Expanding the frontier of gold-catalyzed cyclizations and rational ligand design.

The focus of my dissertation work is to study the gold-catalyzed intramolecular and intermolecular cyclizations involving oxonium intermediates towards the application of synthetically interesting frameworks under ambient conditions and developing a rational approach for the effective catalyst design in gold catalysis. We explored the goldcatalyzed oxygen-transfer reactions of 2-alkynyl-1,5-diketones or 2-alkynyl-5-ketoesters to furnish five-membered rings bearing a quaternary carbon tethered to a carbonyl group. The detailed mechanistic investigation on the newly proposed intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition mechanism was performed by means of isotopic experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The reactivity of alkynylenolate was investigated in the reactions of allenic ketones and vinyl ketones which led to versatile syntheses of 2-alkynyl-1,5-diketones, 4-alkynyl-3-hydroxycyclohexones and 4-alkynylcyclohexenones. We also investigated the gold-catalyzed annulations of 2-alkynyl benzaldehyde with acyclic or cyclic vinyl ethers under very mild conditions, and successfully developed synthetically interesting dihydronaphthalenes, acetal-tethered isochromenes and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives often found in biologically active molecules and natural products. Although there have been numerous reviews and publications on new gold-catalyzed transformations, the development of new catalysts still relies on a hit-and-miss approach. Because the decay of the active cationic gold catalyst is the main reason for the high catalytic loading required for the majority of gold-catalyzed transformations, we developed a modular approach for effective catalyst design in gold catalysis. We discovered a new phosphine–based precatalyst that is broadly applicable and highly efficient—in the parts per million (ppm) range—at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures (\u3c 50 oC) . The ligand was preapared in one step from readily available starting materials

Communication hurdles leadership: An exploratory conclusion

With regards to correspondence, we every one of the have a tendency to believe we're really great at it. Honestly, even those of us who are great communicators aren't about in the same class as we think we are. This overestimation of our capacity to convey is amplified when connecting with individuals we know well. Analysts at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business put this hypothesis under serious scrutiny and what they found is startling. In the study, the scientists matched subjects with individuals they knew well and afterward again with individuals they'd never met. The scientists found that individuals who knew one another surely knew one another no superior to anything individuals who'd simply met! Far more atrocious, members often overestimated their capacity to convey, and this was more declared with individuals they knew well

Social paradigms of the digital marketing- an Indian perspective of Social Media Marketing

With the tremendous and broadly scattered populace of India it has dependably been a test for organizations to control market progress and they need to strive to make their vicinity felt all through the length and expansiveness of the country. Gone are the days when an insignificant promotion on radio or an imaginative publicizing battle was sufficient to hypnotize the objective client. The Information correspondence innovation insurgency had made it basic for organizations to go for interactive media advancement crusades in western nations as well as in India. The developing web entrance, the high offers of advanced mobile phones and the 3G administrations being generally made accessible by cell telephone organizations in India together make impeccable conditions for a computerized upset to occur. On the off chance that we take a gander at the bigger picture the organizations whether private or open are all occupied with prominent promoting projects utilizing either single media or mixed media battles. What's more, this is going on the grounds that if in today's age an organization or brand "is out of site it goes out of psyche", consequently promoting has turned into a fundamental malice. The advertising arrangement essentially means to make the business furnish the arrangement with the mindfulness with the normal clients. From 1980 onwards, on the other hand, the Indian state has moved Indian political economy towards East Asian models of improvement

Investigating the Relationship of Organizational Identification, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Ethical leadership in Context of College Teachers

The study initiated with the focus on three broad parameters Organizational Identification, Organizational Citizenship behavior and Ethical leadership. The main aim of this study was to Investigating the Relationship of Organizational Identification, Organizational Citizenship behavior and Ethical leadership in context of College Teachers. The study was conducted with the help of convenient sampling and consisting of 402 college faculty members in Punjab region. Structured questionnaire was prepared and survey was conducted through online as well as offline mode. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis along with Structured Equation modeling was applied to reach the desired results. At the end, the result indicated that ethical leadership has strong and direct influence on Organizational Identification and Organizational Citizenship behavior

Trade, investment and economic growth in India and China

Using time series data from 1980 to 2014, this study examines the relationship between trade, investment and economic growth in India and China. The present study attempts to assess the contributions of not only foreign direct investment and exports as done by the previous studies but also incorporates domestic direct investment and imports. The study uses more comprehensive and recent autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to examine the existence of short-run and long-run relationships. The main advantage of this approach is that it can be used regardless of the stationarity properties of the variables in the sample. The study gives different results for both countries. In case of China, exports, FDI  and domestic investment have positive impact on economic growth whereas for India only the variable of domestic investment has been found to be significant. China is a world leader in merchandise exports and its services exports have complemented its goods exports. The main weakness of Indian economy is the poor performance of manufacturing sector as a result of which India’s merchandise exports are concentrated around a few categories. Though India is a leader in IT related services exports but these exports are unable to compensate for poor performance of merchandise exports

Posterior Corneal Lamellar Detachment after Phacoemulsification in a Case of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

The abstract of this research was presented as a poster presentation at XXXV Congress of the EuropeanSociety of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS), Lisbon, Portugal, 7th–11th October, 2017

Skin substitutes based on gellan gum with mechanical and penetration compatibility to native human skin

The study reports on a simple system to fabricate skin substitutes consisting of a naturally occurring bacterial polysaccharide gellan gum. Gelation was driven by the addition of a culture medium whose cations induced gellan gum crosslinking at physiological temperature, resulting in hydrogels. Human dermal fibroblasts were incorporated in these hydrogels and their mechanical, morphological, and penetration characteristics were studied. The mechanical properties were determined by means of oscillatory shear rheology, and a short linear viscoelastic regime was noted up to less than 1% of strain amplitude. The storage modulus increased with an increasing polymer concentration. The moduli were in the range noted for native human skin. After 2 weeks of fibroblast cultivation, the storage moduli showed signs of deterioration, so that a culture time of 2 weeks was proposed for further studies. Microscopic and fluorescent staining observations were documented. These depicted a crosslinked network structure in the hydrogels with a homogeneous distribution of cells and an assured cell viability of 2 weeks. H&E staining was also performed, which showed some traces of ECM formation in a few sections. Finally, caffeine penetration experiments were carried out with Franz diffusion cells. The hydrogels with a higher concentration of polymer containing cells showed an improved barrier function against caffeine compared to previously studied multicomponent hydrogels as well as commercially available 3D skin models. Therefore, these hydrogels displayed both mechanical and penetration compatibility with the ex vivo native human skin

Mapping of variations in child stunting, wasting and underweight within the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2000–2017

Background To inform actions at the district level under the National Nutrition Mission (NNM), we assessed the prevalence trends of child growth failure (CGF) indicators for all districts in India and inequality between districts within the states. Methods We assessed the trends of CGF indicators (stunting, wasting and underweight) from 2000 to 2017 across the districts of India, aggregated from 5 × 5 km grid estimates, using all accessible data from various surveys with subnational geographical information. The states were categorised into three groups using their Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels calculated as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study based on per capita income, mean education and fertility rate in women younger than 25 years. Inequality between districts within the states was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV). We projected the prevalence of CGF indicators for the districts up to 2030 based on the trends from 2000 to 2017 to compare with the NNM 2022 targets for stunting and underweight, and the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets for stunting and wasting. We assessed Pearson correlation coefficient between two major national surveys for district-level estimates of CGF indicators in the states. Findings The prevalence of stunting ranged 3.8-fold from 16.4% (95% UI 15.2–17.8) to 62.8% (95% UI 61.5–64.0) among the 723 districts of India in 2017, wasting ranged 5.4-fold from 5.5% (95% UI 5.1–6.1) to 30.0% (95% UI 28.2–31.8), and underweight ranged 4.6-fold from 11.0% (95% UI 10.5–11.9) to 51.0% (95% UI 49.9–52.1). 36.1% of the districts in India had stunting prevalence 40% or more, with 67.0% districts in the low SDI states group and only 1.1% districts in the high SDI states with this level of stunting. The prevalence of stunting declined significantly from 2010 to 2017 in 98.5% of the districts with a maximum decline of 41.2% (95% UI 40.3–42.5), wasting in 61.3% with a maximum decline of 44.0% (95% UI 42.3–46.7), and underweight in 95.0% with a maximum decline of 53.9% (95% UI 52.8–55.4). The CV varied 7.4-fold for stunting, 12.2-fold for wasting, and 8.6-fold for underweight between the states in 2017; the CV increased for stunting in 28 out of 31 states, for wasting in 16 states, and for underweight in 20 states from 2000 to 2017. In order to reach the NNM 2022 targets for stunting and underweight individually, 82.6% and 98.5% of the districts in India would need a rate of improvement higher than they had up to 2017, respectively. To achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 target for wasting, all districts in India would need a rate of improvement higher than they had up to 2017. The correlation between the two national surveys for district-level estimates was poor, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.7 only in Odisha and four small north-eastern states out of the 27 states covered by these surveys. Interpretation CGF indicators have improved in India, but there are substantial variations between the districts in their magnitude and rate of decline, and the inequality between districts has increased in a large proportion of the states. The poor correlation between the national surveys for CGF estimates highlights the need to standardise collection of anthropometric data in India. The district-level trends in this report provide a useful reference for targeting the efforts under NNM to reduce CGF across India and meet the Indian and global targets. Keywords Child growth failureDistrict-levelGeospatial mappingInequalityNational Nutrition MissionPrevalenceStuntingTime trendsUnder-fiveUndernutritionUnderweightWastingWHO/UNICEF target