Short‐term effects of a modified A lt‐ RAMEC protocol for early treatment of C lass III malocclusion: a controlled study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109361/1/ocr12051.pd

Forces Produced by Different Nonconventional Bracket or Ligature Systems during Alignment of Apically Displaced Teeth

Objective: To analyze the forces released by four types of passive stainless steel self-ligating brackets (SLBs), and by two nonconventional elastomeric ligature-bracket systems when compared with conventional elastomeric ligatures on conventional stainless steel brackets during the alignment of apically displaced teeth at the maxillary arch. Materials and Methods: An experimental model consisting of five brackets was used to assess the forces released by the seven different ligature-bracket systems with 0.012" or 0.014" super- elastic nickel titanium wire in the presence of different amounts of apical displacement of the canine (ranging from 1.5 mm to 6 mm). Comparisons between the different types of bracket/wire/ ligature systems were carried out by means of ANOVA on ranks with Dunnett's post hoc test (P < .05). Results: When correction of a misalignment greater than 3 mm is attempted, a noticeable amount of force for alignment is generated by passive SLBs and nonconventional elastomeric ligature- bracket systems, and a null amount of force is released in the presence of conventional elasto- meric ligatures on conventional brackets. Conclusions: When minimal apical displacement is needed (1.5 mm), the differences in performance between low-friction and conventional systems are minimal. These differences become significant when correction of a misalignment of greater than 3.0 mm is attempted. © 2009 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc

Bonded versus banded rapid palatal expander followed by facial mask therapy: analysis on digital dental casts.

To compare the dental effects produced by a bonded versus a banded expander combined with facial mask (FM) in patients with Class III malocclusion by means of digital dental casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients with Class III malocclusion and maxillary transverse deficiency in the deciduous or early mixed dentition were selected. The first group consisted of 25 subjects (12 females; 13 males) with a mean age of 7.4 years (SD 1.2 years) treated with a bonded expander and FM. The second group consisted of 25 subjects (13 females; 12 males) with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD 1.3 years) treated with a banded expander and FM. For each subject of the two groups, initial (pre-treatment, T1) and final (post-treatment, T2) dental casts were taken and scanned. Maxillary digital models of T1 and T2 were superimposed on the palatal rugae in order to analyse the maxillary anchorage loss. Significant between-group differences were tested with independent sample t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: No statistical differences were found for any of the variables observed. CONCLUSION: Orthopaedic treatment of Class III malocclusion with either a bonded or a banded expander and FM during the deciduous or early mixed dentition induced a significant expansion of the maxillary arch and a slight mesialization of the posterior anchoring teeth with no difference between the two intraoral appliance design

Active-treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device during comprehensive Class II correction in growing patients

Objective: To evaluate the active-treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device (Forsus) during comprehensive correction of Class II malocclusion in growing patients. Methods: Fifty-four patients (mean age, 12.5 \ub1 1.2 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion were consecutively treated with fixed app-liances in combination with Forsus. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning of the fixed treatment (T1), Forsus insertion (T2), its removal (T3), and end of the comprehensive therapy (T4). Statistical comparisons were carried out by repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: The overall therapeutic effects were mainly dentoalveolar and occurred mostly during the active treatment with Forsus (T2-T3, mean duration = 0.5 \ub1 0.1 years). The overjet and overbite decreased significantly (-3.5 and -1.5 mm, respectively) and the molar relationship improved by 4.3 mm. These changes were associated with significant retroclination of the maxillary incisors (-3.1\ub0), proclination and intrusion of the mandibular incisors (+5.0\ub0 and -1.5 mm, respectively), and mesialization of the mandibular molars (+2.0 mm). Conclusions: Forsus had mainly dentoalveolar effects and contributed largely to the overall therapeutic outcome

Skin rash and response to cetuximab treatment: a retrospective single-center analysis

Background: The standard of care for patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (R/M HNSCC) not susceptible for surgery or reirradiation is chemotherapy with 5-FU and cisplatin plus cetuximab. Skin rash (SR) is a common adverse event of cetuximab. In patients treated with cetuximab for colorectal cancer there is strong evidence of a better outcome in those who undergo moderate or high grade of SR, and some retrospective data seem to confirm this finding in HNSCC. We report our experience. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 107 patients treated with cetuximab for R/M HNSCC from January 2014 to December 2016. Patients were divided in two groups by the grade of SR (G0-1 and G2-4), conforming to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v 4.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) was computed as time of progression or death since the date of assessment of recurrent/metastatic disease. Overall response rate (ORR) was computed as the sum of partial and complete responses and evaluated according to RECIST 1.1. PFS and ORR were correlated to the grade of rash. Results: 67 patients were evaluable for PFS: among them PFS was significantly longer (p 0.0014) in those who underwent a G2-4 rash (9,3 months) vs G0-1 (4,9 months). Hazard Ratio was 2,445 (CI 1.412-4.232). 95 patients were evaluable for ORR: among them G0-1 group had 4,2%, while G2-4 group had 36,8% of ORR. Conclusions: Our results support data of literature on improved outcome according to the development of skin rash in HNSCC. SR might be considered a predictive marker of response in these patients; nonetheless further ad hoc studies would be interesting

Two-Component Elements Mediate Interactions between Cytokinin and Salicylic Acid in Plant Immunity

Recent studies have revealed an important role for hormones in plant immunity. We are now beginning to understand the contribution of crosstalk among different hormone signaling networks to the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions. Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate development and responses to the environment. Cytokinin signaling involves a phosphorelay circuitry similar to two-component systems used by bacteria and fungi to perceive and react to various environmental stimuli. In this study, we asked whether cytokinin and components of cytokinin signaling contribute to plant immunity. We demonstrate that cytokinin levels in Arabidopsis are important in determining the amplitude of immune responses, ultimately influencing the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions. We show that high concentrations of cytokinin lead to increased defense responses to a virulent oomycete pathogen, through a process that is dependent on salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activation of defense gene expression. Surprisingly, treatment with lower concentrations of cytokinin results in increased susceptibility. These functions for cytokinin in plant immunity require a host phosphorelay system and are mediated in part by type-A response regulators, which act as negative regulators of basal and pathogen-induced SA–dependent gene expression. Our results support a model in which cytokinin up-regulates plant immunity via an elevation of SA–dependent defense responses and in which SA in turn feedback-inhibits cytokinin signaling. The crosstalk between cytokinin and SA signaling networks may help plants fine-tune defense responses against pathogens