Atmospheric pollution in the ten most populated US cities. Evidence of persistence

The degree of persistence in daily PM25 and O3 in the ten most populated US cities, namely New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas and San Jose is examined in this work. We employ a methodology based on fractional integration, using the order of integration as a measure of the degree of persistence. Using data for the time period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, our results indicate that fractional integration and long memory features are both present in all the examined cases, with the integration order of the series being constrained in the (0, 1) interval. Based on this, the estimation of the coefficients for the time trend produces results which are substantially different from those obtained under the I(0) assumption

Measuring Persistence in the US Equity Gender Diversity Index

An analysis of the SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF using fractional integration or I(d) techniques and daily data from 8 March 2016 to 8 January 2021, reveals that the series is highly persistent with an order of integration smaller than, though very close to 1. However, when estimating d recursively across subsamples, two peaks can be observed. The first peak appears in the sample with 679 observations (ending at 26 December 2018) and the second one occurs in the sample with 974 observations and ending at 28 February 2020, which shows the most significant change in d, moving from values within the I(1) interval to values significantly above 1. The findings indicate that the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the persistence of the SPDR SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF, increasing its magnitude and thus the level of persistence

Persistence in UK historical data on life expectancy

This paper provides estimates of persistence in historical UK data on life expectancy applying fractional integration methods to both an annual series from 1842 to 2019 and a 5-year average from 1543 to 2019. This method is the most appropriate for our purposes since it is more general and fexible than the classical methods based on integer diferentiation. The results indicate that the former exhibits an upward trend and is persistent but mean reverting; the same holds for the latter, though its degree of persistence is higher. Similar results are obtained for the logged values. On the whole, this evidence suggests that the efects of shocks to the series are transitory though persistent, which is useful information for policy makers whose task is to take appropriate measures to increase life expectancy

Peculiarities in the behavior of the entropy diameter for molecular liquids as the reflection of molecular rotations and the excluded volume effects

The behavior of the diameter of the coexistence curve in terms of the entropy and the corresponding diameter are investigated. It is shown that the diameter of the coexistence curve in term of the entropy is sensitive to the change in the character of the rotational motion of the molecule in liquid phase which is governed by the short range correlations. The model of the compressible effective volume is proposed to describe the phase coexistence both in terms of the density and the entropy.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, 3 Table

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Reconstruction of events recorded with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby inducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, they are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles less than 60o using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector stations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions of the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers

Plant peroxisomes and their metabolism of ROS, RNS, and RSS

Edited by Cánovas F.M., Lüttge U., Risueño MC., Pretzsch H.Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles with a single membrane and devoid of DNA, with an essentially oxidative type of metabolism, and are probably the major loci of intracellular H2O2 production. A general property of peroxisomes is that they contain as basic enzymatic constituents catalase and hydrogen peroxide-producing flavin oxidases and that carry out the fatty acid ß-oxidation, but in recent years, it has been established that peroxisomes are involved in a range of important cellular functions in nearly all eukaryotic cells. Research developed in the last 30 years has indicated the existence of cellular functions of peroxisomes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), like H2O2, superoxide radicals (O2·−), singlet oxygen, etc., and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), like nitric oxide (NO) and other thereof derived compounds, and a function for peroxisomes as important centers of the cellular signaling apparatus has been postulated. More recently, evidence has been obtained suggesting new roles of peroxisomes involving reactive sulfur species (RSS), sulfur compounds with different higher oxidation states. In this review, the generation and/or metabolism of ROS, RNS, and RSS in peroxisomes and its regulation, as well as the different antioxidant systems present in these organelles, will be analyzed in the context of distinct ROS-, RNS-, and RSS-mediated functions of plant peroxisomes that can be involved in the metabolism of plant cells under both physiological and stress conditions

eLetter: Production of antibiotics by another Pseudomonas species (Pseudomonas reptilivora)

The paper by Patteson et al, titled ¿Biosynthesis of fluopsin C, a copper-containing antibiotic from Pseudomonas aeruginosa", recently published in Science [374, 1005-1009 (2021)] is an important contribution on the biosynthesis of antibiotic fluopsin C from Ps. aeruginosa, but the paper does not mention significant work carried out in our lab 50 years ago, published in 1972 and 1976, on production of antibiotics, including fluopsin C, by another Pseudomonas species (Pseudomonas reptilivora)