialización del modelo. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en evaluar la calidad de las predicciones comparándolas con observaciones del pasado con el objetivo de asegurar que son útiles y beneficiosas para la toma de decisiones. Esta evaluación permite identificar variables, regiones y periodos en los cuales la calidad de la información climática se puede utilizar para llevar a cabo decisiones. También, se han aplicado técnicas de postprocesado (calibración, multi-modelo y regionalización) con el fin de mejorar las predicciones y adaptarlas a las necesidades de los usuarios. Las predicciones se han comparado con las simulaciones de forzamiento histórico con el fin de estimar el impacto de la inicialización del modelo en la calidad de las predicciones. La tesis consta de tres publicaciones científicas en peer-reviewed revistas. El primer estudio se centra en la evaluación de predicciones multi-modelo para temperatura, precipitación, Atlantic Multidecadal Variability index (AMV) y temperatura global. También se estima el beneficio del uso del multi-modelo en lugar de modelos individuales, impacto de la inicialización, impacto de calibración, e impacto del número de modelos. El segundo estudio evalúa la representación espacial y predictibilidad temporal de tipos de tiempo europeos (por ejemplo, el bloqueo). El tercer estudio se enfoca a la predicción de extremos climáticos de temperatura y precipitación dada su importancia en la sociedad y sectores vulnerables a las variaciones climáticas. Finalmente, se muestran ejemplos de aplicaciones de la investigación llevada a cabo junto con prototipos de servicios climáticos, con particular enfoque a la agricultura

Inelastic light scattering and the off-resonance approximation

Inelastic (Raman) light scattering intensities for a 42-electron quantum dot under off-resonance conditions and in different spin and angular momentum channels are computed in order to test whether final collective states become the dominant peaks in the process. The results of the calculations set a limit to the spread use of the off-resonant approximation for the theoretical description of Raman processes

Acerca del diezmo y medio diezmo de lo morisco.

Sin resume

La ciudad de Baza y el Libro de Repartimiento después de su conquista (4-Diciembre- 1489)

This article is divided into two parts. In the first, the scenary of the eastern mountains of Granada where the town of Baza stands is described in great detail. The geographical feature of the Penibetica region are pictured as a background to the famous nasrid town. Then in order to offer some concrete information about Baza, a few typical Characteristics of the medieval Towns are given. In the second part of this article, it is presented basic and detailed information about the urban “Repartimiento” in the town of baza after it was conquered by the Catholic Monarchs. The most interesting characteristics of the "Repartimiento" and its contents are analyzed. Diagrams clearly drawn with the goods which were given out in the town; the agricultural surface; the inhabitants and their origins; the privileges and donations and favours granted to noblemen, to the council, and to ecclesiastical instituctions, etc. are included. Finally this article proves the usefulness of the “Libro del Repartimiento” for research in this area. This book, the last in the medieval period, once published will be fundamental en the production of more rigorous and deeper studies of the period

Liberación de cautivos del reino de Granada. Siglo XV.

Sin resume

The Core competencies through Table Tennis

El presente artículo analiza la opinión de los profesores de Educación Física que imparten clases en los colegios públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid sobre las competencias básicas susceptibles de ser trabajadas a través del tenis de mesa y si creen recomendable su utilización en la Educación Primaria. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología inductiva, transversal y de cuantitativa. La población objeto de estudio fue la totalidad de los colegios públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid, siendo los profesores de Educación Física los encargados de facilitar los datos solicitados. Estos datos se obtuvieron utilizando un cuestionario auto administrado con preguntas cerradas de opción múltiple previamente validado por un panel de 5 expertos. Las variables indirectas fueron: el género del profesorado, la edad del profesorado, la experiencia profesional y el tipo de destino. El proceso de la toma de datos supuso un lapso de tiempo de 3 meses, desde mayo de 2015. Se obtuvieron los siguientes datos: sobre una población de 798 colegios, se consiguió una muestra de 276, esto supuso una tasa de respuesta del 34,59%, asumiendo la situación más desfavorable posible (p=q) y un nivel de confianza del 95%, para el total de los 276 cuestionarios cumplimentados, el error máximo fue del ±4,78%. Tras el análisis de los resultados, se apreció la contribución del tenis de mesa a la adquisición de las competencias básicas y al objetivo “k” del Título I, Capítulo II, artículo 17 de objetivos de la Educación Primaria de la LOE modificada por la LOMCE.This article analyzes the views of physical education teachers who teach in public schools of the Community of Madrid on the core competencies that can be worked through table tennis and if they recommended its use in primary education. To do this, we used an inductive, transverse and quantitative methodology. The study population was all the public schools in the Community of Madrid, being the physical education teachers responsible for providing the requested data. These data were obtained using a self-administered with closed multiple choice questions previously validated by a panel of 5 experts questionnaire. Indirect variables were: gender of teachers, teacher age, professional experience and type of school. The process of data collection took 3 months, starting in May 2015. The following data were obtained: of the 798 schools in the Community of Madrid, a sample of 276 was obtained, this resulted in a response rate of 34, 59%, assuming the worst case scenario (p = q) and a confidence level of 95%, for total of 276 completed questionnaires, the maximum error was ± 4.78%. After analyzing the results, the contribution of table tennis appreciated the acquisition of basic skills and the objective "k" of Title I, Chapter II, Article 17 objectives of Primary Education LOE amended by LOMCE&nbsp