Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia with normal serum prolactin: is treatment required?

Galactorrhea with menstrual abnormalities like oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea point towards a provisional diagnosis of increased serum prolactin levels or hyperprolactinemia. However, as the prolactin hormone is heterogeneous with two forms- the bioactive and the immunoactive forms, patients can have all the features of hyperprolactinemia with normal serum prolactin levels

Factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common health problem affecting the multiparous women. Various demographic and social factors are the underlying cause for POP.Methods: This is a prospective study on 100 patients of pelvic organ prolapse attending the gynecological OPD of a tertiary care institute in Northern India. A thorough history was taken and a complete examination was done. The data was collected and analyzed.Results: The findings of the study revealed that the mean age of the patient was 49.45 years with 84% of the patient above 35 years. Illiteracy was present in 54% of the patients. The mean age of marriage was 20.02 years and 63% of the women in the study group had their first pregnancy before 20 years of age. Majority of patients (72%) had 2 or more deliveries at home, attended by untrained birth attendant. Parity of more than four was present in 70% patients. A large percentage of patients (78%) resumed their work within one month of delivery. Mean age of onset of POP was 47.79 years and mean duration of POP was 7.2 years before consulting a doctor.Conclusions: Early marriage, pregnancy at an early age, deliveries at home, multiple childbirth, and inadequate rest and nutrition in the postpartum period is the key underlying factors leading to pelvic organ prolapse

Analysis of histopathological examination of the hysterectomy specimens in a north Indian teaching institute

Background: This was a retrospective study in which the histopathological examination (HPE) of the specimens of all the hysterectomies done for the non-oncological causes in the Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Barabanki, India from January 2015 to July 2016 were analyzed. The aim of the study was to assess the range of pathological lesions in the hysterectomy specimens and correlation of the preoperative diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis.Methods: This was a retrospective study which included all the patients who underwent hysterectomy for the non – oncological gynecological causes in Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India over a span of 19 months, from January 2015 to July 2016.Results: A total of 152 hysterectomies were done for the non-oncological causes in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, MIMS, during the study period. Among these, 95 (62.5%) were done by the abdominal route and 57 (37.5%) were done by vaginal route. Mean age of the patients were 50.86±6.9 years, the mean age for vaginal hysterectomy being higher as compared to the abdominal hysterectomy. Uterovaginal prolapse (37.5%) was the most common preoperative indication, while the fibroid uterus (25.65%) was the commonest indication for the abdominal hysterectomy. Other common indications were dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB, 9.87%) and ovarian mass (7.89%). Fibroid uterus in the myometrium, chronic cervicitis in the cervix and functional cysts in the ovaries were the commonest histopathology noted. Adenomyosis was the most missed pathology preoperatively. Patients operated with a preoperative diagnosis of DUB had least HPE correlation. Unremarkable HPE was found in 12.5% cases, all were operated for uterovaginal prolapseConclusions: Justification of hysterectomy is proved when the HPE report is compatible with the preoperative diagnosis; hence HPE of all hysterectomy specimens should be done and analyzed

Filogenetska analiza izolata pasjeg parvovirusa izdvojenih u Mathuri u Indiji.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen causing acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs and myocarditis in pups. The present study deals with an analysis of partial nucleotide sequences of the VP1/VP2 gene of CPV isolates from Mathura, India to establish their phylogenetic relationship with other CPV isolates. Out of 100 samples from dogs showing the clinical signs of gastroenteritis viz., vomiting, diarrhea and dysentery, 63 were found positive for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 63 positive samples, eight samples were processed further for nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CPV variants were not only closely related among themselves but also showed minimum divergence from their ancestors, such as MEV, indicating very little divergence since their origin. From the study, it may be concluded that canine parvovirus-2 variants may represent a potential threat to canine populations. Thus more efforts is required to increase epidemiological monitoring and surveillance, along with the measures necessary to control this disease in the canine population, and to assess the efficacy of the current vaccines.Pasji parvovirus važan je uzročnik hemoragijskog gastroenteritisa u odraslih pasa i miokarditisa u štenadi. U ovom su istraživanju djelomično analizirane nukleotidne sekvencije gena VP1/VP2 izolata pasjeg parvovirusa iz Mathure u Indiji sa svrhom da se njihova filogenetska svojstva usporede s drugim izolatima toga virusa. Od 100 uzoraka izdvojenih iz pasa s gastroenteritisom odnosno s povraćanjem i proljevom, 63 su bila pozitivna na pasji parvovirus 2 upotrebom lančane reakcije polimerazom. Od toga je osam uzoraka uzeto za određivanje njihova nukleotidnog slijeda. Filogenetska analiza je pokazala da varijante pasjeg parvovirusa nisu bile samo međusobno usko srodne, već su s neznatnim skretanjem bile srodne i sa svojim predcima, kao što je virus enteritisa američke vidrice, što upućuje na njihove neznatne razlike od njihova nastanka. Može se zaključiti da varijante pasjeg parvovirusa 2 predstavljaju moguću prijetnju za populaciju pasa. Potrebno je uložiti više napora u smjeru epizootioloških istraživanja i donošenja mjera nadzora te kontrole ove zarazne bolesti zajedno s naporima za procjenu učinkovitosti postojećih cjepiva

High pressure studies on the electrical resistivity of As–Te–bond Si glasses and the effect of network topological thresholds

The variation of resistivity in an amorphous As30Te70−x Si x system of glasses with high pressure has been studied for pressures up to 8 GPa. It is found that the electrical resistivity and the conduction activation energy decrease continuously with increase in pressure, and samples become metallic in the pressure range 1.0–2.0 GPa. Temperature variation studies carried out at a pressure of 0.92 GPa show that the activation energies lie in the range 0.16–0.18 eV. Studies on the composition/average co-ordination number ⟨ r⟩ dependence of normalized electrical resistivity at different pressures indicate that rigidity percolation is extended, the onset of the intermediate phase is around ⟨ r⟩=2.44, and completion at ⟨ r⟩=2.56, respectively, while the chemical threshold is at ⟨ r⟩=2.67. These results compare favorably with those obtained from electrical switching and differential scanning calorimetric studies

Directional-dependent thickness and bending rigidity of phosphorene

The strong mechanical anisotropy of phosphorene combined with the atomic-scale thickness challenges the commonly employed elastic continuum idealizations. Using objective boundary conditions and a density functional-based potential, we directly uncover the flexibility of individual α, β and γ phosphorene allotrope layers along an arbitrary bending direction. A correlation analysis with the in-plane elasticity finds that although a monolayer thickness cannot be defined in the classical continuum sense, an unusual orthotropic plate with a directional-dependent thickness can unambiguously describe the out-of-plane deformation of α and γ allotropes. Such decoupling of the in-plane and out-of-plane nanomechanics might be generic for two-dimensional materials beyond graphene

AN AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF EKAKUSHTHA (PSORIASIS VULGARIS) THROUGH VIRECHANA KARMA (PURGATION THERAPY) AND SHAMANA CHIKITSA (PALLIATIVE THERAPY): A CASE STUDY

A 21 years old female patient had complained of silvery scaly skin lesions all over body with reddish discoloration having severe itching, burning sensation since 15 years back that got aggravated during each rainy and cold season. Examination- 1. Severe silvery scaly lesions shaded down on rubbing all over the day, 2. Characterized by sharply demarcated and erythematous papulosquamous lesions (Dry, thin, silvery-white scales), 3. Irregular, discoid and oval in shape. 3. Small areas of bleeding where the involved skin is scratched, 4. Scaly plaques on the scalp, 5. Auspitz Sign-positive, 6. Candle grease sign-Positive, 7. Grattage Test-Positive. Aims and Objectives: To prove the role & efficacy of Virechana drugs, Virechana Karma, Sansarjana Karma & Sanshamana chikitsa. Materials and Methods: 1. Dadimashtaka Choorna was given 5gm twice a day with lukewarm water continuously for 3 days as Aama Dosha Pachanartha, 2.Guggulutiktakaghritama was given 25ml, 50ml, 75ml, 100ml, 125ml, 150ml & 200ml with lukewarm water for next 7 days as Snehana Karma, 3. Bahya Snehana with Dashamoola Taila and Bahya Sarvaanga Swedana with Dashmoola Kwatha were applied for next 3 days, 4.Virechana Karma was done after Samyaka Snehana & Swedana. 5. Sansarjana Karma was done after Samayaka Virechana for 7 days. Differential Diagosis-Sidddham, Mandalkushtha & Ekakushtha. Provisional Dignosis-Ekakushtha, Final Diagnosis-Ekakushtha (Psoriasis vulgaris). Result: Significantly improvements were observed in treatment of Ekakushtha (Psoriasis vulgaris). Discussion: Deepana & Pachana chikitsa is responsible for Aama Dosha Pachanartha. Snehana is responsible for Srotosamamardawama. Swedana is responsible for Srotomargavishodhanam. Virechana is responsible for pacifying vitiated Pittaja as well as Kaphaja Dosha and Vyadhi

Költözési szándék és lakóhelyi szuburbanizáció a budapesti agglomerációban

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent generation of IL-1β is initiated in macrophages upon recognition of several stimuli. In the present work, we show that gain-of-function gene variants of inflammasome components known to predispose individuals to inflammatory disorders have a host-protective role during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By isolation of macrophages from patients and healthy blood donors with genetic variants in NLRP3 and CARD8 and subsequently infecting the cells by virulent M. tuberculosis, we show that these gene variants, combined, are associated with increased control of bacterial growth in human macrophages

The Q705K Polymorphism in NLRP3 Is a Gain-of-Function Alteration Leading to Excessive Interleukin-1β and IL-18 Production

Background: The Q705K polymorphism in NLRP3 has been implicated in several chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we determine the functional role of this commonly occurring polymorphism using an in-vitro system. Methods / Principle findings: NLRP3-WT and NLRP3-Q705K were retrovirally transduced into the human monocytic cell line THP-1, followed by the assessment of IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the cell culture supernatant. THP-1 cells expressing the above NLRP3 variants were sorted based upon Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression. Cytokine response to alum (one of the most widely used adjuvants in vaccines) in the cells stably expressing NLRP3-WT and NLRP3-Q705K were determined. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were found to be elevated in THP-1 cells transduced with NLRP3-Q705K compared to the NLRP3-WT. Upon exposure to alum, THP-1 cells stably expressing NLRP3-Q705K displayed an increased production of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, in a caspase-1 and IL-1 receptor-dependent manner. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings show that the Q705K polymorphism in NLRP3 is a gain-of-function alteration leading to an overactive NLRP3 inflammasome. The option of IL-1β blockade may be considered in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders that are unresponsive to conventional treatments