Des produits issus d’animaux terrestres recevant une alimentation enrichie en DHA algal peuvent contribuer à la couverture des besoins en cet acide gras essentiel

Ce travail présente une méthode permettant d’augmenter la consommation en DHA de la population sans accroitre le prélèvement halieutique, grâce à la production de produits provenant d’animaux terrestres nourris avec des aliments contenant du DHA provenant de microalgues de culture et d’ALA provenant du lin extrudé. Après une identification des espèces fixant le DHA en quantité importante (pondeuse, lapins, poulet de chair), des essais réalisés sur ces animaux (21 sur pondeuses, 9 sur lapins, 6 sur poulets de chair) ont permis de déterminer les conditions d’enrichissement en DHA ainsi que les teneurs en cet acide gras que l’on peut atteindre dans ces produits. Ainsi, avec cette alimentation, le contenu en DHA des œufs est de 200 mg / 100 grammes soit 3,5 fois plus qu’un œuf standard; pour le lapin (par exemple, la gigolette), cette valeur est également de 200 mg / 100 grammes soit 10 fois plus qu’une viande de lapin standard; et pour le poulet de chair (par exemple, le blanc) 83 mg / 100 grammes soit 4 fois plus qu’une viande de poulet de chair standard. La plupart de ces produits peuvent alléguer « Riche en oméga 3 » ou « Source d’oméga 3 ». Ces différents aliments peuvent être associés dans des menus permettant d’atteindre les recommandations d’ingestion de DHA sans augmenter la consommation de poisson, améliorant ainsi la santé de la population et celle de la planète dans le respect des habitudes alimentaires.

Effect of cognitive reserve on the association between slow wave sleep and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

Sleep, especially slow wave sleep (SWS), is essential for cognitive functioning and is reduced in aging. The impact of sleep quality on cognition is variable, especially in aging. Cognitive reserve (CR) may be an important modulator of these effects. We aimed at investigating this question to better identify individuals in whom sleep disturbances might have greater behavioral consequences. Polysomnography and neuropsychological assessments were performed in 135 cognitively intact older adults (mean age ± SD: 69.4 ± 3.8y) from the Age-Well randomized controlled trial (baseline data). Two measures of cognitive engagement throughout life were used as CR proxies. Linear regression analyses were performed between the proportion of SWS, and executive function and episodic memory composite scores. Then, interaction analyses between SWS and CR proxies on cognition were conducted to assess the possible impact of CR on these links. SWS was positively associated with episodic memory, but not with executive function. CR proxies modulated the associations between SWS and both executive and episodic memory performance. Specifically, individuals with higher CR were able to maintain cognitive performance despite low amounts of SWS. This study provides the first evidence that CR may protect against the deleterious effects of age-related sleep changes on cognition

Effects of Meditation Training and Non-Native Language Training on Cognition in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Nonpharmacological interventions are a potential strategy to maintain or promote cognitive functioning in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of 18 months' meditation training and 18 months' non-native language training on cognition in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was a secondary analysis of the Age-Well trial, an 18-month, observer-masked, randomized clinical trial with 3 parallel arms. Eligible participants were community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older residing in Caen, France. Participants were enrolled from November 24, 2016, to March 5, 2018, and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to meditation training, non-native language (English) training, or no intervention arms. Final follow-up was completed on February 6, 2020. Data were analyzed between December 2021 and November 2022. INTERVENTIONS: The 18-month meditation and non-native language training interventions were structurally equivalent and included 2-hour weekly group sessions, daily home practice of 20 minutes or longer, and 1 day of more intensive home practice. The no intervention group was instructed not to change their habits and to continue living as usual. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cognition (a prespecified secondary outcome of the Age-Well trial) was assessed preintervention and postintervention via the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite 5 (PACC5), and composites assessing episodic memory, executive function, and attention. RESULTS: Among 137 randomized participants, 2 were excluded for not meeting eligibility criteria, leaving 135 (mean [SD] age, 69.3 [3.8] years; 83 female [61%]) eligible for analysis. One participant among the remaining 135 did not complete the trial. In adjusted mixed effects models, no interaction effects were observed between visit and group for PACC5 (F2,131.39 = 2.58; P = .08), episodic memory (F2,131.60 = 2.34; P = .10), executive function (F2,131.26 = 0.89; P = .41), or attention (F2,131.20 = 0.34; P = .79). Results remained substantively unchanged across sensitivity and exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this secondary analysis of an 18-month randomized trial, meditation and non-native language training did not confer salutary cognitive effects. Although further analyses are needed to explore the effects of these interventions on other relevant outcomes related to aging and well-being, these findings did not support the use of these interventions for enhancing cognition in cognitively healthy older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819

Exposure to negative socio-emotional events induces sustained alteration of resting-state brain networks in older adults

Basic emotional functions seem well preserved in older adults. However, their reactivity to and recovery from socially negative events remain poorly characterized. To address this, we designed a ‘task–rest’ paradigm in which 182 participants from two independent experiments underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while exposed to socio-emotional videos. Experiment 1 (N = 55) validated the task in young and older participants and unveiled age-dependent effects on brain activity and connectivity that predominated in resting periods after (rather than during) negative social scenes. Crucially, emotional elicitation potentiated subsequent resting-state connectivity between default mode network and amygdala exclusively in older adults. Experiment 2 replicated these results in a large older adult cohort (N = 127) and additionally showed that emotion-driven changes in posterior default mode network–amygdala connectivity were associated with anxiety, rumination and negative thoughts. These findings uncover the neural dynamics of empathy-related functions in older adults and help understand its relationship to poor social stress recovery

Effects of a mindfulness-based versus a health self-management intervention on objective cognitive performance in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): a secondary analysis of the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial.

peer reviewedBACKGROUND: Older individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) perceive that their cognition has declined but do not show objective impairment on neuropsychological tests. Individuals with SCD are at elevated risk of objective cognitive decline and incident dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions (including mindfulness-based and health self-management approaches) are a potential strategy to maintain or improve cognition in SCD, which may ultimately reduce dementia risk. METHODS: This study utilized data from the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial. One hundred forty-seven older adults with SCD (MAge = 72.7 years; 64% female) were recruited from memory clinics in four European countries and randomized to one of two group-based, 8-week interventions: a Caring Mindfulness-based Approach for Seniors (CMBAS) or a health self-management program (HSMP). Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and at 6-month follow-up (week 24) using a range of cognitive tests. From these tests, three composites were derived-an "abridged" Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite 5 (PACC5Abridged), an attention composite, and an executive function composite. Both per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Linear mixed models evaluated the change in outcomes between and within arms and adjusted for covariates and cognitive retest effects. Sensitivity models repeated the per-protocol analyses for participants who attended ≥ 4 intervention sessions. RESULTS: Across all cognitive composites, there were no significant time-by-trial arm interactions and no measurable cognitive retest effects; sensitivity analyses supported these results. Improvements, however, were observed within both trial arms on the PACC5Abridged from baseline to follow-up (Δ [95% confidence interval]: CMBAS = 0.34 [0.19, 0.48]; HSMP = 0.30 [0.15, 0.44]). There was weaker evidence of an improvement in attention but no effects on executive function. CONCLUSIONS: Two non-pharmacological interventions conferred small, non-differing improvements to a global cognitive composite sensitive to amyloid-beta-related decline. There was weaker evidence of an effect on attention, and no evidence of an effect on executive function. Importantly, observed improvements were maintained beyond the end of the interventions. Improving cognition is an important step toward dementia prevention, and future research is needed to delineate the mechanisms of action of these interventions and to utilize clinical endpoints (i.e., progression to mild cognitive impairment or dementia). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03005652

La richesse du clip vidéo : réemplois et reprises

Being entertaining as well as fascinating and with a strong aesthetic value, the video clip presents a hybrid format, somewhere between useful advertising and pure cinematographic aesthetics. The clip appears as an art in itself which found inspiration from a wide range of influences in order to create its own balance and language. As such its quite singular content is very recognizable. This thesis focuses on the different kinds of inspirations that have been able to impact and nurture the video clip: what inspirations, what references and, therefore, what Reapply and Retake ?À la fois distrayant, captivant, et à forte valeur esthétique, le clip vidéo se constitue comme un format hybride, entre utilité publicitaire et esthétique cinématographique. Le clip apparaît comme un art en marge qui s’est inspiré de différentes formes pour se former son équilibre et son propre langage. Il propose ainsi un contenu singulier très reconnaissable. Ce mémoire porte sur les différents genres d’inspirations qui ont su impacter et nourrir le clip vidéo : quelles inspirations, quelles références et, par-là, quels Réemplois et Reprises

NeuroAddiCT

NeuroAddiCT (Neuropsychology of Addictions in Therapeutic Communities) is a longitudinal research project conducted in addiction Therapeutic Communities (TCs). The main aim is exploring the efficacy of a neuropsychological approach in TCs on the relapse rate and social-professional insertion of the residents welcome in these institutions

A specific gait profile under dual-task condition in injured older fallers

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De la neuropsychologie expérimentale à la clinique : le projet NeuroAddiCT

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