Los restos óseos humanos procedentes de la Cueva de Pedro Fernández (Estremera, Madrid, III y II milenio a.C.)

Trabajo fin de máster en Antropología Física: Evolución y Biodiversidad HumanasEl presente trabajo surge a raíz de la carencia absoluta de estudios sobre los restos óseos humanos encontrados en la cueva de Pedro Fernández de Estremera (Madrid). Se trata de un análisis descriptivo e inédito, en el cual se busca conocer de la manera más completa posible el perfil biológico de los individuos que allí se han hallado. Esta cueva se encuentra en el extremo suroriental de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid y la cronología del yacimiento data en su mayoría de la Edad de Bronce, si bien es verdad que también hay materiales anteriores que podrían corresponder al IV milenio (Neolítico) y III milenio (Calcolítico). Además, por sus características, que a lo largo del estudio se analizarán, creemos que se trata de un yacimiento de mucha importancia para el estudio de la Edad de Bronce en la Meseta. Pese a que la principal limitación del estudio es el bajo número de restos óseos humanos presentes en la colección (la mayor parte de lo que se encontró en la cueva quedó en ella), creemos que este proyecto es de vital importancia para el conocimiento de las poblaciones del pasado que hicieron uso del lugar. Se ha de destacar que junto a estos restos aparecen continuamente en la cueva restos de fauna y de industria lítica, ósea y cerámic

Relación entre la morfología y la función peritoneal en pacientes tratados con diálisis peritoneal con soluciones convencionales: análisis del impacto que tienen la duración de la técnicas y el uso de soluciones más biocompatibles

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 30-10-201

The housing supply and demand mismatch and its relationship with house prices

Rationale Analysis of recent housing supply and demand trends, and of the factors contributing to them, is extremely useful to detect the emergence or existence of imbalances in the housing market, which is characterised by long lead times for house building. Takeaways •After the initial impact of the pandemic, the recovery in demand for owner-occupied housing nationwide has outpaced the recovery in supply, which is less flexible in the short term. This has led to a certain mismatch between supply and demand and to upward pressures on house prices. •In recent years, there has also been a widespread supply shortage at the regional level. The prices of owner-occupied housing have risen more in regions where housing has been in relatively shorter supply. •Although the cost of credit has risen, house prices will foreseeably continue to show greater downward stickiness, in nominal terms, than residential housing market variables such as house sales or building permits, owing to the dearth of new construction work, the high costs of building materials and the favourable financial situation of the different housing market agents

Measurement of the energy response of the ATLAS calorimeter to charged pions from W±→ τ±(→ π±ντ) ντ events in Run 2 data

The energy response of the ATLAS calorimeter is measured for single charged pions with transverse momentum in the range 10 < pT< 300 GeV. The measurement is performed using 139 fb - 1 of LHC proton–proton collision data at s=13 TeV taken in Run 2 by the ATLAS detector. Charged pions originating from τ-lepton decays are used to provide a sample of high-pT isolated particles, where the composition is known, to test an energy regime that has not previously been probed by in situ single-particle measurements. The calorimeter response to single-pions is observed to be overestimated by ∼ 2 % across a large part of the pT spectrum in the central region and underestimated by ∼ 4 % in the endcaps in the ATLAS simulation. The uncertainties in the measurements are ≲ 1 % for 15 < pT< 185 GeV in the central region. To investigate the source of the discrepancies, the width of the distribution of the ratio of calorimeter energy to track momentum, the energies per layer and response in the hadronic calorimeter are also compared between data and simulatio

TFEA.ChIP: A tool kit for transcription factor binding site enrichment analysis capitalizing on ChIP-seq datasets

This article has been accepted for publication in Bioinformatics Published by Oxford University PressThe identification of transcription factors (TFs) responsible for the co-regulation of specific sets of genes is a common problem in transcriptomics. Herein we describe TFEA.ChIP, a tool to estimate and visualize TF enrichment in gene lists representing transcriptional profiles. To generate the gene sets representing TF targets, we gathered ChIP-Seq experiments from the ENCODE Consortium and GEO datasets and used the correlation between Dnase Hypersensitive Sites across cell lines to generate a database linking TFs with the genes they interact with in each ChIP-Seq experiment. In its current state, TFEA.ChIP covers 327 different transcription factors from 1075 ChIP-Seq experiments, with over 150 cell types being represented. TFEA.ChIP accepts gene sets as well as sorted lists differentially expressed genes to compute enrichment scores for each of the datasets in its internal database using an Fisher's exact association test or a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. We validated TFEA.ChIP using a wide variety of gene sets representing signatures of genetic and chemical perturbations as input and found that the relevant TF was correctly identified in 103 of a total of 144 analyzed datasets with a median area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86. In depth analysis of an RNAseq dataset, illustrates that the use of ChIP-Seq data instead of PWM-based provides key biological context to interpret the results of the analysis. To facilitate its integration into transcriptome analysis pipelines and allow easy expansion and customization of the TF-gene database, we implemented TFEA.ChIP as an R package that can be downloaded from Bioconductor: https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/TFEA.ChIP.html and github: https://github.com/LauraPS1/TFEA-drafts In addition, make it available to a wide range of researches, we have also developed a web application that runs the package from the server side and enables easy exploratory analysis through interactive graphs: https://www.iib.uam.es/TFEA.ChIP/This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN) [SAF2014-53819-R to Ldel P, SAF2017-88771-R to L del P] by Fundacion Caja Madrid (Beca de Movilidad para Profesores de las Universidades Publicas de Madrid 2011-2012 to LPO

A yeast three-hybrid system that reconstitutes mammalian hypoxia inducible factor regulatory machinery

Background: Several human pathologies, including neoplasia and ischemic cardiovascular diseases, course with an unbalance between oxygen supply and demand ( hypoxia). Cells within hypoxic regions respond with the induction of a specific genetic program, under the control of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), that mediates their adaptation to the lack of oxygen. The activity of HIF is mainly regulated by the EGL-nine homolog (EGLN) enzymes that hydroxylate the alpha subunit of this transcription factor in an oxygen-dependent reaction. Hydroxylated HIF is then recognized and ubiquitinilated by the product of the tumor suppressor gene, pVHL, leading to its proteosomal degradation. Under hypoxia, the hydroxylation of HIF by the EGLNs is compromised due to the lack of oxygen, which is a reaction cosubstrate. Thus, HIF escapes degradation and drives the transcription of its target genes. Since the progression of the aforementioned pathologies might be influenced by activation of HIF-target genes, development of small molecules with the ability to interfere with the HIF-regulatory machinery is of great interest.Results: Herein we describe a yeast three-hybrid system that reconstitutes mammalian HIF regulation by the EGLNs and VHL. In this system, yeast growth, under specific nutrient restrictions, is driven by the interaction between the beta domain of VHL and a hydroxyproline-containing HIF alpha peptide. In turn, this interaction is strictly dependent on EGLN activity that hydroxylates the HIFa peptide. Importantly, this system accurately preserves the specificity of the hydroxylation reaction toward specific substrates. We propose that this system, in combination with a matched control, can be used as a simple and inexpensive assay to identify molecules that specifically modulate EGLN activity. As a proof of principle we show that two known EGLN inhibitors, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) and 6-chlor-3-hydroxychinolin-2-carbonic acid-N-carboxymethylamide (S956711), have a profound and specific effect on the yeast HIF/EGLN/VHL system.Conclusion: The system described in this work accurately reconstitutes HIF regulation while preserving EGLN substrate specificity. Thus, it is a valuable tool to study HIF regulation, and particularly EGLN biochemistry, in a cellular context. In addition, we demonstrate that this system can be used to identify specific inhibitors of the EGLN enzymes

HiggsToFourLeptonsEV in the ATLAS EventView Analysis Framework

ATLAS is one of the four experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. This experiment has been designed to study a large range of physics topics, including searches for previously unobserved phenomena such as the Higgs Boson and super-symmetry. The physics analysis package HiggsToFourLeptonsEV for the Standard Model (SM) Higgs to four leptons channel with ATLAS is presented. The physics goal is to investigate with the ATLAS detector, the SM Higgs boson discovery potential through its observation in the four-lepton (electron and muon) final state. HiggsToFourLeptonsEV is based on the official ATLAS software ATHENA and the EventView (EV) analysis framework. EventView is a highly flexible and modular analysis framework in ATHENA and it is one of several analysis schemes for ATLAS physics user analysis. At the core of the EventView is the representative "view" of an event, which defines the contents of event data suitable for event-level physics analysis. The HiggsToFourLeptonsEV package, presented in this paper, prepares the data for the given analysis context on the Analysis Object Data (AOD) files, the event-level physics analysis is performed and finally the output information is written as an Ntuple which can be read in stand-alone ROOT. This paper describes the HiggsToFourLeptonsEV package and its structure as a collection of EVTools and EVModules. It also presents some illustrative results from the SM Higgs baseline analysis, like the SM Higgs into four-lepton mass reconstruction for a nominal Higgs mass of 130 GeV. The lepton reconstruction performance as well as the SM Higgs to four leptons analysis performance is studied in detail, in particular the dependence on kinematics, lepton reconstruction algorithms, isolation cuts and Higgs masses. Finally the paper discusses plans to adapt the code in order to produce Derived Physics Data (DPD) in POOL format which can be read in ROOT or ATHENA, thus following the ATLAS analysis model recommendations

ERK5 Is a Major Determinant of Chemical Sarcomagenesis: Implications in Human Pathology

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors in which the role of ERK5 is poorly studied. To clarify the role of this MAPK in sarcomatous pathology, we used a murine 3-methyl-cholanthrene (3MC)-induced sarcoma model. Our data show that 3MC induces pleomorphic sarcomas with muscle differentiation, showing an increased expression of ERK5. Indeed, this upregulation was also observed in human sarcomas of muscular origin, such as leiomyosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. Moreover, in cell lines derived from these 3MC-induced tumors, abrogation of Mapk7 expression by using specific shRNAs decreased in vitro growth and colony-forming capacity and led to a marked loss of tumor growth in vivo. In fact, transcriptomic profiling in ERK5 abrogated cell lines by RNAseq showed a deregulated gene expression pattern for key biological processes such as angiogenesis, migration, motility, etc., correlating with a better prognostic in human pathology. Finally, among the various differentially expressed genes, Klf2 is a key mediator of the biological effects of ERK5 as indicated by its specific interference, demonstrating that the ERK5–KLF2 axis is an important determinant of sarcoma biology that should be further studied in human pathology.This work has been supported with Grant RTI2018-094093-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “ERDF A way of making Europe” to RSP. Also supported with funds from Fundación Leticia Castillejo Castillo, Roche España and ACEPAIN to RSP and MJRH. RSP and MJRH’s Research Institute and the work carried out in their laboratory, received partial support from the European Community through the FEDER. JJ and EAL hold a predoctoral research contract cofounded by the European Social Fund and UCLM. OR holds a contract for accessing the Spanish System of Science, Technology, and Innovation (SECTI) funded by the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) and received partial support from the European Social Fund (FSE) through its Operative Program for Castilla-La Mancha (2007–2013

Vivències climàtiques

“Vivències climàtiques” quiere introducir una preocupación que surge de una cuestión interna adiente a los tiempos que corren. “Durante 50 años, los antibióticos, las vacunas y el petróleo nos han mantenido al margen de nuestra condición natural. Gracias a ello hemos podido despreocuparnos de la materialidad de nuestra existencia, pero la pandemia del coronavirus y el calentamiento climático están provocando un “desconcertante retorno de lo real que obliga a reconsiderar nuestra relación con el entorno”(1) Rahm, Philippe, Llibre: Escritos climàticos, Capítol: El Coronavirus o la vuelta a la normalidad. Pàgina 85. 2021 Lo que es importante exponer como incio de este trabajo y es lo que intentaré abordar a lo largo de éste, es que lo que amenaza nuestra supervivencia como especie, es nuestro grado de relación, de interracción y de percepción de nuestro entorno. En consecuencia, lo que estamos viviendo a día de hoy en todos los países del mundo: sequías, contaminación atmosférica, lluvias cada vez más intensas, subida del nivel del mar, inundaciones, temperaturas cada vez más extremas,...ya sea en intensidades más o menos altas, acaba siendo: un reflejo de nuestra incapacidad en crear un vínculo directo con el clima."Vivències climàtiques" vol introduir una preocupació que sorgeix d’una qüestió interna adient als temps que corren. “Durante 50 años, los antibióticos, las vacunas y el petróleo nos han mantenido al margen de nuestra condición natural. Gracias a ello, hemos podido despreocuparnos de la materialidad de nuestra existencia, pero la pandemia del coronavirus y el calentamiento climático están provocando un desconcertante retorno de lo real que obliga a reconsiderar nuestra relación con el entorno” (1) Rahm, Philippe, Llibre: Escritos climàticos, Capítol: El Coronavirus o la vuelta a la normalidad. Pàgina 85. 2021 El que és important exposar com a inici d’aquest treball i és el que intentaré abordar al llarg d’aquest, és que, el que amenaça la nostra supervivència com a espècie, és el nostre grau de relació, d’interacció i de percepció del nostre entorn. De tal manera que el que estem vivint avui dia en tots els països del món: sequeres, contaminació atmosfèrica, pluges cada cop més intenses, pujada del nivell del mar, inundacions, temperatures cada cop més extremes,...ja sigui amb intensitats més o menys altes, acaba sent: un reflex de la nostra incapacitat en crear un vincle directe amb el clima.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima::13.3 - Millorar l’educació, la conscienciació i la capacitat humana i institucional en relació amb la mitigació del canvi climàtic, l’adaptació a aquest, la reducció dels efectes i l’alerta primerenc

Estrategias digitales del marketing de influencia y los instagramers como ejemplo de modelo eficaz de campañas publicitarias

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado constituye una investigación acerca del marketing con influencers en la red social Instagram, identificando sus procesos y estrategias propias. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica previa en la que se han expuesto las conclusiones de estudios precedentes centrados en objetivos similares, determinando cómo para las marcas resulta fundamental optar por influencers con los que su público objetivo pueda sentirse identificado, siendo un rasgo clave a la hora de trazar estrategias publicitarias dirigidas a un segmento de consumidores más joven. Tras el estudio propio llevado a término, consistente en analizar la actividad en Instagram de los cuatro influencers hombres y cuatro mujeres del ámbito fashion con mayor volumen de seguidores, se ha podido apreciar cómo la mayoría de las publicaciones de estos en la red social revisten un contenido publicitario. Igualmente, se ha constatado la existencia de algunas diferencias notables en función del género de los influencers: mientras que, en el caso de ellos, el reel es el tipo de publicidad más empleada, en el de ellas predominan las stories. Más significativo aún, en la medida en que conecta con las estrategias que se plantean en función de su público objetivo, resulta el hecho de que ellas sean mucho más proclives a tipos de contenido como la presentación con recursos gráficos, mientras que ellos optan por elementos como el Product Placement Pasivo o el Branded Content.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública