40 research outputs found

    The precision of international market sampling for North Sea herring and its influence on assessment

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    Market sampling is a key source of data for catch-at-age-based assessment. Little has been documented about the influence of potential error in these data on the precision of assessments and the management information they produce. This paper presents the results of a study of the precision of North Sea herring fish market sampling carried out by the UK, Denmark and the Netherlands. Data from eight years of market sampling were analysed to obtain the precision of estimated numbers-at-age in the catch. The market sample data was then used to estimate 1000 realisations of the international catch-at-age and mean weightsat- age in the catch. Three methods of estimating the variability of missing catch data were used and three options for the catch-at-age matrices were computed. These base datasets were utilised to obtain 1000 assessments conditional on the ICA (Integrated Catch-at-age Analysis) model. From the outcome of these assessments the influence of the market sampling programmes on the management of the stock are presented as 95␌onfidence intervals on the main management parameters (recruitment, SSB, F0-1 and F2-6). In addition, the influence of missing data is estimated. The implications of our conclusions on the requirements from a market sampling programme are discusse

    Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang

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    This study provides further evidence for the impact of the aromas of plant essential oils on aspects of cognition and mood in healthy participants. One hundred and forty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to conditions of ylang-ylang aroma, peppermint aroma, or no aroma control. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery, with mood scales completed before and after cognitive testing. The analysis of the data revealed significant differences between conditions on a number of the factors underpinning the tests that constitute the battery. Peppermint was found to enhance memory whereas ylang-ylang impaired it, and lengthened processing speed. In terms of subjective mood peppermint increased alertness and ylang-ylang decreased it, but significantly increased calmness. These results provide support for the contention that the aromas of essential oils can produce significant and idiosyncratic effects on both subjective and objective assessments of aspects of human behavior. They are discussed with reference to possible pharmacological and psychological modes of influence

    Duft und MarkenfĂŒhrung

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    QualitÀt der Basisreanimation: bessere Ergebnisse im Modellstudiengang?

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    Wie gut drĂŒcken Studierende nach den 5. Studienjahr?

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    Unterricht am Krankenbett ohne Krankenbett - eine EinfĂŒhrung in die klinische Entscheidungsfindung in COVID-19-Zeiten

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    Introduction: The Corona virus pandemic rendered most live education this spring term impossible. Many classes were converted into e-learning formats. Teaching at the bedside (BST) seemed unfeasible under the circumstances. BST and clinical reasoning as its major outcome is introduced at the beginning of semester 5, henceforth all BST refers to this first presentation.Project outline: To ensure proficiency of current 5th semester students in future BST sessions, the introduction could not be cancelled albeit teaching with patients was. Knowing that the practical learning objectives of bedside teaching cannot be mirrored in online formats, a compensating module to teach the concept of BST and clinical reasoning had to be designed. Summary of work: To facilitate an understanding of the concept of bedside teaching with a focus on clinical reasoning we developed paper cases and a survey in Microsoft Forms following the history and examination path used in live BST with the addendum of clinical reasoning tables. For the first paper case, a personal feedback was provided for the clinical reasoning tables. A sample solution was provided later for self-feedback on the whole case. The first case was completed by 87, the second by 40 of 336 students. Response to individual feedback was positive. Students still missed hands-on training in history taking and examination with patients.Discussion: Paper cases cannot fully substitute BST. However, given the prime directive during the pandemic to protect our patients, this module engaged around one third of the cohort. The review of uploaded clinical reasoning tables gave proof to the sufficient students' grasp of clinical reasoning.Conclusion: Albeit not an exhaustive substitute for BST, this online module seems a feasible way to convey clinical reasoning strategies to students.EinfĂŒhrung: Die Coronavirus-Pandemie machte in diesem FrĂŒhjahrssemester den meisten PrĂ€senzunterricht unmöglich. Viele Veranstaltungen wurden in E-Learning-Formate umgewandelt. Der Unterricht am Krankenbett (UaK) schien unter den gegebenen UmstĂ€nden nicht zulĂ€ssig. UaK und klinische Entscheidungsfindung als ihr zentrales Lernziel wird zu Beginn von Semester 5 eingefĂŒhrt, danach bezieht sich jeglicher UaK auf diese erste EinfĂŒhrung.Projektskizze: Um sicherzustellen, dass die derzeitigen Studierenden des 5. Semesters in kĂŒnftigen UaK-Sitzungen die notwendigen FĂ€higkeiten beherrschen, konnte die EinfĂŒhrung nicht gestrichen werden, wenngleich PrĂ€senzunterricht mit Patienten nicht durchgefĂŒhrt wurde. Da die praktischen Lernziele des Unterrichts am Krankenbett nicht in Online-Formaten widergespiegelt werden können, musste ein Ersatzmodul entwickelt werden, um das Konzept des UaK und der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung zu vermitteln. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit: Um das VerstĂ€ndnis des Konzepts des Unterrichts am Krankenbett mit dem Fokus auf der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung zu vermitteln, haben wir PapierfĂ€lle und eine Umfrage in Microsoft Forms entwickelt, die dem in Live-UaK verwendeten Anamnese- und Untersuchungspfad mit anhĂ€nglichen Tabellen zur klinischen Entscheidungsfindung folgen. FĂŒr den ersten Papierfall wurde ein persönliches Feedback zu den Tabellen der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung gegeben. SpĂ€ter wurde eine Musterlösung fĂŒr das Selbst-Feedback zum gesamten Fall zur VerfĂŒgung gestellt. Der erste Fall wurde von 87, der zweite von 40 von 336 Studierenden abgeschlossen. Die Reaktion auf das individuelle Feedback war positiv. Trotzdem vermissten die Studierenden das praktische Üben von Anamnese und Untersuchung mit Patienten.Diskussion: PapierfĂ€lle können UaK nicht vollstĂ€ndig ersetzen. Angesichts der wĂ€hrend der Pandemie geltenden obersten Direktive, unsere Patienten zu schĂŒtzen, hat dieses Modul jedoch etwa ein Drittel der Kohorte erfasst. Die Durchsicht der hochgeladenen Tabellen zur klinischen Entscheidungsfindung bewies, dass die Studierenden ĂŒber ein ausreichendes VerstĂ€ndnis der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung verfĂŒgten.Schlussfolgerung: Wenn es auch keinen vollstĂ€ndigen Ersatz fĂŒr UaK darstellt, so scheint dieses Online-Modul doch ein gangbarer Weg zu sein, den Studierenden Strategien der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung zu vermitteln
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