10 research outputs found

    Approaching the perfect diode limit through a nonlinear interface

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    We consider a system formed by two different segments of particles, coupled to thermal baths, one at each end, modeled by Langevin thermostats. The particles in each segment interact harmonically and are subject to an on-site potential, for which, three different types are considered, namely, harmonic, ϕ4\phi^4, and Frenkel-Kontorova. The two segments are nonlinearly coupled, between interfacial particles, by means of a power-law potential, with exponent μ\mu, which we vary, scanning from subharmonic to superharmonic potentials, up to the infinite-square-well limit (μ\mu\to\infty). Thermal rectification is investigated by integrating the equations of motion and computing the heat fluxes. As a measure of rectification, we use the difference of the currents resulting from baths inversion, divided by their average. We find that rectification can be optimized by a given value of μ\mu that depends on the bath temperatures and details of the chains. But, regardless of the type of on-site potential considered, the interfacial potential that produces maximal rectification approaches the infinite-square-well (μ\mu\to\infty), when reducing the average temperature of the baths. Our analysis of thermal rectification focuses on this regime, for which we complement numerical results with heuristic considerations.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

    Evaluation of the use of transbronchial biopsy in patients with clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease

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    OBJETIVO: Estudar os padrões clínicos, radiológicos e histopatológicos da biópsia transbrônquica (BTB) utilizados para a confirmação diagnóstica em pacientes com suspeita clinica de doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI) atendidos em um hospital universitário de nível terciário. MÉTODOS: Os prontuários, laudos radiológicos e de biópsias transbrônquicas de todos os pacientes com suspeita de DPI submetidos a BTB entre janeiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2006 no Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, localizado na cidade de Botucatu (SP), foram revisados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 56 pacientes. Desses, 11 (19,6%) apresentaram o diagnóstico definitivo de fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI), que foi significativamente maior nos casos nos quais DPI era uma possibilidade diagnóstica em comparação com aqueles nos quais DPI era a principal suspeita (p = 0,011), demonstrando a contribuição da BTB para a definição diagnóstica dessas doenças. O exame histopatológico dessas biópsias revelou que 27,3% dos pacientes com FPI apresentavam o padrão de pneumonia organizante, o que pode sugerir doença mais avançada. O padrão histológico indeterminado foi o mais frequente, refletindo a característica periférica da FPI. Entretanto, o padrão fibrose apresentou alta especificidade e alto valor preditivo negativo. Para os padrões sugestivos de FPI em TC, a curva ROC indicou que a melhor relação entre sensibilidade e especificidade ocorreu com a presença de cinco alterações radiológicas, sendo o aspecto de favo de mel fortemente sugestivo de FPI (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Nas DPIs, a TC de tórax deve ser sempre realizada e a BTB usada em situações individualizadas, conforme a suspeita e distribuição das lesões.OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) used in order to confirm the diagnosis in patients with clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD) treated at a tertiary-care university hospital. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records, radiology reports, and reports of transbronchial biopsies from all patients with suspected ILD who underwent TBB between January of 1999 and December of 2006 at the Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, located in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. RESULTS: The study included 56 patients. Of those, 11 (19.6%) had a definitive diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the rate of which was significantly higher in the patients in which ILD was a possible diagnosis in comparison with those in which ILD was the prime suspect (p = 0.011), demonstrating the contribution of TBB to the diagnostic confirmation of these diseases. The histopathological examination of the biopsies revealed that 27.3% of the patients with IPF showed a pattern of organizing pneumonia, which suggests greater disease severity. The most common histological pattern was the indeterminate pattern, reflecting the peripheral characteristic of IPF. However, the fibrosis pattern showed high specificity and high negative predictive value. For CT scan patterns suggestive of IPF, the ROC curve showed that the best relationship between sensitivity and specificity occurred when five radiological alterations were present. Honeycombing was found to be strongly suggestive of IPF (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For ILDs, chest CT should always be performed, and TBB should be used in specific situations, according to the suspicion and distribution of lesions

    MULTIPLICAÇÃO DO SABUGUEIRO POR ESTAQUIA DE ACORDO COM O TIPO DE ESTACA A E CONCENTRAÇÃO DE ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO

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    O objetivo foi avaliar a multiplicação do sabugueiro (Sambucus australis) de acordo com o tipo de estaca e concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) pela técnica de estaquia. O trabalho foi realizado na Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa Horta de Plantas medicinais, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos (PR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (tipo de estaca x concentração de AIB), com 4 repetições de 10 estacas por unidade experimental. Os ramos foram preparados em estacas de 8 cm, mantendo-se um par de folhas reduzido a 25% do tamanho original. As estacas foram preparadas de dois tipos de ramos (Herbácea e Semi-lenhosa). Após a base das estacas foram tratadas com solução de AIB, nas concentrações 0, 500, 1000, 1500 e 2000 mg L-1, durante 10 segundos e colocadas em tubetes redondos contendo substrato comercial. Após 60 dias da implantação do experimento foram avaliados o enraizamento das estacas (%), número médio de raízes por estaca, comprimento médio de raiz (cm), número médio de brotações por estaca, comprimento médio das brotações (cm), massa de matéria fresca (MMF) da parte aérea e radicular (g) e massa de matéria seca (MMS) da parte aérea e radicular (g). Das estacas enraizadas 5 foram replantadas em tubetes para avaliar a sobrevivência (%) 30 dias após a avaliação. Para a multiplicação do sabugueiro (Sambucus australis) pela técnica de estaquia não é recomendada a aplicação exógena de auxina, de maneira que as estacas podem ser confeccionadas de material herbáceo e semi-lenhoso

    Ultrassonografia articular: confiabilidade interobservadores em artrite reumatoide

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    Introdução: A ultrassonografia (US) tem uso recente na reumatologia, e a confiabilidade do método em pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) ainda está por ser definida. Objetivo: Testar, em uma pesquisa de AR, a reprodutibilidade da US musculosquelética realizada por reumatologistas com treinamento de um ano por meio da reanálise por um reumatologista com experiência no método. Pacientes e métodos: Esse estudo transversal incluiu pacientes de AR consecutivos de nosso centro terciário. O exame US foi realizado nas articulações metacarpofalângicas, articulações interfalângicas proximais e punhos. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: presença de sinovite, sinal de power Doppler (PD), erosões ósseas e alterações cartilaginosas. Um valor Kappa entre 0,20 e 0,40 foi considerado razoável; entre 0,41 e 0,60, moderado; entre 0,61 e 0,80, bom; e acima de 0,81, excelente. Resultados: Analisamos 1380 articulações de pacientes com AR (78% mulheres, 78% caucasoides). Média de idade = 58 ± 11,56 anos, duração média da doença = 9,98 ± 7,79 anos, DAS28 média = 3,82 ± 1,53 e HAQ média = 0,91 ± 0,67. A concordância de Kappa para sinovite variou de 0,30-0,70; para sinal PD, de 0,53 até a concordância absoluta; para erosões, de 0,70-0,97; para alterações cartilaginosas, de 0,28-0,63. Conclusão: Embora tenha sido obtida concordância interobservadores boa, moderada e excelente para erosões e PD, a concordância para sinovite e alterações cartilaginosas foi me-nos substancial em nossos pacientes com AR ativa. Há necessidade de novos estudos sobre a padronização da técnica de análise, objetivando a melhora da reprodutibilidade da US musculosquelética

    How is the ultrasound in rheumatology used, implemented, and applied in Latin American centers? Results from a multicenter study

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    This study aimed to perform an overview of how ultrasound (US) is being used, implemented, and applied in rheumatologic centers in Latin America (LA). A retrospective, multicenter 1-year experience study was undertaken. Eighteen centers from eight countries were involved. The following information were collected: demographic data, indication to perform an US examination, physician that required the examination, and the anatomical region required for the examination. A total of 7167 patients underwent an US examination. The request for US examinations came most frequently from their own institution (5981 (83.45 %)) than from external referral (1186 (16.55 %)). The services that more frequently requested an US examination were rheumatology 5154 (71.91 %), followed by orthopedic 1016 (14.18 %), and rehabilitation 375 (5.23 %). The most frequently scanned area was the shoulder in 1908 cases (26.62 %), followed by hand 1754 (24.47 %), knee 1518 (21.18 %), ankle 574 (8.01 %), and wrist 394 (5.50 %). Osteoarthritis was the most common disease assessed (2279 patients (31.8 %)), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (2125 patients (29.65 %)), psoriatic arthritis (869 patients (12.1 %)), painful shoulder syndrome (545 (7.6 %)), connective tissue disorders (systemic sclerosis 339 (4.7 %), polymyositis/dermatomyositis 107 (1.4 %), Sjögren’s syndrome 60 (0.8 %), and systemic lupus erythematosus 57 (0.8 %)). US evaluation was more frequently requested for diagnostic purposes (3981 (55.5 %)) compared to follow-up studies (2649 (36.9 %)), research protocols (339 (4.73 %)), and invasive guided procedures (198 (2.76 %)). US registered increasing applications in rheumatology and highlighted its positive impact in daily clinical practice. US increases the accuracy of the musculoskeletal clinical examination, influence the diagnosis, and the disease management. © 2016, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR)

    How is the ultrasound in rheumatology used, implemented, and applied in Latin American centers? Results from a multicenter study

    No full text
    This study aimed to perform an overview of how ultrasound (US) is being used, implemented, and applied in rheumatologic centers in Latin America (LA). A retrospective, multicenter 1-year experience study was undertaken. Eighteen centers from eight countries were involved. The following information were collected: demographic data, indication to perform an US examination, physician that required the examination, and the anatomical region required for the examination. A total of 7167 patients underwent an US examination. The request for US examinations came most frequently from their own institution (5981 (83.45 %)) than from external referral (1186 (16.55 %)). The services that more frequently requested an US examination were rheumatology 5154 (71.91 %), followed by orthopedic 1016 (14.18 %), and rehabilitation 375 (5.23 %). The most frequently scanned area was the shoulder in 1908 cases (26.62 %), followed by hand 1754 (24.47 %), knee 1518 (21.18 %), ankle 574 (8.01 %), and wrist 394 (5.50 %). Osteoarthritis was the most common disease assessed (2279 patients (31.8 %)), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (2125 patients (29.65 %)), psoriatic arthritis (869 patients (12.1 %)), painful shoulder syndrome (545 (7.6 %)), connective tissue disorders (systemic sclerosis 339 (4.7 %), polymyositis/dermatomyositis 107 (1.4 %), Sjögren’s syndrome 60 (0.8 %), and systemic lupus erythematosus 57 (0.8 %)). US evaluation was more frequently requested for diagnostic purposes (3981 (55.5 %)) compared to follow-up studies (2649 (36.9 %)), research protocols (339 (4.73 %)), and invasive guided procedures (198 (2.76 %)). US registered increasing applications in rheumatology and highlighted its positive impact in daily clinical practice. US increases the accuracy of the musculoskeletal clinical examination, influence the diagnosis, and the disease management. © 2016, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR)
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