A report about a rare case of tail gut cyst (TGC) in a 90-year-old man with sacrum ulceration

مقدمه: تیلگات کیست (Tailgut cyst=TGC) یک ضایعه کیستیک غیر شایع با منشا بقایای رودهPostnatal است که در فضای خلف رکتوم ایجاد می گردد. گزارش مورد: آقای 90 ساله اهل میناب با شکایت زخم در ناحیه ساکروم در مرکز آموزشی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد پذیرش شد. بیمار در گرفتن شرح حال همکاری لازم را نداشت. بعد از انجام آزمایشات معمول، بیمار تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفت و ناحیه مربوطه از نظر ترشحات تخلیه و ترمیم شد و طی عمل جراحی به توده ای در ناحیه ساکروم برخورد گردید، بعد از برش کامل و خارج کردن آن در بررسی آسیب شناسیTGC تشخیص داده شد. نتیجه گیری: با اینکه بروز بدخیمی در تیلگات کیست نادر است ولی باید در تشخیص افتراقی، تمام تومورهای خلف رکتوم به ویژه در زنان میانسال مورد توجه قرار گیرد

Putrescine and IBA enhanced the adventitious root formation in Damask rose (Rosa × damascena Mill.) under in vivo and in vitro conditions

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Putrescine and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on the adventitious rooting of micro-cuttings and semi-hardwood cutting of Rosa damascena, this study was conducted under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Research Method: The rooting of micro-cuttings was induced on the basal MS medium supplemented with five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) of IBA and putrescine.  In vivo experiment, putrescine and IBA at five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/L) were applied on semi-hardwood damask cuttings, while a downward wounding was created by a sharp blade on the bases of cutting as another treatment. Findings: Data showed significant variations in the root number and root length for in vitro and in vivo cuttings treated with different concentrations of putrescine and IBA. The obtained results revealed that presence of putrescine and IBA in both conditions enhanced root formation, as significantly improved the number of roots and root length in each explant. Under in vitro conditions, the maximum root length and root number were observed on the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA+1 mg/l putrescine. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: The present study highlighted the role of putrescine and IBA in the adventitious rooting of R. damascena, under both in vitro and in vivo situations

Estimation of Electrical Parameters of the Induction Machine Steady State Model Using Nameplate Data and Hunger Game Search Algorithm

In this paper, the Hunger Games Search (HGS) optimization algorithm is used to estimate the electrical parameters of the induction machine steady state model. Induction machine nameplate data is used as input to the proposed algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is confirmed by comparing the output characteristics obtained by estimating the motor parameters including torque, current and power factor in the steady state model of the induction machine with the values provided by the manufacturer. In addition, by evaluating and comparing the results of the proposed method with the results of previous research, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is a very effective and accurate method for the acceptable estimation of induction machine parameters

Introducing a New Hybrid Method to Reduce BLDC Motor Torque Ripple, Based on Predictive Control and Quasi Z-Source Converter

The commutation torque ripple adversely affects the performance of the six-phase inverter of the BLDC motor with trapezoidal back EMF and creates vibration and noise for industrial applications. In this paper, the motor model is obtained in non-commutation times and during the commutation period, and according to that, a suitable method to reduce the torque ripple, by equalizing the slope of the current disconnected from the motor and the slope of the current connected to the motor during commutation, is presented. At low speeds, torque ripple is reduced using predictive pulse width modulation technique. With this method, the duty cycle of the switch involved in the commutation is predicted and applied to the switch during the commutation intervals. At high speeds, this reduction is done using quasi z-source converter and selector circuit. The quasi z-source converter and the selector circuit increase the input voltage of the inverter during commutation intervals and increase its value to four times the back EMF voltage of the motor, thus reducing the torque ripple at high speeds. The theoretical and analytical results are verified using the simulations performed in the PLECS software

Effect of watercress seed mucilage (Lepidium sativum L.) on the wound healing in New Zealand rabbits

Background and aims: Wound healing is one of the most important issues in medical science. Synthetic drugs have long been introduced and used to speed up the healing process of wounds, but most of them have many side effects. The present study was performed to evaluate the healing efficiency of watercress seed mucilage (Lepidium sativum L.) on wounds. Methods: In this study, the animals were randomly divided into five groups. The treatment groups were (1), (2), (3), sham (4), and control (5). The treatment groups were treated with 20%, 10%, and 5% watercress seed mucilage in the Eucerin base, respectively, and the sham was treated with Eucerin, while the control received no treatment. Then, 5 pairs of full-thickness wounds with a diameter of 7 mm were created on both sides of the rabbit’s spine. Macroscopic and wound area studies were performed on days 4, 7, and 14 after surgery. Results: According to the analysis of variance, there was a significant difference between groups 1, 2, 3, sham, and control (P=0.001), but no significant difference was observed between group 3, sham group, and control group (P=0.993). Based on these findings, at the end of the treatment period, group 1 had the highest healing rate and the lowest wound area (1.12±0.77) compared to group 2 (4.42±0.30) and 3 (7.05±0.35), as well as the sham (8.34±1.10) and control (8.50±1.90) groups. Thus, the treatment method of this group has been more effective in wound healing than that of the other treatment groups. Conclusion: It seems that watercress seed mucilage can treat wounds due to its important compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, and vitamins A and C

Polygenic Resilience Modulates the Penetrance of Parkinson Disease Genetic Risk Factors

peer reviewedObjective: The aim of the current study is to understand why some individuals avoid developing Parkinson disease (PD) despite being at relatively high genetic risk, using the largest datasets of individual-level genetic data available. Methods: We calculated polygenic risk score to identify controls and matched PD cases with the highest burden of genetic risk for PD in the discovery cohort (International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, 7,204 PD cases and 9,412 controls) and validation cohorts (Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease, 8,968 cases and 7,598 controls; UK Biobank, 2,639 PD cases and 14,301 controls; Accelerating Medicines Partnership–Parkinson's Disease Initiative, 2,248 cases and 2,817 controls). A genome-wide association study meta-analysis was performed on these individuals to understand genetic variation associated with resistance to disease. We further constructed a polygenic resilience score, and performed multimarker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) gene-based analyses and functional enrichment analyses. Results: A higher polygenic resilience score was associated with a lower risk for PD (β = −0.054, standard error [SE] = 0.022, p = 0.013). Although no single locus reached genome-wide significance, MAGMA gene-based analyses nominated TBCA as a putative gene. Furthermore, we estimated the narrow-sense heritability associated with resilience to PD (h2 = 0.081, SE = 0.035, p = 0.0003). Subsequent functional enrichment analysis highlighted histone methylation as a potential pathway harboring resilience alleles that could mitigate the effects of PD risk loci. Interpretation: The present study represents a novel and comprehensive assessment of heritable genetic variation contributing to PD resistance. We show that a genetic resilience score can modify the penetrance of PD genetic risk factors and therefore protect individuals carrying a high-risk genetic burden from developing PD. ANN NEUROL 202

Polygenic Risk Scores Contribute to Personalized Medicine of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. The vast majority of PD patients develop the disease sporadically and it is assumed that the cause lies in polygenic and environmental components. The overall polygenic risk is the result of a large number of common low-risk variants discovered by large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), generated by compiling genome-wide significant variants, are a useful prognostic tool that quantifies the cumulative effect of genetic risk in a patient and in this way helps to identify high-risk patients. Although there are limitations to the construction and application of PRS, such as considerations of limited genetic underpinning of diseases explained by SNPs and generalizability of PRS to other populations, this personalized risk prediction could make a promising contribution to stratified medicine and tailored therapeutic interventions in the future

An Investigation of the Effects of Emotional Experience Induction on Mirror Neurons System Activity with Regard to Spectrum of Depressive Symptoms

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of emotional experience induction in the mirror neurons systems (MNS) activity with regard to the spectrum of depressive symptoms. For this purpose, at first stage, 449 students of Kharazmi University of Tehran were selected randomly and completed the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Then, 36 students with standard Z-score equal or above +1.5 and equal or equal or below -1.5 were selected to construct two groups of high and low spectrum of depressive symptoms. In the next stage, the basic activity of MNS was recorded (mu wave) before presenting the positive and negative emotional video clips by Electroencephalography (EEG) technique. The findings related to emotion induction (neutral, negative and positive emotion) demonstrated that the activity of recorded mirror neuron areas had a significant difference between the depressive and non-depressive groups. These findings suggest that probably processing of negative emotions in depressive individuals is due to the idea that the mirror neurons in motor cortex matched up the activity of cognitive regions with the person’s schema. Considering the results of the present study, it could be said that the MNS provides a substrate where emotional disorders can be studied and evaluated

Comparison of Medical and Voice Therapy for reflux Laryngitis Based on Acoustic and Laryngeal Characteristics

Background and Aim: Reflux laryngitis is extremely common among patients with voice disorder. Medical therapy approaches are not efficient enough. The main goal of this study is to assess the acoustic and laryngeal characteristics of patients with dysphonia before and after medical or voice therapy, and to evaluate the effectiveness of each.Methods: In this retrospective study, 16 reflux laryngitis patients were assessed. Five received complete voice therapy, tow ceased voice therapy and nine received medication. Perceptual voice evaluation was performed by a speech-language pathologist, the severity of voice problem was calculated, based on the affected acoustic and laryngeal characteristics pre- and post-treatment.Results: Post-treatment evaluation in patients who received complete voice therapy indicates 80 percent improvement in the severity of disorder and 100 percent improvement in the perceptual voice evaluation. After medical therapy, we observed that voice disorder and perceptual voice evaluation are improved 44 and 66 percent respectively. The improvement was statistically significant in both treatment approaches: complete voice therapy (P=0.039) and medical therapy (p=0.017).Conclusion: In patients with reflux laryngitis, most acoustic and laryngeal characteristics were normal and satisfying after the treatment. It can be concluded that the proficiency of voice therapy in improving the acoustic and laryngeal characteristics is comparable to medical therap

Marital Satisfaction amongst Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Normal Children

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare marital satisfactionbetween parents of children with attention deficit hyper activity disorder (ADHD) and parents of normal children.Methods: In this study we have selected 400 parents (200 parents of children with ADHD and 200 parents of normal children), whose children age range was 6-18 years. Data were collected using Enrich marital satisfaction Questionnaire, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Conner’s Questionnaire (parent and self-report forms). For data analysis, SPSS software17, bivariate χ2- test, and independent t- test were used.Results: The mean of marital satisfaction in parents of normal children was higher than parents of ADHD children. In the bivariate χ2- test, the p value was less than 0.05, and the obtained t was more than the table-t (1.96), so it can be assumed that there is a significant difference between parents of normal children and those with ADHD children in their marital satisfaction. The level of marital satisfaction (strongly agree level) was 2.8% lower among parents of ADHD children compared to parents of normal children.Conclusions: Findings indicate that parents with ADHD children have lower level of marital satisfaction than parents with normal children