Mobilitics: Analyzing Privacy Leaks in Smartphones

International audienceWho, do you think, is aware of almost everything you do? Well, it's probably right there in your pocket, if you own a smartphone and carry it with you. In order to evaluate the actual privacy risks of smartphones and to raise public awareness of these risks, the CNIL (French data protection authority) and the Inria (French public science and technology institution dedicated to computational sciences) Privatics team started working together in 2012 as part of the Mobilitics project

One at a time, live tracking of NGF axonal transport using quantum dots

Retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) signals is critical for the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. However, the mechanisms by which the NGF signal is propagated from the axon terminal to the cell body are yet to be fully elucidated. To gain insight into the mechanisms, we used quantum dot-labeled NGF (QD-NGF) to track the movement of NGF in real time in compartmentalized culture of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Our studies showed that active transport of NGF within the axons was characterized by rapid, unidirectional movements interrupted by frequent pauses. Almost all movements were retrograde, but short-distance anterograde movements were occasionally observed. Surprisingly, quantitative analysis at the single molecule level demonstrated that the majority of NGF-containing endosomes contained only a single NGF dimer. Electron microscopic analysis of axonal vesicles carrying QD-NGF confirmed this finding. The majority of QD-NGF was found to localize in vesicles 50–150 nm in diameter with a single lumen and no visible intralumenal membranous components. Our findings point to the possibility that a single NGF dimer is sufficient to sustain signaling during retrograde axonal transport to the cell body

The most likely time and place of introduction of BTV8 into belgian ruminants

Peer reviewe

Effects of fenofibrate on high and low density lipoprotein metabolism in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

This study investigates the influence of pharmacological doses of fenofibrate on HDL and LDL metabolism in 5 familial hypercholesterolemia heterozygotes. Fenofibrate lowered plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (20%, P < 0.025), triglycerides (37%: P < 0.005) and apolipoprotein B (14%: P < 0.05) but increased apo A-I (20%; P = 0.01). Kinetic studies showed that the drug markedly increased the fractional catabolic rate of LDL-apo B by 59% and its synthetic rate by 36%. Fractional catabolic rate of apo A-I was also increased by 26% but accompanied by a much greater increase of its synthetic rate (49%). Thus the change in balance between catabolism and synthesis of both apoproteins affected by fenofibrate accounts for the observed plasma concentration changes, which may be considered as favourable with regard to the management of atherosclerosis.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of alcohol intake on high and low density lipoprotein metabolism in healthy volunteers

To determine the effect of moderate doses of ethanol on lipoprotein metabolism, the kinetics of [125I]high density apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and [131I]low density Apo B were examined in 9 normal volunteers before and after regular intake of 60-70 g of ethanol/day. Plasma levels of Apo B and Apo A-I were significantly increased but remained in the normal range. Mean synthesis of Apo A-I and B were increased, respectively, from 12.6 and 13.7 mg/kg per day in the absence of ethanol to 18.8 and 17.1 mg/kg/day after 2 wk of ethanol intake. Fractional catabolic rates for Apo A-I and B increased respectively from 0.204 and 0.340 in the period without ethanol to 0.266 and 0.372 after ethanol. These findings indicate that despite rather moderate increase in both Apo plasma levels, ethanol produced profound alterations in their metabolism, namely increased turnovers.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of sialic acid removal on human low density lipoprotein catabolism in vivo

This study was undertaken to determine whether sialic acid removal alters the catabolism of low density lipoprotein in humans. Human low density lipoproteins labeled in vitro with 125I were incubated in the presence (termed desialylated) or absence (sialylated) of neuraminidase. The treatment with neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens removed 90% of the sialic acid residues which did not change the chemical composition of the lipoproteins. Sialylated or desialylated LDL were injected intravenously into normal human subjects. The mathematical analysis of the plasma radioactivity decay curves (followed for 220 h) of desialylated low density lipoproteins, when compared with sialylated LDL, showed a shorter mean transit time (51 h vs 60 h), a 52% faster metabolic catabolic rate and an increased volume of distribution. The data are consistent with a proposed metabolism of low density lipoproteins: in humans, desialylation appears to accelerate the first step of the low density lipoprotein conversion but not to alter its final catabolism.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Isotopic study of ketone body kinetics: Controversy on methodological aspects

SCOPUS: le.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

An analytic pharmacodynamic model for non depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking agents

A pharmacodynamic model for neuromuscular blocking agents (N.M.B.A.) has been elaborated utilizng N.M.B.A. pharmacokinetics as a function generator. The model allows the determination of the ligand receptor relationship and T.H. value in relation to fractional receptor occupation. Data from the literature, experimental results and original clinical observations have been used to test the accuracy and validity of the model.SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

An analytical pharmacodynamic model for nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe