80 research outputs found
Unveiling the relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of prophylactic medications for migraine: pairwise and network-meta analysis
Ranking of migraine interventions using SUCRA values. (DOCX 17 kb
Efficient Residual Dense Block Search for Image Super-Resolution
Although remarkable progress has been made on single image super-resolution
due to the revival of deep convolutional neural networks, deep learning methods
are confronted with the challenges of computation and memory consumption in
practice, especially for mobile devices. Focusing on this issue, we propose an
efficient residual dense block search algorithm with multiple objectives to
hunt for fast, lightweight and accurate networks for image super-resolution.
Firstly, to accelerate super-resolution network, we exploit the variation of
feature scale adequately with the proposed efficient residual dense blocks. In
the proposed evolutionary algorithm, the locations of pooling and upsampling
operator are searched automatically. Secondly, network architecture is evolved
with the guidance of block credits to acquire accurate super-resolution
network. The block credit reflects the effect of current block and is earned
during model evaluation process. It guides the evolution by weighing the
sampling probability of mutation to favor admirable blocks. Extensive
experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed searching
method and the found efficient super-resolution models achieve better
performance than the state-of-the-art methods with limited number of parameters
and FLOPs
Towards Automated Neural Interaction Discovery for Click-Through Rate Prediction
Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is one of the most important machine
learning tasks in recommender systems, driving personalized experience for
billions of consumers. Neural architecture search (NAS), as an emerging field,
has demonstrated its capabilities in discovering powerful neural network
architectures, which motivates us to explore its potential for CTR predictions.
Due to 1) diverse unstructured feature interactions, 2) heterogeneous feature
space, and 3) high data volume and intrinsic data randomness, it is challenging
to construct, search, and compare different architectures effectively for
recommendation models. To address these challenges, we propose an automated
interaction architecture discovering framework for CTR prediction named
AutoCTR. Via modularizing simple yet representative interactions as virtual
building blocks and wiring them into a space of direct acyclic graphs, AutoCTR
performs evolutionary architecture exploration with learning-to-rank guidance
at the architecture level and achieves acceleration using low-fidelity model.
Empirical analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of AutoCTR on different
datasets comparing to human-crafted architectures. The discovered architecture
also enjoys generalizability and transferability among different datasets
Tomato LysM Receptor-Like Kinase SlLYK12 Is Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi (Glomeromycota), which improves the supply of water and nutrients to host plants. AM symbiosis is set in motion by fungal chitooligosaccharides and lipochitooligosaccharides, which are perceived by plant-specific LysM-type receptor kinases (LYK). In rice this involves OsCERK1, a LYK also essential for chitin triggered innate immunity. In contrast in legumes, the CERK1 homologous gene experienced duplication events resulting in subfunctionalization. However, it remains unknown whether this subfunctionalization is legume-specific, or has occurred also in other dicot plant species. We identified four CERK1 homologs in tomato (SlLYK1, SlLYK11, SlLYK12, and SlLYK13) and investigated their roles in chitin signaling and AM symbiosis. We found that knockdown of SlLYK12 in tomato significantly reduced AM colonization, whereas chitin-induced responses were unaffected. In contrast, knockdown of SlLYK1 resulted in reduced responses to chitin, but did not alter responses to AM fungi. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of SlLYK1 and SlLYK13 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death, whereas SlLYK12 overexpression did not. Based on our results and comparison with rice OsCERK1, we hypothesize that OsCERK1 orthologs in tomato underwent gene duplication, leading to the subfunctionalization of immunity and symbiosis
Impacts of climate change on Tibetan lakes: patterns and processes
High-altitude inland-drainage lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the earth’s third pole, are very sensitive to climate change. Tibetan lakes are important natural resources with important religious, historical, and cultural significance. However, the spatial patterns and processes controlling the impacts of climate and associated changes on Tibetan lakes are largely unknown. This study used long time series and multi-temporal Landsat imagery to map the patterns of Tibetan lakes and glaciers in 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2014, and further to assess the spatiotemporal changes of lakes and glaciers in 17 TP watersheds between 1977 and 2014. Spatially variable changes in lake and glacier area as well as climatic factors were analyzed. We identified four modes of lake change in response to climate and associated changes. Lake expansion was predominantly attributed to increased precipitation and glacier melting, whereas lake shrinkage was a main consequence of a drier climate or permafrost degradation. These findings shed new light on the impacts of recent environmental changes on Tibetan lakes. They suggest that protecting these high-altitude lakes in the face of further environmental change will require spatially variable policies and management measures
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) protects mouse liver against D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt pathways
FGF21 is recently discovered with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the potential protective effect of FGF21 against D-gal-induced injury in the liver has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological role of FGF21 on hepatic oxidative injury and apoptosis in mice induced by D-gal. The 3-month-old Kunming mice were subcutaneously injected with D-gal (180 mg kg(-1) d(1)) for 8 weeks and administered simultaneously with FGF21 (5 or 1 mg kg(-1) d(1)). Our results showed that the administration of FGF21 significantly alleviated histological lesion including structure damage, degeneration, and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by D-gal, and attenuated the elevation of liver injury markers, serum AST, and ALP in a dosedependent manner. FGF21 treatment also suppressed D-galinduced profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the MDA level and depletion of the intracellular GSH level in the liver, and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Moreover, FGF21 treatment increased the nuclear abundance of Nrf2 and subsequent up regulation of several antioxidant genes. Furthermore, a TUNEL assay showed that D-gal-induced apoptosis in the mouse liver was significantly inhibited by FGF21. The expression of caspase-3 was markedly inhibited by the treatment of FGF21 in the liver of D-gal-treated mice. The levels of PI3K and PBK/Akt were also largely enhanced, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events, restoring the balance between pro-and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the liver of D-gal-treated mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that FGF21 protects the mouse liver against D-gal-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress via enhancing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity and apoptosis via activating PI3K/Akt pathway
- …