Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma:A literature review

First reported in 1976, hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare mesenchymal liver tumor occurring mostly in middle-aged women. Diagnosis of the liver mass is often incidental on abdominal imaging due to the frequent absence of specific symptoms. Nearly 10% of HAMLs are associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. HAML contains variable proportions of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells and adipose tissue, which renders radiological diagnosis hazardous. Cells express positivity for HMB-45 and actin, thus these tumors are integrated into the group of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors. Typically, a HAML appears on magnetic resonance imaging (or computed tomography scan) as a hypervascular solid tumor with fatty areas and with washout, and can easily be misdiagnosed as other liver tumors, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapeutic strategy is not clearly defined, but surgical resection is indicated for symptomatic patients, for tumors showing an aggressive pattern (i.e., changes in size on imaging or high proliferation activity and atypical epithelioid pattern on liver biopsy), for large (> 5 cm) biopsy-proven HAML, and if doubts remain on imaging or histology. Conservative management may be justified in other conditions, since most cases follow a benign clinical course. In summary, the correct diagnosis of HAML is challenging on imaging and relies mainly on pathological findings

Segmentation d'images scanner X du foie par Max-Flow/Min-Cut

Dans le contexte d'une application médicale spécifique, le traitement mini-invasif des cancers primitifs du foie par ultrasons à haute intensités, notre étude porte sur une méthode de segmentation 3D semi-automatique rapide qui permet d'isoler le foie et les différents réseaux vasculaires hépatiques à partir de volumes acquis en scanner X. Cette méthode est caractérisée par une description du volume sous la forme d'un graphe où les poids des liens entre noeuds décrivent soit des degrés de similarité entre voxels de la même classe (approche région), soit des degrés de discontinuité d'un voxel par rapport à un voisin (approche contours). Ces différents poids sont définis après une première phase d'apprentissage interactive. L'algorithme de Max-Flow/Min-Cut est ensuite utilisé pour partitionner le volume en deux sous-ensembles représentatifs des classes

The northern exposure sign

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Altération de l’état général, hyperéosinophilie et images nodulaires hépatiques très particulières

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Fast simulation of ultrasound images from a CT volume.

International audienceThe goal of our work is to propose a fast ultrasound image simulation from CT volumes. This method is based on a model elaborated by Bamber and Dickinson that predict the appearance and properties of a B-Scan ultrasound image from the distribution of point scatterers. We propose to extend this model for the standard medical ultrasound image simulation by taking into account the acoustical tissue properties (scatterer distribution) and the geometry and the specifications of the ultrasound probe (circular probe, number and size of transducers, US pulse frequency and bandwidth, etc.). Simulations have been obtained in a fairly fast computation speed and qualitatively they present most of the real ultrasound image characteristics

Transient portal venous gas associated with reversible non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia:A case report

Objectives: To report the utility of abdominal ultrasonography (US) to identify the presence of portal venous gas (PVG) during non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), and to follow the disappearance of portal venous gas after resolution of the NOMI. Data sources: This was a clinical observation of a patient, with images of abdominal computed tomography (CT), and a video of portal venous gas identified by ultrasonography. Data synthesis: We describe the case of an adult patient admitted to our ICU for NOMI developing 48 h after cardiac surgery. Medical intensive care associated with jejunal resection and vacuum-assisted closure led to rapid recovery. Three weeks later, the patient presented acute pulmonary edema, and developed a new episode of NOMI that was suspected by identification of PVG on US, and then confirmed on abdominal CT. The patient rapidly improved after orotracheal intubation and treatment of pulmonary edema. A second US performed 9 h later showed disappearance of PVG. The laparotomy performed 10 h after the first US did not find evidence of small bowel or colon ischemia. The postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusions: US is a useful tool for the detection of PVG in critically ill patients, prompting suspicion of AMI. PVG can be observed at the early phase of AMI, even before irreversible transmural gut ischemia; transient PVG that disappears rapidly (within several hours) may suggest resolution of the NOMI

Un abcès amibien par procuration

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Foie et maladies parasitaires

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Graph cut liver segmentation for interstitial ultrasound therapy

International audienceWithin a specific medical application, the primary liver cancer curative treatment by a percutaneous high intensity ultrasound surgery, our study was designed to propose a fast 3D semi-automatic segmentation method of the liver, the tumor and the hepatic vascular networks. This method is characterized by a graph description of contrast medium injected CT volume where the links between the nodes describe either the degrees of similarity between voxels of the same class (region based approach) or the class changes between two neighboring voxels (boundary based approaches). The various weights describing these two properties are defined after a first interactive training phase. A Max-Flow/Min-Cut graph cut algorithm allowed partitioning the volume in two representative subsets of the segmented classes

Ab Initio Study of Azomethine Derivative Cancer Drug on Boron Nitride and Graphene Nanoflakes

International audienceOne of the main steps to realize targeted treatment is to build up effective target drug delivery nanosystems. Herein we present theoretical results, based on density functional theory, which demon-strate the potentiality of functionalization of perfect 2D nanomaterials (i.e., graphene and boron nitride nanoflakes) with anticancer mole-cule. Our first observations have confirmed that a perfect nanoflake blocked any chemical reaction onto them and could only transport physically active drug. Moreover, on defective surface, the resulting chemical attachment of an azomethine plus subsequent drug (like an anticancer Pt(IV) complex as cisplatin molecule) onto these ma-terials via a cycloaddition process show the formation of a five mem-bered ring. Moreover, the electronic activity and the structure of the drug are conserved in the most stable configuration, which means that the drug could delivered through this platform according to a supplementary target ligand